Case Study Analysiscase Study Analysishealth Issues Sometimes May Not ✓ Solved
Case Study Analysis Case Study Analysis Health issues sometimes may not be given the attention that is required maybe because of lack of awareness on or sufficient information about a certain disease. Understanding all the aspects of disease and the factors that surround its diagnosis is helpful for both medical professionals and patients. The purpose of this paper is to describe sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), which are major causes of infertility, inflammatory pelvic disorders (IPD) and inflammation makers, prostatitis infections, splenectomy and its importance, and finally, anemia and different kinds of anemia. Comment by Claire M. Helakoski: Clarity: I think this could be a little more confidently phrased: One reason health issues may not be given the attention that is required is because of lack of awareness…🡪what do you think?
I’ll note clarity comments in blue today. Infertility and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) such as Neisseria gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis , and other microorganisms such as Trichomonas vaginalis and Mycoplasma genitalium, are contributing factors of infertility (Tsevat et a., 2017). N. gonorrhea and C. trachomatis are the leading causes of infertility, specifically because they cause tubal inflammation. It is estimated that 90% of infertilities in the world are caused by gonorrhea (Tsevat et al., 2017). Chlamydia trachomatis infections are asymptomatic, which makes them go for long without being diagnosed and treated, ending up causing infertility by destroying the fallopian tubes through inflammation (Tsevat et al., 2017).
C. trachomatis is also associated with pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID) and accounts for 50% of PID cases in developed countries (Tsevat et al., 2017). M genitalium is a sexually transmitted organism mostly associated with urethritis in men. M. genitalium causes recurrent urethritis and is also associated with PID, TFI and ectopic pregnancy in women. T. vaginalis is a sexually transmitted pathogen that is understudied but contributes to many infertility cases, since it is linked to more than half of STDs that can be cured worldwide (Tsevat et al., 2017). Comment by Claire M.
Helakoski: Clarity: This is how we would talk or write in many venues, but it’s a more informal use of a comma than I typically see in academic writing. I suggest: ..and treated, which causes infertility… Comment by Claire M. Helakoski: Organization: I suggest adding a lead out to your paragraph here—what is the overall takeaway readers should understand in your own words? What should we understand about STIs? How do they connect to your paper’s overall purpose?
I’ll note organization comments in pink today. Inflammatory Markers in PID/STD PID is caused by various microorganisms within the vagina and is sexually transmitted. It is hard to notice when someone has PID as in most people, the symptoms are mild, but can be identified easily during doctor’s appointments and lab tests (Park et al., 2017). When diagnosing PID, it is important to know the inflammatory process that a patient lies on, either endometritis, cervicitis, peritonitis, or salpingitis (Park et al., 2017). In women with PID, white blood cells (WBC) serum is often found to be elevated (Park et al., 2017).
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), which is an inflammatory marker that is not specific and C-reactive protein (CRP), increases in the presence of PID (Park et al., 2017). With effective antibiotic therapy, CRP levels go back to normal sooner compared to ESR (Park et al., 2017). Comment by Claire M. Helakoski: Clarity: I’m not sure what you mean by “lies on†here—can you rephrase? Comment by Claire M.
Helakoski: Organization: Can you add a lead out here? What should I understand as a reader after reading through this paragraph? Prostatitis, Infections and Systemic Reactions Prostatitis is the changes in the prostate tissue that are associated with pathological inflammation and prostatitis infections that can cause acute prostatitis, chronic prostatitis, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, and asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis (Ho, 2017). Acute and chronic prostatitis are associated with urinary tract infections (UTI), with chronic prostatitis being recurrent and not easily treatable. Chronic pelvic pain syndrome is associated with severe pain in the perineum, pelvis, and genitals, while asymptomatic prostatitis does not show any signs but constitutes inflammation of the prostate glands and is mainly detected in infertility tests (Ho, 2017).
Comment by Claire M. Helakoski: APA: This seems like it needs to be cited. Comment by Claire M. Helakoski: Organization:Can you add a lead out here? Read more about Lead-Out (here), which you can read some great tips about on our blog, would enhance this section.
Splenectomy After ITP Diagnosis Comment by Claire M. Helakoski: Organization: I am confused on how ITP relates to STDs. Can you add some text to clarify the connection for readers? Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is associated with the destruction of circulating platelets which is immune-mediated and suppression of the production of more platelets (Chaturvedi et al., 2018). ITP is an immune disorder that may occur as a primary disorder or as a secondary disorder, where there are other underlying infections or conditions.
A patient would need a splenectomy after being diagnosed with ITP because to some patients, medication therapy may fail and the spleen acts as an effective place of platelets clearance, so splenectomy serves as the best therapy to achieve remission of platelets count (Chaturvedi et al., 2018). Anemia and Different Kinds of Anemia Anemia is the reduction in the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), or count of hematocrit (HCT) and red blood cells (RBC) (Turner et al., 2020). Anemia can be normocytic, macrocytic, or microcytic. Microcytic anemia is a result of iron deficiency anemia, anemia of chronic disease (AOCD), and lead poisoning (Turner et al., 2020). Normocytic anemia occurs because of renal failures, anemia of chronic disease, aplastic anemia, or myelofibrosis, among other causes.
Macrocytic anemia results from excessive alcohol intake, liver disease, hypothyroidism, folate, and vitamin B12 deficiency (Turner et al., 2020). Comment by Claire M. Helakoski: Organization: How does anemia connect to STDs? Conclusion Infertility is among the leading public health issues in the world. STDs play a big role in causing infertility in both men and women, although women are the most affected.
Inflammatory markers in PID/STD include ESR and CRP. Prostatitis is an inflammation in the prostate glands which may be caused by bacteria in urine and microorganisms from STDs or even lifestyle. Splenectomy serves as the best therapy for platelet count remission in patients with ITP. Anemia is a disease or condition of the blood in which there is a reduction of Hb or RBC. It is caused by various factors and divided into microcytic, macrocytic, and normocytic.
Comment by Claire M. Helakoski: Organization: This is a summary of your sections but it is unclear to me how each of these pieces connect—I’m still unsure how ITP connects to STDs and anemia. Your conclusion not only needs to summarize each piece, but bring your ideas together into a cohesive whole. Hi,! I enjoyed having the opportunity to work together today!
I focused mainly on organization and connecting ideas as well as clarity for today’s review. As a reader, I found all your information and paraphrasing clear—however, I wasn’t sure what to understand or take away from each section or how all the sections fit together. I’m particularly confused on how you shift from STDs to ITP and anemia, as you don’t explicitly state anywhere that these two issues are related to STDs in any way. Once you add some lead outs and transitional language to help demonstrate the connection, I think this will be a very strong draft with lots of great source information! I’d love to read a revision so we can keep working on it together.
Until then, -Claire References Chaturvedi, S., Arnold, D. M., & McCrae, K. R. (2018). Splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenia: down but not out. Blood , ), 1172–1182.
Ho, D. R. (2017). Prostate inflammation: A brief review. Urological Science , 28 (3), . Park, S.
T., Lee, S. W., Kim, M. J., Kang, Y. M., Moon, H. M., & Rhim, C.
C. (2017). Clinical characteristics of genital chlamydia infection in pelvic inflammatory disease. BMC Women's Health , 17 (1), 1-7. Tsevat, D. G., Wiesenfeld, H.
C., Parks, C., & Peipert, J. F. (2017). Sexually transmitted diseases and infertility. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology , 216 (1), 1–9. Turner, J., Parsi, M., & Badireddy, M. (2020).
Anemia. StatPearls [Internet] . Atlantic Global Corporation Armanda Williams Unit 4IP Colorado Technical University Diagnosis: AGC’s Problems and conclusions regarding the root cause AGC seems to have a problem based on employee motivation and retention issues, which leads to lack of commitment among the employees and increase the rate of employee turnover. This could raise issues of employee dissatisfaction, which in turn contribute to lower performance due attributed to low morale. This problem requires observation method, analysis, and evaluation should be conducted.
The departments of the company should be subdivided with involvement of the human resource management and employee operations. Identifying the root cause of the issue is critical determine an effective solution to the issue. In turn, this will help in identifying strengths and weaknesses in the organization and then focus on strengthening the weakness at the same time building on the strengths to make the company better (Metsà¤ranta, 2021). The style of leadership is mainly attributed to the root cause of employee dissatisfaction in many places of work. Despite the employees joining and leaving the organization, there seem not to have a concrete strategy to address the matter and to the contrary focus on training new workers and retraining reemployed workers.
This approach creates disunity because leaders do not focus on teamwork so that employees can feel they actively contribute to the organization. This becomes even worse when the leaders have a weak cultural diversity awareness, which may lead to lack of trust and overall disunity between the employees and their leaders (Asghar & Oino, 2017). To bring a solution to the human capital problem, there is need to have a strong cultural diversity appreciation program. Having a strong career growth is not enough to address this issue, but employees require having an inclusive program where every employee is respected based on the culture. This will be critical to inducing global awareness in the organization.
To ensure this is achieved employees need to have an integrative decision making where everyone can express their views. This will help in motivating the employees and enable them to perform to their level best. Intervention: Human Capital Management Strategies for AGC Given the issues of human capital that the management is facing, there is need to come up with solutions to address them in order promote smooth operations at AGC. The first step is to own the problem and come up with an appropriate solution that will diagnose the issues. Various interventions can be adopted to solve the prevailing issue.
The first intervention that I would recommend for AGC is to implement a transformative leadership strategy that will focus on a democratic style of management. This will be helpful in avoiding instances of dictatorship where the leaders only give directives without considering the views of other employees. In addition, transformative leadership style does not focus on implementing duties but also ensures that the welfare of the employees is safeguarded by maintaining respect at all levels of the company (Delgado, 2021). This is enhanced through communication and encouraging employees to perform to their level best. Secondly, it is important to have a cultural diversity awareness mechanism and ensure during induction process employees are adequately trained about culture (Asghar & Oino, 2017).
This will help in promoting appreciation of other cultures and enhance respect among the workers at all levels of the organization. Training can take the form of informing others about other cultures to ensure employee appreciate cultural diversity and ensure there is respect at all levels. Finally, I would recommend the company to have employee growth strategy that should be rolled out in the entire company. Employees can be trained and be provided with an enabling environment where they can achieve personal growth aspirations. This will enable employees to have their personal goals and work towards achieving them both at individual and organizational level.
This will translate to high performance that will enable the company to achieve its goals. Evaluation: Effectiveness of Change Management Plan To measure the effectiveness of change management plan some of the factors to put into consideration include morale of the employees. This will be assessed in terms of employee performance to determine whether the plan is successful. In addition, there should be a mechanism to determine of the premises so that as the employees grow, the environment is also improved. Another strategy to measure the effectiveness of the change management plan is through a survey conducted prior and after the implementation of the plan.
This will be helpful in comparing performance of employees before and after and assessing if the plan has been successful in inspiring employees’ performance and satisfaction. This can help in assessing whether the employees feel being part of the organization and collecting their views on what is being done. This will help in promotion of efforts which aim at ensuring respect and integration of employees at all levels of the organization. Additionally, it is important to conduct an organization assessment to see whether everyone is understood so that a structure that supports everyone is implemented. This will ensure that all the employees can present their issues freely (Delgado, 2021).
Transformative style of leadership is important to create space for innovativeness and granting employees needed freedom to suggest strategies for improving overall performance and enhance a sense of teamwork to achieve objectives. Nonetheless, there is bound to be room for improvement, which requires constant communication and ensuring an enabling work environment that will improve overall performance. References Asghar, S., & Oino, D. (2017). Leadership styles and job satisfaction. Asghar, S., & Oino, I. (2018).
Leadership Styles and Job Satisfaction, Market Forces , 13 (1), 1-13. Delgado, D. (2021). The Humanized Leader: The Transformative Power of Emotionally Intelligent Leadership to Impact Culture, Team, and Business Results. Journal of Business Studies Quarterly , 10 (3), 30-32. Metsà¤ranta, R. (2021). Creating a Plan for Identity Management During System Changes.
Paper for above instructions
Understanding Health Issues: STDs, Infertility, and AnemiaHealth issues often do not receive the required attention due to a lack of awareness or insufficient information about certain diseases. This is especially true for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) that significantly contribute to complications such as infertility and various inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, conditions like immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and anemia also have connections that merit exploration. This paper aims to shed light on STDs, their links to infertility, inflammatory markers related to pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID), and the interplay of these conditions with anemia, providing a comprehensive understanding of these interrelated health issues.
Infertility and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Sexually transmitted diseases, specifically Neisseria gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Mycoplasma genitalium, are crucial contributors to infertility (Tsevat et al., 2017). Infections caused by N. gonorrhea and C. trachomatis often lead to tubal inflammation, which significantly impacts a woman's reproductive health. Studies estimate that gonorrhea accounts for approximately 90% of global infertility cases (Tsevat et al., 2017). The asymptomatic nature of C. trachomatis infections complicates this further, allowing the disease to persist undiagnosed, leading to severe consequences such as fallopian tube damage due to chronic inflammation.
C. trachomatis is implicated in up to 50% of PID cases in developed countries and is associated with serious complications, including ectopic pregnancies and chronic pelvic pain (Tsevat et al., 2017). Additional STDs like Mycoplasma genitalium can lead to recurrent urethritis in men and also contribute to PID in women, exacerbating infertility (Tsevat et al., 2017). Despite the existence of effective treatments, raising awareness about these STDs becomes essential to mitigate their impact on reproductive health.
Inflammatory Markers in PID and STDs
Pelvic inflammatory disease represents a significant health issue stemming often from STDs. PID is challenging to diagnose as symptoms may be subtle or absent, highlighting the necessity of timely examinations and lab tests (Park et al., 2017). Understanding the inflammatory process, including conditions such as endometritis, cervicitis, peritonitis, or salpingitis, is vital in a PID diagnosis (Park et al., 2017). Elevated white blood cell (WBC) counts and inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) are critical indicators for PID (Park et al., 2017). Notably, CRP levels tend to return to baseline following effective antibiotic treatment sooner than ESR, which emphasizes the importance of timely interventions in managing PID and associated STDs.
Prostatitis Infections and Systemic Reactions
Prostatitis, an inflammation of the prostate gland, may also stem from STDs, leading to painful and chronic conditions (Ho, 2017). Prostatitis can be categorized into acute and chronic forms, both linked to urinary tract infections (UTIs) (Ho, 2017). The chronic variation poses recurrent challenges for patients, often requiring ongoing management. Asymptomatic prostatitis, although not outwardly symptomatic, can be identified during infertility evaluations, which entangles it further in the reproductive health discourse.
Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) and Splenectomy
The discussion around STDs, infertility, and inflammation may also include considerations surrounding immune disorders such as ITP. Immune thrombocytopenia is characterized by the destruction of platelets often necessitating a splenectomy when conventional treatments fail (Chaturvedi et al., 2018). Understanding ITP becomes beneficial for many patients suffering prolonged complications from various underlying conditions, including those exacerbated by STDs.
Anemia and Its Types
Anemia, defined by reduced hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), or red blood cell (RBC) counts, represents another interconnected health issue (Turner et al., 2020). Anemia can be classified into three primary types: microcytic, macrocytic, and normocytic, each with distinct causes. Microcytic anemia, often resulting from iron deficiency or chronic disease, contrasts with macrocytic anemia, which can stem from alcohol consumption or deficiencies in folate and vitamin B12 (Turner et al., 2020).
The connection between STDs and anemia may not seem apparent initially, yet chronic infections can lead to anemia, particularly in women where reproductive health issues like STDs can also influence menstrual health and overall wellbeing. This highlights the intricate web of interaction among STDs, inflammatory responses, immune disorders, and an array of blood-related conditions.
Conclusion
Infertility remains a pressing public health concern, with STDs playing an integral role in its prevalence. The presence of inflammatory markers like ESR and CRP serves to highlight significant interactions with PID, making identification and treatment vital. The relationship between STDs and prostatitis emphasizes the need for comprehensive diagnostics in men to prevent infertility. Moreover, exploring immune disorders like ITP and their treatment via splenectomy underscores the essential holistic perspectives in managing these interrelated health issues. Finally, anemia's multifaceted nature adds additional complexity to the understanding of these conditions.
Healthcare professionals and patients must work collaboratively to enhance awareness about STDs and their systemic ramifications. Education and timely medical interventions can pave the way for better health outcomes as society navigates these multifarious health challenges.
References
1. Tsevat, D. G., Wiesenfeld, H. C., Parks, C., & Peipert, J. F. (2017). Sexually transmitted diseases and infertility. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 216(1), 1-9.
2. Park, S. T., Lee, S. W., Kim, M. J., Kang, Y. M., Moon, H. M., & Rhim, C. C. (2017). Clinical characteristics of genital chlamydia infection in pelvic inflammatory disease. BMC Women's Health, 17(1), 1-7.
3. Ho, D. R. (2017). Prostate inflammation: A brief review. Urological Science, 28(3), 194-197.
4. Chaturvedi, S., Arnold, D. M., & McCrae, K. R. (2018). Splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenia: down but not out. Blood, 131(11), 1172–1182.
5. Turner, J., Parsi, M., & Badireddy, M. (2020). Anemia. StatPearls [Internet].
6. World Health Organization. (2022). Sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis)
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Chlamydia — CDC Fact Sheet. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia/stdfact-chlamydia.htm
8. Streed, C. G., & Buchta, R. (2017). Infertility and demographic trends in the United States. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 29(5), 320-325.
9. Morrison, C. S., & Lentz, G. M. (2017). Pathogenesis of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in Women. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, 44(4), 585-598.
10. Swaminathan, A., & Ananthakrishnan, R. (2018). Anemia and Inflammation – The Missing Link. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 52(9), 799-804.