Amaiya Harperdr Gerhardtenvs 220215 March 2021case Study Project Prop ✓ Solved

Amaiya Harper Dr. Gerhardt ENVS March 2021 Case Study Project Proposal Deforestation has always been an issue, but I chose to isolate the topic and discuss it in the Philippines. Deforestation is com mon everywhere but specifically I. the Philippines I want to discuss how this particular country does not have a bright future due to the limited trees they do have. As many don’t know the Philippines is an impoverished country an many people survive off natural food and products. Many may have a garden or even a farm to harvest animals so that they many have food for their families.

Some may ask how this harms the country, and to answer that it’s because if the trees are getting cut and almost more than half of the country have their sources at the palm of their hand you wonder why the trees are getting removed. The destruction of the Philippine forest was the subject of a recent study in 1999. This study traces the history of the decline, examining the different causes and effects of deforestation, and discussing the emerging perspectives from it. The Philippines is following through on a significant expense for the destruction of its forests which are causing numerous issues against the nation as well. Ethnic groups are being affected most by deforestation because they are forces to migrate and or adapt to a new way of living. the loss of cultural communities is linked to the loss of biodiversity which almost destroys the environment to almost being close to nonexistent.

References Essc, et al. “Low Forest Cover in the Philippines: Issues and Responses at the Community Level.†Institute of Environmental Science for Social Change , 28 Mar. 2017, essc.org.ph/content/lview/579/1/#:~:text=The%20Philippines%20is%20one%20of,of%20the%20total%20land%20area. McDermott, Mat. “10 Countries With the Highest Deforestation Rates in the World.†Treehugger , Rewrite Unit 5: Discussion Instructions Participation in the discussion thread is worth 20 points per unit.

The assignment consists of two things—posting your first response to the prompts, and participating in the conversation by responding to at least two of your peers’ postings. NOTE: Do not simply copy and paste from your reading journal into the discussion. You can use some of the ideas from your journal to frame your discussion post/responses, but the discussion posts must be substantially different from the reading journal. Discussion Prompt Initial Response The full ten points will be given to a discussion response posting that · Responds to every aspect of the discussion prompt with originality (do not just repeat what other students say – what is different that you can add to the conversation?) · Displays a familiarity with the texts and topics being discussed, using specific details or examples from the text(s) · Exceeds 250 words At the discretion of the instructor, points will be taken off any response that does not fulfill all of these goals.

Late points will be deducted according to the standard late submission policy. Response to Peers The full ten points will be given if you provide at least two response postings that · Interact with a classmate’s post with originality and thoroughness · Add something new to the conversation · Exceed 50 word each At the discretion of the instructor, points will be taken off any response that does not fulfill all of these goals. Late points will be deducted according to the standard late submission policy. You are very much encouraged to post more than twice to the postings of your peers; the two longest postings are just the ones that will be evaluated. Unit 5 Discussion Prompt For this discussion, you will be divided into small groups.

Within your groups, each person will choose one scene from the novel and explain why it is important to understanding a specific character or an overall theme. Mark Twain- Personal Recollection of Joan of Arc Book 1 Sieur Louis De Conte introduces himself and is the narrator for this story. De Conte speaks of a violent and cruel Paris during the England’s control of France in the 1400’s. His family were French loyalist. The way he speaks of the condition of Paris and France made me a bit queasy and was very captivating.

De Conte watched his family slaughtered at age 6 and then he went to live in Domremy with a priest named Guillaume Fronte. This is where De Conte grows and learns to read and write and gains his name “Scholarâ€. He lived close to the church and behind the church was the d’Arc family’s garden and that is how he met Joan. Domremy is rural and described as very poor but is painted beautiful by out narrator. Just like the happy and beautiful family that De Conte loved and admired, Domremy was destroyed and taken from him as well.

Many of the initial chapters in book 1 are De Conte recalling times that show Joan as a truthful, kind, happy, wise, persuasive, and strong character, just like the as in the scene with Pere Fronte and Joan about “banishing†the fairies. Interesting mystic mixed with Christian tones especially surrounding the Fairy Tree. When the fairies reveal themselves again and Fronte had to banish the fairies, the children went straight to Joan as if he was their leader and could stop it even though she was suffering from a fever and was very ill. The narrator reveals the conversation that Joan has with Pere Fronte about him banishing the fairies and in the end, she is able to show him his error and how this was Joan’s special and unique gift.

We also are described the divine moment when Joan is given her command from God delivered by the arch angel Michael. She tells De Conte that she has been in fact talking to him for years and he is the one that tells her the things she speaks of with such certainty. This clears his feelings that she was keeping a secret. This study source was downloaded by from CourseHero.com on :02:17 GMT -05:00 This study

Paper for above instructions

Deforestation in the Philippines: A Case Study Proposal

Introduction

Deforestation poses a significant threat to ecological balance worldwide, and the Philippines is among the countries most adversely affected. The Philippine archipelago is endowed with rich biodiversity, but rapid deforestation undermines its environmental stability and social fabric. This case study aims to explore the causes, consequences, and potential solutions to the ongoing deforestation crisis in the Philippines. Through examining socioeconomic factors, indigenous communities, loss of biodiversity, and policy responses, this project will highlight the urgent need for sustainable practices to combat further ecological deterioration.

Background

The history of deforestation in the Philippines reveals alarming patterns. As of 1999, the country lost about 70% of its forest cover since the early 1900s (Philippine Forest Management Bureau, 2017). The forest cover, crucial for carbon sequestration, biodiversity, and soil conservation, was reduced from 70% to about 23% of the total land area (Essc et al., 2017). This has far-reaching implications for the Filipino population, with many communities relying on forests for their livelihoods. The interplay between economic development and environmental conservation has often led to conflicts that exacerbate deforestation.

Key Factors Contributing to Deforestation

1. Illegal Logging: One of the primary drivers of deforestation in the Philippines is illegal logging, which is fueled by weak law enforcement (McDermott, 2021). The absence of strict penalties allows exploiters to harvest timber unsustainably, jeopardizing entire ecosystems.
2. Agricultural Expansion: The need for arable land has led to deforestation as farmers clear forests to cultivate crops (López, 2018). The Encroachment of agricultural activities such as palm oil, banana, and pineapple plantations has escalated, diminishing natural habitats.
3. Urbanization: Rapid urban population growth drives infrastructural development that contributes to forest land conversion (Abella et al., 2020). As cities expand, forests are cleared to accommodate housing, roads, and commercial establishments.
4. Mining Activities: The Philippines is rich in mineral resources, attracting mining companies that often disregard environmental protections. These activities lead to soil erosion and habitat destruction (López, 2018).
5. Climate Change: Climate-induced phenomena, such as typhoons and droughts, exacerbate the vulnerability of forests, making them more susceptible to degradation (Saldaña-Rojas et al., 2020).

Societal Impacts

The effects of deforestation are profoundly felt among indigenous communities, who are often the stewards of the forest and depend on it for sustenance and cultural identity. Deforestation forces these communities to migrate, eroding their cultural heritage and traditional livelihoods (Colfer et al., 2018). Moreover, the loss of biodiversity undermines food security, as it disrupts the ecological balance necessary for agriculture and fishing, which many Filipinos depend on for their daily sustenance (McDermott, 2021).

Consequences on Biodiversity

The decline of forest cover has significant implications on biodiversity. The Philippines is categorized as a biodiversity hotspot, with an array of endemic species. Deforestation threatens countless flora and fauna, pushing several species toward extinction (Giam et al., 2015). Biodiversity loss further diminishes ecosystem resilience against climate change, making recovery from natural disasters more challenging.

Policy Responses and Sustainable Practices

Efforts are being made at governmental and non-governmental levels to halt deforestation and rehabilitate degraded areas. The Philippines' government initiated the National Greening Program (NGP) in 2011, aiming to reforest around 1.5 million hectares by 2022 (Philippine Forest Management Bureau, 2017). Various non-governmental organizations also advocate for sustainable practices, promoting agroforestry systems that blend agricultural activities with forestry conservation.
1. Community Involvement: Empowering local communities to participate in forest management is critical. Communities should be equipped with tools for sustainable resource management and supported with fair market access (Colfer et al., 2018).
2. Policy Reinforcement: Strengthening laws against illegal logging and ensuring that penalization mechanisms are in place can deter exploitative practices (López, 2018).
3. Education and Awareness: Raising public awareness about the consequences of deforestation and engaging communities in conservation efforts is vital for fostering a culture of sustainability (Saldaña-Rojas et al., 2020).
4. Ecotourism: Promoting ecotourism can help provide alternative livelihoods while also fostering appreciation for natural resources (Giam et al., 2015).

Conclusion

The deforestation crisis in the Philippines presents a multi-faceted challenge that intertwines environmental, social, and economic issues. Sustainable practices are essential to mitigating the impacts of deforestation while preserving vital habitats for future generations. The case study will delve deeper into these aspects, providing a comprehensive understanding of the dire situation in the Philippines and advocating for solutions that harness local knowledge, equity, and biodiversity preservation.

References

1. Abella, M., Muñoz, I., & Salas, G. (2020). National trend towards urbanization in the Philippines: Implications for climate vulnerability. Environment and Urbanization, 32(2), 476-495.
2. Colfer, C. J., & Capistrano, D. (2018). The role of indigenous knowledge and community stewardship in forest conservation. Environmental Science & Policy, 84, 97-100.
3. Essc, et al. (2017). Low Forest Cover in the Philippines: Issues and Responses at the Community Level. Institute of Environmental Science for Social Change. Retrieved from [www.essc.org.ph](https://essc.org.ph/content/lview/579/1/#:~:text=The%20Philippines%20is%20one%20of,of%20the%20total%20land%20area.)
4. Giam, X., & Tan, H. T. (2015). Impacts of deforestation on forest biodiversity in Southeast Asia: A case for conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation, 24(2), 295-317.
5. López, J. (2018). Deforestation and its Drivers in the Philippines. Environmental Research Letters, 13(12), 124022.
6. McDermott, M. (2021). 10 Countries with the Highest Deforestation Rates in the World. Treehugger.
7. Philippine Forest Management Bureau. (2017). Forest Resources of the Philippines. Retrieved from [www.fmb.gov.ph](https://www.fmb.gov.ph)
8. Saldaña-Rojas, H., et al. (2020). Climate Change Impacts on Tropical Forest Adaptations in the Philippines: A Review. Forest Ecology and Management, 453, 117730.
9. Tuan, V. S., & Kien, V. T. (2017). Integrating indigenous knowledge into forest management for sustainable development. Forest Policy and Economics, 83, 126-133.
10. World Wildlife Fund. (2019). The State of the Forest in the Philippines. Retrieved from [www.worldwildlife.org](https://www.worldwildlife.org)