Case Study: Fetal Abnormality Jessica is a 30-year-old immigrant ✓ Solved

Jessica is a 30-year-old immigrant from Mexico City. She and her husband Marco have been in the U.S. for the last three years and have finally earned enough money to move out of their Aunt Maria’s home and into an apartment of their own. They are both hard workers. Jessica works 50 hours a week at a local restaurant and Marco has been contracting side jobs in construction. Six months before their move to an apartment, Jessica finds out she is pregnant.

Four months later, Jessica and Marco arrive at the county hospital, a large, public, nonteaching hospital. A preliminary ultrasound indicates a possible abnormality with the fetus. Further scans are conducted and it is determined that the fetus has a rare condition in which it has not developed any arms, and will not likely develop them. There is also a 25% chance that the fetus may have Down syndrome. Dr. Wilson, the primary attending physician, is seeing Jessica for the first time, since she and Marco did not receive earlier prenatal care over concerns about finances.

Marco insists that Dr. Wilson refrain from telling Jessica the scan results, assuring him that he will tell his wife himself when she is emotionally ready for the news. While Marco and Dr. Wilson are talking in another room, Aunt Maria walks into the room with a distressed look on her face. She can tell that something is wrong and inquires of Dr. Wilson. After hearing of the diagnosis, she walks out of the room wailing loudly and praying aloud.

Marco and Dr. Wilson continue their discussion, and Dr. Wilson insists that he has an obligation to Jessica as his patient and that she has a right to know the diagnosis of the fetus. He furthermore is intent on discussing all relevant factors and options regarding the next step, including abortion. Marco insists on taking some time to think of how to break the news to Jessica, but Dr. Wilson, frustrated with the direction of the conversation, informs the husband that such a choice is not his to make.

Dr. Wilson proceeds back across the hall, where he walks in on Aunt Maria awkwardly praying with Jessica and phoning the priest. At that point, Dr. Wilson gently but briefly informs Jessica of the diagnosis and lays out the option for abortion as a responsible medical alternative, given the quality of life such a child would have. Jessica looks at him and struggles to hold back her tears.

Jessica is torn between her hopes of a better socioeconomic position and increased independence, along with her conviction that all life is sacred. Marco will support Jessica in whatever decision she makes, but is finding it difficult not to view the pregnancy and the prospects of a disabled child as a burden and a barrier to their economic security and plans. Dr. Wilson lays out all of the options but clearly makes his view known that abortion is scientifically and medically a wise choice in this situation. Aunt Maria pleads with Jessica to follow through with the pregnancy and allow what “God intends” to take place, and urges Jessica to think of her responsibility as a mother.

Paper For Above Instructions

The moral status of a fetus has been a contentious topic in philosophy and medicine, involving various ethical theories and the implications of those theories for decision-making. In this case study, we analyze the moral status of the fetus in light of competing ethical perspectives, focusing on the beliefs of Jessica, Marco, Aunt Maria, and Dr. Wilson.

To begin with, it is essential to identify the various ethical theories that might influence the perspectives of the characters involved in the case. One prominent perspective is the personhood theory, which posits that a being's moral status is conferred by its personhood, often characterized by consciousness, intentionality, and sentience. According to this theory, a fetus may not have moral status until it reaches a certain developmental stage, where it possesses these characteristics. In this case, Jessica and Marco would benefit from this view to rationalize a decision for abortion, given the severe fetal abnormalities and the potential suffering for both child and parents.

Utilitarianism presents another ethical lens that could influence the characters' decisions. This theory evaluates the moral status based on the potential consequences of actions. Dr. Wilson's argument for abortion hinges on this principle, claiming that it would lead to the greatest good by preventing the likely suffering of a child with potentially debilitating conditions and alleviating the burden imposed on the parents. His position is rooted in the belief that ethical decisions should maximize overall happiness and minimize suffering. Therefore, he sees abortion as a medically responsible option for Jessica.

Conversely, Aunt Maria's perspective is shaped by deontological ethics, particularly aspects of religious belief that advocate for the sanctity of all life. For her, every fetus has inherent moral worth, and the duty to protect that life is paramount. Aunt Maria’s position, deeply rooted in her faith, contrasts sharply with Dr. Wilson’s medical pragmatism, leading to a visceral appeal to Jessica’s moral responsibilities as a mother.

From Jessica’s perspective, her moral status dilemma stems from conflicting desires. On one hand, she yearns for a better socioeconomic future. On the other hand, her inherent belief in the sacredness of life complicates her feelings regarding the prospects of having a disabled child. Here lies her internal conflict: the fear of financial strain and emotional suffering juxtaposed against her cultural and ethical beliefs about motherhood.

A crucial factor in this case is the reaction and authority dynamics present between the individuals involved. Marco's insistence on not informing Jessica about the diagnosis while he concedes to the doctor's expertise illustrates a patriarchal tendency that limits Jessica's autonomy. While Marco is concerned for Jessica's emotional state, the act of withholding such significant information raises ethical questions about consent and the patient's right to know, a principle that Dr. Wilson staunchly defends.

In assessing a recommendation for action, one must consider these moral beliefs and the rights of those involved. Given that Jessica is ultimately the decision-maker regarding her body and her pregnancy, the recommendation should prioritize her informed consent. Therefore, a supportive environment must be fostered, allowing Jessica to contemplate her decision in-depth without manipulation or coercion from either family or medical personnel.

It is imperative that Jessica receives thorough counseling, ensuring that she understands the implications of all possible options, including medical, emotional, and spiritual perspectives. This approach aligns with principles of patient autonomy and informed consent, recognizing Jessica's right to make a decision reflecting her values.

In conclusion, the moral status of the fetus is multifaceted, deeply influenced by various ethical frameworks and personal beliefs of those involved. The ongoing dialogue between Jessica, Marco, and Dr. Wilson reflects broader societal concerns about disability, choice, and maternal responsibility. A balanced approach respecting Jessica's autonomy while providing comprehensive support may lead her to make a decision that is ethically sound and personally fulfilling.

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