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1 5 Title of the Paper Goes Here Student Name Institution ACC 5301 Management Applications of Accounting Instructor Date Abstract The abstract is an overview of the paper, written after completion. Other researchers use the abstract to determine if your work will be useful to them. The abstract should include the background, hypothesis or research question, methodology for data collection and analysis, the findings of your research, and conclusions. It should be between 100–150 words. This is done when the paper is complete.

Title of Paper Remember this part of the paper is double spaced in APA format. The Introduction should lead readers into the topic and its importance. Introductions typically include the overall topic of the paper, the specific focus of the paper within the larger topic, the main points in the paper, the kind of paper (study, argument, critique, discussion), and the purpose. Writing tip: The length of the introduction should be in proportion to the length of the paper. Also ask yourself, “With my purpose and my audience, how do I engage my readers best?†In the introduction, you set the tone of the piece, establish your voice, and demonstrate your writing style; be authentic to your purpose and your audience.

Part 1 Financial Statement Comparison Identify the name, location, and accounting standards used for each of the two related businesses you selected . Compare and contrast three major differences you see in the way the financial data is presented on the financial statements Identify which set of financial statements you think are the easiest to understand and that provide you with the most accurate cost data as a manager. (Do not forget to look at the notes to the financial statements also.) Part 2 International Factors Analyze and discuss three international factors you think would affect the cost of the products made at the companies you selected and why. Part 3 Compliance/Regulatory Issues Discuss any compliance and/or regulatory issues you think would be involved in the companies you have selected as they relate to the cost of the products made.

For example, are there strict regulations on product pricing, tariffs imposed on raw materials needed to make the products, strict regulations on the wages paid to workers, etc. Conclusions and Recommendations The conclusion section should summarize for the readers the topics of importance that led to your final conclusions/analysis regarding this case. Include some specific areas of focus from your analysis to reinforce your conclusion. References Include complete references in proper APA format for all of the citations listed in your paper. Be sure to use the library for the required number of sources.

Additional sources can be used but should be scholarly. Present your references in alphabetical order. Name ____________________________________ Date ____________ Period ____ Solution Concentration Problems For each problem, choose the formula needed, write the formula, plug in values, and solve. Round to the least number of significant figures given in the problem. If you only write the final answer, you will not receive credit.

Click HERE for a Periodic Table. Refer to the Video Lesson; Additional Examples; Textbook pp. I. Using percent to describe concentration: Percent by mass = mass of solute x 100 Percent by volume = vol. of solute x 100 mass of soln. vol. of soln. 1.

What is the percent by mass of potassium nitrate in a solution made by mixing 5.4 g of solute in 260.0 mL of water? (Density of H2O = 1.00 g/mL) 2. What is the percent by mass of sodium carbonate in a water solution containing 0.497 g Na2CO3 in 58.3 g of solution? 3. What is the percent by volume of isopropyl alcohol in a solution made by mixing 75mL of alcohol with enough water to make 288 mL of solution? II.

Molarity (M) = moles of solute Liter of soln. 1. What is the molarity of an aqueous solution that contains 18.2 g NaCl dissolved in 264 mL of the solution? 2. How many grams of NaCl are contained in 1.00 L of the solution from the previous problem?

Name ____________________________________ Date ____________ Period ____ 3. What is the molarity of a solution is made by dissolving 17.0 g of lithium chloride (LiCl) in enough water to make 387mL of the solution? 4. Calculate the molarity of a water solution of CaCl2, given that 5.04 L of the solution contains 612 g of CaCl2. III.

Diluting a Solution M1V1 = M2V2 1. You are asked to make 0.879 L of 0.25M silver nitrate by diluting a stock solution of 0.675M silver nitrate. How many milliliters of the stock solution would you need to use? (Solve for V1). 2. If 55.0 mL of a 2.45 M stock solution of sucrose is diluted with water to make 168 mL of sucrose solution, what is the molarity of the final solution?

3. What volume, in milliliters, of a 1.15M stock solution of potassium nitrate is needed to make 0.75 L of 0.578 M KNO3? Name _____________________________________ Date______________ Period ________ Interpreting a Solubility Curve 1) Which salt is the most soluble at 20℃? 2) Which compound is the least soluble at 70℃? 3) Which compound shows the least change in solubility between ℃?

4) How many grams of NH4Cl is needed to make a saturated solution at 80℃? 5) How many grams of KClO3 can dissolve at 30℃? 6) If a saturated solution of KClO3 is cooled from 80℃ to 50℃, how much solid will precipitate out of solution? 7) If 98 g of KNO3 is dissolved in 110 g of water at 60℃, is the solution unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated? 8) If 90 g of NaNO3 is dissolved in 100 g of water at 40℃, is the solution unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated?

9) If 20 g of KClO3 is dissolved in 100 g of water at 50℃, is the solution unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated? 10) Which compound decreases in solubility as temperature increases? Name _______________________________________ Date ______________ Class Period ______ Gas Law Problems Directions: This MUST be handwritten. For each problem, write the formula, list variables and values with units, substitute values into the formula, including units, solve and include the correct # sig. figs. and units. Submit with your name on your paper and your I.D.

Do not cover up any work. INFORMATION FOR GAS LAWS PROBLEMS Units of Pressure: 1 atm = 760.0 mm Hg = 101.3 kPa= 760 .0 torr STP = Standard Temperature and Pressure, (0 ℃ and 1 atm) For all Gas Laws problems, temperature must be in Kelvin: K = â—¦C + 273 If you are to report a final answer in degrees Celsius, use this calculation: °C = K - 273 Boyle’s Law: When temperature is held constant, pressure and volume are inversely proportional. As volume increases, pressure decreases, and as volume decreases, pressure increases. P1V1= P2V2 You will always be given 3 of the 4 variables. Read the problem carefully.

P1 = initial (starting) pressure V1 = initial (starting) volume P2 = final pressure V2 = final volume 1) What pressure is required to compress 196.0 liters of air at 1.00 atmosphere into a cylinder whose volume is 26.0 liters? 2) A 40.0 L tank of ammonia has a pressure of 12.7 kPa. Calculate the volume of the ammonia if its pressure is changed to 8.4 kPa while its temperature remains constant. Charles’ Law: When pressure is held constant, volume and temperature are directly proportional. *If temperature increases, volume increases, and if temperature decreases, volume decreases. Formulas: use either of the following formulas for Charles’ Law problems.

V1 = initial (starting) volume T1 = initial (starting) temperature (in Kelvin) V2 = final volume T2 = final temperature (in Kelvin) 3) A container containing 5.00 L of a gas is collected at 100 K and then allowed to expand to 20.0 L. What must the new temperature be in order to maintain the same pressure (as required by Charles' Law)? Name _______________________________________ Date ______________ Class Period ______ 4) A gas occupies 900.0 mL at a temperature of 27.0 °C. What is the volume at 132.0 °C? Gay-Lussac’s Law: When volume is held constant, the pressure of a gas increases as the temperature increases, and decreases as temperature decreases. or P1T2 = P2T1 P1 = initial (starting) pressure T1 = initial (starting) temperature (in Kelvin) P2 = final pressure T2 = final temperature (in Kelvin) 5) If a container of neon gas at 25.0 °C has a pressure of 2.50 atm, what will the pressure be if the temperature is raised to 40.0 °C ?

6) If nitrogen at 20oC and a pressure of 748 mm Hg is compressed to 725 mm Hg at constant volume, what is the new temperature? Report the final temperature in oC. Combined Gas Law: can be used to calculate any of the gas laws problems. or P1V1T2 = P2V2,T1 P1 = initial (starting) pressure V1 = initial (starting) volume T1 = initial (starting) temperature (in Kelvin) P2 = final pressure V2 = final volume T2 = final temperature (in Kelvin) 7) A gas balloon has a volume of 106.0 liters when the temperature is 45.0 °C and the pressure is 740.0 mm of mercury. What will its volume be at 20.0 °C and 780 .0 mm of mercury pressure? Name _______________________________________ Date ______________ Class Period ______ 8) If 10.0 liters of oxygen at STP are heated to 512 °C, what will be the new volume of gas if the pressure is also increased to 1520.0 mm of mercury?

Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT P = pressure (atm or kPa) V = volume (L) n = moles *R = constant T = Temperature (K) *If pressure is given in atm, use R = 0.0821 L*atm/(K*mol) *If pressure is given in kPa, use R =8.31 L*kPa /(K*mole) Use the ideal gas law, and the universal gas constant to solve the following problems: 9) What is the temperature of 4.0 moles of a gas at a pressure of 5.60 atm and a volume of 12.0 liters? 10) Calculate the moles of gas at a pressure of 121.6 kPa, a volume of 31.0 liters, and a temperature of 87.0 oC.

Paper for above instructions

Student Name
Institution
ACC 5301 Management Applications of Accounting
Instructor
Date
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Abstract
The paper analyzes the financial statements of two related companies to compare and contrast their accounting practices. Using the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), major differences in the presentation of financial data are examined. The study also investigates international factors that can influence product costs and compliance issues relevant to regulatory standards impacting these businesses. Conclusively, insights into the financial health of both companies are drawn, culminating in recommendations for management on accurate cost data interpretation and the importance of adhering to international accounting standards.
Introduction
Financial reporting serves a critical role in business management, allowing for informed decision-making and fostering transparency between companies and their stakeholders (Hendriksen & Breda, 2020). The significance of accurate financial data cannot be overstated, especially in multinational corporations operating under different accounting standards. This paper aims to compare two related companies—Company A and Company B—by investigating their financial statements, analyzing their differences and the resulting implications for managerial decision-making. Furthermore, the analysis extends to international factors affecting product costs in light of the global market and compliance issues related to regulatory requirements. As globalization continues to impact economic landscapes, this study emphasizes the importance of understanding these dynamics in financial reporting.

Part 1: Financial Statement Comparison

Business Selection
Company A: Coca-Cola Company
Location: Atlanta, Georgia
Accounting Standards: US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)
Company B: Nestlé S.A.
Location: Vevey, Switzerland
Accounting Standards: International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
Differences in Financial Data Presentation
1. Revenue Recognition
Coca-Cola recognizes revenue at the point of sale or shipment, while Nestlé incorporates a model based on customer purchases and subsequent sales returns, leading to variations in reported revenue figures.
2. Consolidation Methods
Coca-Cola consolidates its subsidiaries based on the control model under US GAAP, whereas Nestlé adopts the equity method for joint ventures if it exerts significant influence over entities, which impacts the representation of earnings from partnerships.
3. Measurement of Assets and Liabilities
Coca-Cola employs historical cost as its primary measurement basis for both assets and liabilities, while Nestlé occasionally uses fair value measurements for certain financial instruments, impacting their balance sheet presentation.
In evaluating which set of financial statements is more user-friendly for management, Nestlé’s IFRS financial statements stand out due to their clarity in revenue recognition and comprehensive notes that elaborate on complex financial transactions.

Part 2: International Factors

1. Tariffs and Trade Policies
Tariffs imposed on imported raw materials can significantly affect the cost of production, especially for Nestlé, which sources ingredients globally. Such barriers can create volatility in pricing structures and require adjustments to cost management strategies (World Trade Organization [WTO], 2021).
2. Currency Exchange Rates
Fluctuations in currency values can influence the profitability of both companies. A stronger dollar against foreign currencies can make Coca-Cola's products more expensive abroad, reducing demand (Ding, 2022).
3. Labor Costs and Regulations
Varying labor laws across countries impact the cost of production. If labor regulations in regions where Coca-Cola operates tighten, this may lead to increased operational costs compared to areas with more relaxed labor laws.

Part 3: Compliance and Regulatory Issues

In examining compliance and regulatory issues, it becomes clear that both companies face varying challenges that directly impact production costs:
- Health and Safety Regulations
Compliance with stringent health and safety standards required by jurisdictions can significantly contribute to operational costs—particularly for Nestlé, which must adhere to food safety requirements (Food and Drug Administration [FDA], 2021).
- Environmental Regulations
Both Coca-Cola and Nestlé must navigate complex environmental legislation impacting production processes, packaging waste management, and natural resource utilization. Failure to comply can lead to heavy fines and reputational damage.
- Pricing Regulations
Price controls in certain jurisdictions can restrict the ability of both companies to adjust pricing freely, affecting profit margins and cost recovery pathways.

Conclusions and Recommendations

The analyses demonstrate key differences in the financial reporting of Coca-Cola and Nestlé, largely influenced by the differing accounting frameworks they adhere to. Nestlé’s IFRS approach offers greater transparency, particularly in revenue recognition, enhancing managerial insights and facilitating informed decision-making.
To improve managerial effectiveness, organizations are advised to leverage IFRS principles where applicable, ensuring consistency and comparability in financial presentations across borders. Additionally, firms should remain vigilant regarding international economic factors influencing costs and regulations, allowing them to adapt strategies in an ever-evolving global landscape.

Referencing Section

1. Ding, S. (2022). Foreign Exchange Rates: Implications for International Trade. Journal of International Business.
2. Food and Drug Administration. (2021). Food Safety Regulations for Manufacturers. Retrieved from [FDA.GOV](https://www.fda.gov)
3. Hendriksen, E. S., & Breda, M. F. (2020). Accounting Theory. Homewood: Irwin.
4. Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2021). Marketing Management. Pearson.
5. International Financial Reporting Standards Foundation. (2021). Introduction to IFRS. Retrieved from [IFRS.org](https://www.ifrs.org)
6. Thomas, J. A. (2022). Understanding GAAP vs. IFRS: Implications for Financial Reporting. The Accounting Review.
7. World Trade Organization. (2021). Trade Policies Review: Summary of Findings. Retrieved from [WTO.org](https://www.wto.org)
8. Harris, T. S., & Muller, K. A. (2021). The Impact of Regulatory Compliance on Cost Structures. Management Science.
9. Sullivan, M. F., & Arcangel, R. J. (2020). Accounting Standards and International Business. Journal of International Finance.
10. Zohar, E., & Besharov, M. (2021). Global Accounting versus Local Norms: Challenges for International Firms. The International Journal of Accounting.
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This paper systematically offers a comprehensive comparison of financial statements while providing insight into international factors affecting businesses, especially in today’s global market, standing true to the importance of effective financial reporting in management applications.