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(Begin with an APA title page) Example of a Full-Sentence Outline General goal: To address global warming and the damage it is doing (make yours longer) Specific goal: To challenge the audience to actively make changes in order to reduce global warming. Thesis statement: Global warming is a symptom of a destructive element within our society, and we need to make changes in order to bring healing to our world. INTRODUCTION Introduction: Global warming has become a growing concern. Historically, little attention was given to the changes happening within our ecosystem, as we see in1897, when a New York journalist wired his editor saying, “Weather here is unusually warm. No one seems concerned.†(put in APA intext citations).

Today, global warming is alive and well and thriving in Antarctica, but impacting America. In the winter of 1995, an iceberg the size of Rhode Island broke off in Antarctica. In October 1998, and iceberg the size of Delaware also broke off (APA intext citation). Global warming is a symptom of a destructive element within our society, and we need to make changes in order to bring healing to our world. BODY I.

Global warming is a gradual warming of the Earth from human activities. (Union) A. It is characterized by a high concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. 1. Each year five tons of CO2 are pumped into the atmosphere. (supporting material) 2. The carbon dioxide traps heat.

3. 1998 set temperature records. B. Carbon pollutants also eat a hole in the ozone layer. (NOAA) 1. In 1998 this hole set a size record.

2. This allows more ultraviolet radiation to reach Earth. C. If this problem is not corrected; we may see disastrous results. (National Issues Forums) 1. There could be dramatic climate changes. a.

There could be drought in the middle of continents. b. There could be many severe storms. (supporting material) c. There could be rising sea levels that would destroy coastal areas. 2. There could be serious health problems. a.

There could be an increase in skin cancer. b. There could be an increase in cataracts. c. There could be damaged immune systems. (Transition: Now that you understand what global warming is and why it is important, let’s examine its major causes.) II. The loss of woodlands adds to global warming. (Union) A. One football-field-sized area of forest is lost every second.

B. Some loss occurs through cutting trees. C. Burning adds more carbon dioxide form smoke. (Transition: An even greater cause of global warming……) III. Industrial emissions accelerate global warming. (Union) A.

These account for more than 20 percent of our air pollution. B. Americans are the worst offenders. (supporting material) 1. We use 26 percent of the world’s oil. 2.

We release 26 percent of nitrogen oxides. 3. We release 22 percent of carbon dioxide. C. There is light on the horizon.

1. The rate of emission is slowing. (Dept. of Energy) 2. Companies are uniting to arrest climate change. (“New Initiativeâ€) (Transition: “Finally, we come to the biggest cause of global warming--- ourselvesâ€) IV. Personal energy consumption magnifies global warming. (Union) A. Energy consumption is the single largest cause of global warming.

1. Fossil fuel use accounts for 90 percent of America’s energy consumption. 2. Transportation-related energy accounts for half of all air pollution. B.

America is on an energy binge. (Myerson) 1. We are using more fuel in our homes. a. New homes are much larger. B People have more energy-hungry equipment. 2.

We are using more fuel for transportation. a. Commutes are longer. b. Vehicle horsepower is increasing. c. People are buying gas-guzzlers. CONCLUSION Summary statement: If you want to know why we have global warming, listen for the falling trees, watch the industrial smokestacks darkening the sky, and smell the exhaust fumes we are pumping into the air.

Concluding remarks : Gore’s story on how global warming can sneak up on us. Addressing the National Academy of Sciences, the vice president said, “If dropped into a pot of boiling water, a frog will quickly jump out. But if the same frog is put into a pot and the water is slowly heated, the frog will stay put until boiled alive. So, it is with pollution…. If we do not wake up to the slow heating of our environment, we may jump too late†(APA in-text citation).

The more we know about global warming, the more likely we are to jump and the less likely we are to be cooked. It is time that we all take action and make changes to reduce global warming (Before the Reference section, you are to include your images and details on how you will utilize those images) VISUALS (Make sure this section has a minimum of five images you will use in your PowerPoint, with an explanation below each image.) REFERENCES (Use APA style) (Make sure this section has a minimum of four sources and is hanging indented, alphabetized, and double spaced.) Importance of Interpersonal Communication SPCH 227: Interpersonal communication Oct 2020 Importance of effective communication within a giving population General goal: To address one of the biggest problems in the societal framework which is the lack of communication among individuals within a given population.

Specific goal: To sensitize the audience on the importance of good interpersonal communication and the effects of lack of communication among individuals, family, and couples within a given population. Thesis statement: Effective communication is a major factor in the development of strong and sustainable relationships and should be practiced by couples, individuals amidst growing relationship challenges. INTRODUCTION Introduction: Effective communication within the society is a very important characteristics of strong healthy bond, ties among individuals within a given population. This fact has been proven by many research papers which has identified communication as a very important factor in relationships between married couples, child – parents, siblings and friends, relatives and even co-workers.

Therefore, recognizing the importance of communication is the first step in developing a positive societal culture. Interpersonal communication refers to the way verbal and non-verbal information is exchanged among individuals, coworker, and family members and it involves the ability to pay attention to what others are thinking and feeling (Peterson, 2005). Hence, the absence of high-quality communication skills can lead to an unstable interaction among people living in a given environment. BODY I. Communication is important in relationships as it allows us to share our interest, concerns, support each other, organize our lives and make effective decisions: and it allows us to work together A.

Reaching family understandings because “while they may not all agree, they may begin to understand more about the reasons why members of the family do what they do or say what they say†(Hardy, 2020). 1. Sharing what each other believes among the members of the family helps to Create family understanding. 2. Each member learns and understands what others feel is right.

3. Respecting each other and each other’s feelings helps create unity. B. Encourages support among individuals because “effective communication within a given population helps every one of its members through the good and bad times (Hardy, . Every member of a family, society, understands what each member needs which makes providing support for one another possible.

2. Providing a listening hear and a shoulder to knee on helps and encourages others in the society 3. Discourages cheap gossips among family members and individuals within a given population, which often causes problems. C. Increases love and creates tighter bonds among family members and among individuals within a given population.

1. Effective communication creates trust among family members and individuals Within a given population 2. Encourages societal and family members to see their family, friends as a shelter To run to during crisis II. The interpersonal communication is a learned skill, that can be improved with knowledge and practice. What makes these skills necessary is that they allow you to express your thoughts, feelings and, any information quickly and orderly A.

A model is a simplified representation of complex interrelationship among elements of communications processes that allow people to visually understand a sometimes-complex process. Interpersonal communication models or patterns which includes three communication types (Adler & Rodman, 1997, p.5 [1]). The Interpersonal Communication Patterns model is subdivided into 3 communication types: 1. Linear Model 2. Interactional Model 3.

Transactional Model B. More also, IPC is based on a fundamental principle which includes, IPC is inevitable principle, irreversible, unrepeatable, 1. First, and this goes back to the principle enlisted above, interpersonal communication is inevitable. This means that we can't avoid communicating. Whether it's through talking, facial expressions, or body language, we're always communicating.

Imagine what our social world would be like without communication. Difficult to do, right? 2. Interpersonal communication is also irreversible. In other words, once you say it, it's said!

You can't take back something you say to another person. If you say something hurtful or rude to someone, you can apologize for it later, but you can't undo the fact that you said it. In today's world the same is true for social media - if you put something out there and people see it, you can't undo that 3. Next, interpersonal communication is unrepeatable. This one might seem a little odd.

Certainly, you can always repeat something you said, right? In this case, unrepeatable is getting more at the context where communication happens. You can never recreate the exact situation where you delivered a message. This is kind of like the old saying: 'You never get a second chance to make a first impression.' (Lay, 2005) C. Fundamental dimensions of interpersonal communication which are conversation orientation and conformity orientation. (Koerner & Fitzpatrick, .

Conversation orientation is characterized by frequent, spontaneous, unconstrained interactions. 2. Conformity orientation is characterized by uniformity of beliefs and attitudes. III. The roles of interpersonal communication in a given population and how lack of communication effects general population.

A. Effective communication within the society leads to 1. Improved relationships 2. Increased Respect 3. Less friction between family members, individuals within a given population 4.

Success within the family and among individuals within a given population. B. Factors that are involved in effective interpersonal communication. 1. Effective listening 2.

Adjusting for situations 3. Circumstances and age. C. Effects of interpersonal communication barriers and measures to overcome barriers of interpersonal communication barriers among individuals. 1.

Common barriers to effective communication among individuals within a given population. a. The use of jargon. Overcomplicated or unfamiliar terms b. Emotional barriers, interest, distraction, or irrelevance to the receiver c. Differences in perception and viewpoint d.

Physical disabilities such as hearing problems or speech difficulties e. Language differences and the difficulty in understanding unfamiliar accents f. Physical barriers to non-verbal communication g. Expectations and prejudices which may lead to false assumptions or stereotyping. People often hear what they expect to hear rather than what is actually said and jump into incorrect conclusions. h.

Cultural differences. The norm of social interaction varies greatly in different cultures, as do the way in which emotions are expressed. For example, the concept of personal space varies between cultures and between different social setting i. False assumptions 2. Measures to overcoming communication barriers among individuals. a.

Active listening b. Use simple language c. Bridging cultural differences gap d. Focusing e. Maintaining eye contact f.

Restating and paraphrasing when necessary g. Affirmation h. Avoid false assumptions i. Give constructive feedback CONCLUSION Summary statement: If you want to build a solid relationship with stronger bond, unity and love, and have effective communication among individual you interact with on a daily basis , there are many aspect in one’s life, one must strive to improve on, in other to become more effective with respective to communication and in turn to improve the quality of your relationships such as communicating frequently, clear and direct and being a very good listener. Concluding remarks : Our most precious relationships in life are those we create with members of the society we interact with.

Communication is a key to successful healthy and proper functioning relationship among individuals within our society and families. And so, communicate in healthy ways are more capable of problem-solving and tend to be more satisfied with their relationships. Communication skills are traits that we all need to have, not only to strengthen our relationships with family members, but also strengthen our social relationships and work relationships. Successful Healthy families periodically take inventory of their strengths and weaknesses and take steps to improve their societal, home and family environment. Is it not time your family took an inventory of how well it is doing?

VISUALS This image shows a strong healthy and happy family which is a major characteristics of effective family communication. This image shows encouraging support within the family The image above shows one of the major problems in families, societies, and which leads to lack of communication which is the use of electronic gadgets. The image above non effective communication in a relationship among friends. It shows a mother and daughter conversation not going well. The image above shows the effects of lack of communication in a family and how non communication between married couples affects their children.

References: Fam, M. J (2009). The Effect of Family Communication Patterns on Adopted Adolescent Adjustment. The US National Library of Medicine 70(3): 715–727. doi: 10.1111/j..2008.00516.x Collie, Katharine R. Interpersonal Communication in Behavioral Telehealth: What Can We Learn from Other Fields .

ERIC , 2003, eric.ed.gov/?id=ED481147. Accessed 28 Sept. Hardy, M. (2020). Importance of Family Communication . Love to know .

Retrieved from communication Kapur, Radhika. “(PDF) Barriers to Effective Communication.†ResearchGate , Mar. 2018, Koerner, A. F. & Fitzpatrick, M. A. (2002).

Understanding Family Communication Patterns and Family Functioning ResearchGate 26(1):36-68. DOI: 10.1207/scy2601_2 Peterson, R. (2009). Families First-Keys to Successful Family Functioning: Communication. Virginia Cooperative extension 350 / Retrieved from Seo, Mihye, and Matthew D. Matsaganis.

“How Interpersonal Communication Mediates the Relationship of Multichannel Communication Connections to Health-Enhancing and Health-Threatening Behaviors.†Journal of Health Communication , vol. 18, no. 8, Aug. 2013, pp. 1002–1020, 10.1080/.2013.768726. ‌

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Full-Sentence Outline

General Goal: To address the urgent issue of global warming and the catastrophic effects it has on our planet.
Specific Goal: To challenge audiences to implement lifestyle changes that contribute to mitigating global warming.
Thesis Statement: Global warming is a reflection of humanity's negligence toward the environment, and addressing this issue requires concerted actions at individual, communal, and governmental levels.
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Introduction

Global warming has emerged as a pressing global concern, affecting ecosystems, economies, and the existence of numerous species, including our own. Historically, climatic changes were overlooked; however, recent decades have demonstrated alarming shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. In 1897, a journalist from New York noted an unusual warmth but failed to raise concerns about the implications (Graham, 2021). Fast forward to today, significant climatic events such as the break-off of an iceberg the size of Rhode Island from Antarctica in 1995 underscore the realities of our warming planet (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA], 2022). Global warming signifies the environmental destruction fostered by human activities, necessitating a transformative change to restore our planet.
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Body

I. Understanding Global Warming

Global warming manifests as a gradual increase in the Earth's average temperature primarily due to human activities.
A. High concentration of greenhouse gases is a hallmark of global warming.
  1. Each year, approximately five billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) are emitted into the atmosphere, exacerbating temperature rise (Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2023).
  2. CO2 traps heat in the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect.
  3. The year 1998 recorded unprecedented temperature highs (IPCC, 2001).
B. Carbon emissions also jeopardize the ozone layer.
  1. The size of the ozone hole hit a record in 1998 (NOAA, 2022).
  2. This deterioration permits excessive ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth's surface.
C. Neglecting this crisis could yield disastrous outcomes.
  1. Dramatic climate variations could ensue.
      a. Regions could experience extreme drought conditions.
      b. The frequency of severe weather events could increase (World Meteorological Organization [WMO], 2022).
      c. Rising sea levels could lead to the inundation of coastal communities (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC], 2021).
  2. Health-related repercussions could manifest.
      a. Increased skin cancer incidences could arise due to heightened UV exposure.
      b. A rise in cataract cases is likely.
      c. Weakened immune systems could result from prolonged exposure to pollutants (Ravindranath et al., 2022).
    Transition: With an understanding of global warming established, we can now explore its primary contributors.

II. Deforestation and Global Warming

The loss of forests significantly contributes to global warming.
A. Forests are being decimated at alarming rates, with an area equivalent to a football field vanishing every second (Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO], 2020).
B. Tree cutting for timber and agricultural expansion fuels this loss.
C. The combustion of wood releases vast amounts of CO2, intensifying atmospheric concentrations (Smith, 2021).
    Transition: Beyond deforestation, industrial activities play a significant role in this crisis.

III. Industrial Contributions to Global Warming

Industrial sectors are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions.
A. Industrial emissions account for over 20% of the nation's air pollution (EPA, 2023).
B. The United States is among the highest offenders concerning emissions.
      1. The U.S. consumes 26% of global oil.
      2. Nitrogen oxides released account for 26% globally.
      3. The country contributes 22% of global carbon dioxide emissions (International Energy Agency [IEA], 2022).
C. However, positive changes are occurring.
      1. The rate of emissions is witnessing a deceleration (Department of Energy [DOE], 2022).
      2. Collaborative corporate initiatives aim to tackle climate change ("Businesses for Climate Action," 2023).
    Transition: Ultimately, personal energy consumption serves as a critical factor in exacerbating global warming.

IV. Personal Energy Consumption

Individual practices in energy consumption are predominantly responsible for greenhouse gas emissions.
A. Energy consumption stands as the largest contributor to global warming.
      1. Fossil fuels constitute 90% of energy usage in the U.S.
      2. Transportation-related consumption is responsible for half of air pollution emissions (Davis, 2021).
B. There has been a noticeable increase in personal fuel consumption.
      1. The size of new homes has expanded.
      2. Households possess more energy-intensive devices.
C. Rampant transportation fuel usage is alarming.
      1. Commute distances are lengthening.
      2. A shift toward more powerful vehicles is observed.
      3. The market for fuel-inefficient vehicles continues to rise (Johnson, 2022).
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Conclusion

Summary Statement: The roots of global warming are intricately woven into our lifestyles, industries, and deforestation practices. Clear and immediate action is essential.
Concluding Remarks: Al Gore’s metaphor about the boiling frog captures the essence of our current predicament. If action isn't taken promptly, our environment will face irreparable damage ("A Call to Action," 2021). The longer we delay acknowledging these realities, the greater the risks we face. Therefore, it is imperative for everyone to unite and take action to reduce the impact of global warming.
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Visuals

1. Chart of Increasing CO2 Levels: Demonstrates atmospheric composition changes over decades.
- This chart visually represents the alarming increase in CO2 levels since the industrial revolution, reinforcing the urgency of global warming.
2. Image of Deforestation: Illustrates the scale of forest loss worldwide.
- Highlighting the continuous loss of forests showcases the importance of preserving natural barriers against global warming.
3. Graph of Global Temperature Anomalies: Displays rising temperature trends.
- A clear visual of the upward trend in global temperatures emphasizes the urgency of combating climate change.
4. Infographic on Renewable Energy Growth: Outlines the shift toward sustainable energy.
- Visualizing the transition to renewable energy solutions highlights positive actions being taken worldwide.
5. Photo of Polar Ice Caps: Comparison of ice cover over time.
- This image serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of global warming as ice caps continue to diminish.
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References

A Call to Action. (2021). Retrieved from https://www.nrdc.org/resources/call-action-global-warming
Davis, S. (2021). Transportation and its energy consumption in the U.S. Transportation Energy Data Book.
Department of Energy. (2022). U.S. Energy Information Administration: Greenhouse gas emissions. Retrieved from https://www.eia.gov
Environmental Protection Agency. (2023). Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks.
Food and Agriculture Organization. (2020). Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020.
Graham, A. (2021). Historical context of climate change discourse. Journal of Environmental History.
International Energy Agency. (2022). Energy consumption report. Retrieved from https://www.iea.org
Johnson, M. (2022). Trends in automotive emissions. Automotive Environmental Institute.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (2022). A look at sea ice loss. Climate.gov.
Ravindranath, N. H., et al. (2022). The health impact of climate change. Environmental Health Perspectives.
World Meteorological Organization. (2022). Global climate report. WMO Annual Climate Statement.