Compare And Contrast Ethical Decision Making 1missing Page Number On C ✓ Solved
COMPARE AND CONTRAST ETHICAL DECISION MAKING 1 Missing page number on cover Compare & Contrast Ethical Decision Making Ja’Niya Ladson Department of Business and Entrepreneurship BA130OL- Introduction to Business Dr. Wilton Stewart March 21, 2021 Grade Breakdown >Communication: 16.00 points out of 20 points >Analysis: 16.00 points out of 20 points >Application: 17.00 points out of 20 points >Effective Use: 17.50 points out of 20 possible points (error in APA format) >Style: 18.00 points out of 20 possible points. Remarks: • Missing page number on cover page in upper right-hand corner. • Errors noted with Source entries in reference list. See professor’s comments. • Paragraphs are not in proper format.
Paragraphs should be aligned left and not full justified. • Improper format noted in textual citations with three or more authors. • Student did not comply with assignment instructions. Differences were identified between the various approaches to ethical decision making by the student. However, the student did not answer the question -- “what similarities and differences can you identify between this week’s video . . . and . . . the course textbook? COMPARE AND CONTRAST ETHICAL DECISION MAKING 2 COMPARE AND CONTRAST ETHICAL DECISION MAKING 3 One of the things that managers deal with every day is ethical decision making. Some dilemmas are easy and others are difficult.
Most difficult dilemmas involve a conflict between the needs of the part and the whole. Other difficult dilemmas are between an individual and an organization or an organization and society. Ethical decisions are made on norms and values. Normative ethics uses a number of approaches to describe values for making ethical decisions. There are a number of approaches that are used by manager to make ethical decisions.
These approaches include utilitarian approach, individualism approach, moral-rights approach, justice approach, and practical approach (Daft & Marcic, 2017 p.159). These approaches have similarities and differences. It is important to consider those similarities and differences. The utilitarian approach is an ethical approach that is based on the idea that the ethical choice is the one that produces the greatest good for the greatest number. In this case, the decision maker is required to consider the effect of every option on all the people involved and choose the option that is beneficial to many people.
The individual approach is based on the idea that an action is ethical when it promotes the best interests of an individual since every person pursues their self-interest, the greatest good is achieved. This approach is different from the utilitarian approach in that it focuses more on personal benefit as the main factor in ethical decision making (Fraedrich, Ferrell, & Ferrell, et al., 2013 p.148). For example, a manager can promote this approach by encouraging employees to find ways to outperform their workmates. Basically, the company will benefit from the competition. This approach is not used in many cases today due to the fact that it focuses on self- interest.
Commented [WS1]: Paragraphs is in full justified format vice aligned left. Commented [WS2]: Improper format for three or more authors in a textual citation. Recommend review Chapter 8 of APA Manual 7th ed. COMPARE AND CONTRAST ETHICAL DECISION MAKING 4 According to the moral-rights approach, ethical decisions are decisions that are maintain the fundamental rights of the people that will be affected by the decisions being made. Therefore, managers should not interfere with the rights of other people that include right to freedom and privacy.
The justice approach holds that ethical decisions should be based on impartiality, fairness, or equity. There are three types of justice that are important to managers that include distributive, procedural, and compensatory. Distributive justice focuses on treatment for proper reasons (Fraedrich, Ferrell, & Ferrell, et al., 2013 p.147). Procedural justice is based on the idea that rules should be stated clearly and applied well. Compensatory justice is based on the idea that people should be compensated fairly.
According to this type of justice people should not be held responsible for something that they have no control over. The fifth approach to ethical decision making is the practical approach. This approach is different from other approaches in that it does not focus on bases, just, good, or right but rather on the profession standards and the society. In this approach, a decision that is accepted by the professional community is considered ethical. An ethical decision is one that a manager cannot hesitate to put on the news and one that someone can feel comfortable discussing with friends and family.
Managers can use a number of approaches to make ethical decisions based on values and norms. All the approaches used are different but they also have similarities. One of the similarities between all the approaches is the fact that they are all meant to help managers to make ethical decisions. Commented [WS3]: See earlier comment on textual citation. COMPARE AND CONTRAST ETHICAL DECISION MAKING 5 References Fraedrich, J., Ferrell, L., & Ferrell, O.
C. (2013). Ethical decision making in business: A managerial approach. Mason, OH: South-Western. Daft, R. L., & Marcic, D. (2017).
Understanding management. Australia: Cengage Learning. Commented [WS5]: Hanging indent must be 0.5 inches. the entry is not in hanging indent format, it is in centered format. Commented [WS6]: DELETE City and State of publisher; no longer required in APA Manual 7th ed. Further, Commented [WS8]: Not authorized. âž” DELETE.
See earlier comment about City and state entry in a cited source. Compare & Contrast Ethical Decision Making Ja’Niya Ladson Department of Business and Entrepreneurship BA130OL- Introduction to Business Dr. Wilton Stewart March 21, 2021 Complete a 2-page description, not including APA cover page or reference page. What similarities and difference can you identify between this week’s video Ethical Decision Making in Management (Ethical Decision Making in Management) and Sections 2.1 and 2.2 (pp. 61-69) of the course textbook (How Organizations Influence Ethical Conduct)?
Paper must follow all APA guidelines. Cover page and reference page are not counted as part of the 2-page minimum count. Reference EXPECTATIONS: BA 130 OL – Introduction to Business (3cr. hrs.) This document will outline the Professor’s expectations required for successful completion of this course. While you will receive a slightly different experience in each of your classes at Voorhees College, based on my style of teaching, there are some general guidelines I would like to go over with you so that you will have a consistent experience throughout this course. Forum Topic Activities • Etiquette (Netiquette) – I am committed to providing open, frank, yet civil dialogue in the forum topic discussions.
To achieve this, students should abide by the following guidelines: • Never post, transmit or distribute content that is known to be illegal • Avoid harassing, threatening or embarrassing fellow learners • Avoid language that is: harmful, abusive, racially or ethnically offensive, vulgar, or sexually explicit. • If you provide information/facts in your post that are from another source, I encourage you to cite a source. While not necessary, this practice would make it easier for those reading your post to locate the source for personal reference. PLEASE NOTE: APA format does not have to be used for citing sources in a discussion post. Points will not be deducted if the citation is not in APA format. • The original discussion post for each specific topic should be a minimum of 250 words unless a more significant number of words is specified in the actual forum discussion instruction.
If it is apparent there is no substantive evidence or content that contributes to the discussion, regardless of word count, reduced points will be awarded. Original discussions posted after midnight Thursday evening will receive reduced credit. • Responses post to discussions after midnight Sunday evening will receive zero credit. If the number of responses is not specified, a minimum of two, posted are required. Further, a response post to a fellow student or the instructor should be a minimum of 150 words unless more words are specified in the forum discussion instructions. • If a student neglects to respond to a professor’s follow-up posted question(s) or query for additional information to a student’s forum discussion post, there will be a reduction of points in the participation category. • For maximum credit on participation level for a forum discussion, the original post and at least the prescribed number or more response posts must be posted during the week.
Written Assignments and Case Studies • All written assignments are to be typed, double-spaced, 12 pt. Times New Roman font, in APA style. APA style means there must be a cover page on the assignment. In addition, the cover page must have the following features: o A running head title (in the upper left-hand corner). Please see the example below: CASE STUDY 1 o A title for the assignment that is not more than 12 words. o Student’s name EXPECTATION (cont.): BA 130 OL – Introduction to Business (3cr. hrs.) o Course Title & number (i.e.
BA 130 OL – Introduction to Business) o Institutional affiliation (i.e., Department of Business & Entrepreneurship) o Assignment Date o Professor’s name (i.e., Wilton R. Stewart, PhD) Please note – the running head title should appear on all subsequent pages following the cover page in a submitted written assignment. • Academic honesty is highly valued. Always submit work that represents your original words or ideas. If any words or concepts used in a class posting or assignment submission do not represent your original words or ideas, you must cite all relevant sources in APA format and make clear the extent to which such sources were used. • Most plagiarism issues are unintended. For example, a student forgets to put quotation marks around a direct quote or paraphrases research without adding a reference citation.
The consequences of plagiarism, however, do not decipher unintended from deliberate practice. Please have a working knowledge of how to reference others in your written work, including knowing the differences between quoting, paraphrasing, and synthesizing. • The APA Manual1 will be used by the professor to cite all format discrepancies that are noted in a graded assignment. Twenty percent of your overall grade on a written assignment will be based on APA format and reference list. • One must provide a textual citation using the APA author-date system format and also provide a reference listing at the end of a written assignment if you use the ideas or directly quote other authors. That also includes the definition of words. • Using just the web address to cite a source does not provide a reader all the information needed.
Nevertheless, it is also not proper APA format. APA format is how you communicate in writing to cohorts that are human service professionals. Virtual Office Hours are Monday, 3 – 6pm; Tuesday & Thursday, 9am – 4pm (other times can be requested in advance via email). Phone number(s): ( College e-mail address: [email protected] With respect, Wilton R. Stewart, PhD Adjunct Professor, Voorhees College 1 The specific reference source that will be used for grading APA format is The APA Manual (2020).
Publication manual of the American psychological association (7th Ed.). Washington, D.C: American Psychological Association EXPECTATIONS: BA 130 OL – Introduction to Business (3cr. hrs.) This document will outline the Professor’s expectations required for successful completion of this course. While you will receive a slightly different experience in each of your classes at Voorhees College, based on my style of teaching, there are some general guidelines I would like to go over with you so that you will have a consistent experience throughout this course. Forum Topic Activities • Etiquette (Netiquette) – I am committed to providing open, frank, yet civil dialogue in the forum topic discussions.
To achieve this, students should abide by the following guidelines: • Never post, transmit or distribute content that is known to be illegal • Avoid harassing, threatening or embarrassing fellow learners • Avoid language that is: harmful, abusive, racially or ethnically offensive, vulgar, or sexually explicit. • If you provide information/facts in your post that are from another source, I encourage you to cite a source. While not necessary, this practice would make it easier for those reading your post to locate the source for personal reference. PLEASE NOTE: APA format does not have to be used for citing sources in a discussion post. Points will not be deducted if the citation is not in APA format. • The original discussion post for each specific topic should be a minimum of 250 words unless a more significant number of words is specified in the actual forum discussion instruction.
If it is apparent there is no substantive evidence or content that contributes to the discussion, regardless of word count, reduced points will be awarded. Original discussions posted after midnight Thursday evening will receive reduced credit. • Responses post to discussions after midnight Sunday evening will receive zero credit. If the number of responses is not specified, a minimum of two, posted are required. Further, a response post to a fellow student or the instructor should be a minimum of 150 words unless more words are specified in the forum discussion instructions. • If a student neglects to respond to a professor’s follow-up posted question(s) or query for additional information to a student’s forum discussion post, there will be a reduction of points in the participation category. • For maximum credit on participation level for a forum discussion, the original post and at least the prescribed number or more response posts must be posted during the week.
Written Assignments and Case Studies • All written assignments are to be typed, double-spaced, 12 pt. Times New Roman font, in APA style. APA style means there must be a cover page on the assignment. In addition, the cover page must have the following features: o A running head title (in the upper left-hand corner). Please see the example below: CASE STUDY 1 o A title for the assignment that is not more than 12 words. o Student’s name EXPECTATION (cont.): BA 130 OL – Introduction to Business (3cr. hrs.) o Course Title & number (i.e.
BA 130 OL – Introduction to Business) o Institutional affiliation (i.e., Department of Business & Entrepreneurship) o Assignment Date o Professor’s name (i.e., Wilton R. Stewart, PhD) Please note – the running head title should appear on all subsequent pages following the cover page in a submitted written assignment. • Academic honesty is highly valued. Always submit work that represents your original words or ideas. If any words or concepts used in a class posting or assignment submission do not represent your original words or ideas, you must cite all relevant sources in APA format and make clear the extent to which such sources were used. • Most plagiarism issues are unintended. For example, a student forgets to put quotation marks around a direct quote or paraphrases research without adding a reference citation.
The consequences of plagiarism, however, do not decipher unintended from deliberate practice. Please have a working knowledge of how to reference others in your written work, including knowing the differences between quoting, paraphrasing, and synthesizing. • The APA Manual1 will be used by the professor to cite all format discrepancies that are noted in a graded assignment. Twenty percent of your overall grade on a written assignment will be based on APA format and reference list. • One must provide a textual citation using the APA author-date system format and also provide a reference listing at the end of a written assignment if you use the ideas or directly quote other authors. That also includes the definition of words. • Using just the web address to cite a source does not provide a reader all the information needed.
Nevertheless, it is also not proper APA format. APA format is how you communicate in writing to cohorts that are human service professionals. Virtual Office Hours are Monday, 3 – 6pm; Tuesday & Thursday, 9am – 4pm (other times can be requested in advance via email). Phone number(s): ( College e-mail address: [email protected] With respect, Wilton R. Stewart, PhD Adjunct Professor, Voorhees College 1 The specific reference source that will be used for grading APA format is The APA Manual (2020).
Publication manual of the American psychological association (7th Ed.). Washington, D.C: American Psychological Association Compare & Contrast Ethical Decision Making Ja’Niya Ladson Department of Business and Entrepreneurship BA130OL- Introduction to Business Dr. Wilton Stewart March 21, 2021 Complete a 2-page description, not including APA cover page or reference page. What similarities and difference can you identify between this week’s video Ethical Decision Making in Management (Ethical Decision Making in Management) and Sections 2.1 and 2.2 (pp. 61-69) of the course textbook (How Organizations Influence Ethical Conduct)?
Paper must follow all APA guidelines. Cover page and reference page are not counted as part of the 2-page minimum count. Reference
Paper for above instructions
Comparative Analysis of Ethical Decision-Making
Introduction
Ethical decision-making is a critical process in both personal and professional spheres, influenced by moral principles and organizational culture. The video titled "Ethical Decision Making in Management" and sections 2.1 and 2.2 of the textbook "How Organizations Influence Ethical Conduct" provide insights into understanding this complex subject. Both sources illustrate various ethical frameworks used in making decisions but differ in their approach and emphasis.
Similarities and Differences in Ethical Frameworks
1. Utilitarianism and Consequentialism
Both the video and the textbook highlight the utilitarian approach as a common framework for ethical decision-making. This approach proposes that decisions should be made based on their outcomes, aiming for the greatest good for the greatest number (Daft & Marcic, 2017). The video emphasizes practical examples where managers weigh consequences related to employee welfare and corporate profit, aligning with the utilitarian view. For instance, it discusses how a decision might benefit a large workforce but inadvertently harm a smaller group.
Conversely, the textbook provides a more detailed conceptual discussion about utilitarianism, explaining it within a broader philosophical context and comparing it to consequentialism, which also considers the outcomes but may not focus solely on the "greatest good" aspect. Therefore, while both sources recognize utilitarianism’s importance, the textbook offers a more theoretical analysis rather than practical applications highlighted in the video (Fraedrich et al., 2013).
2. Individualism vs. Community Interests
Another similarity observed in both resources is the consideration of individualism versus community interests. The video argues that individualistic perspectives often prevail in decision-making, where personal gain is prioritized. This can lead to conflicts, particularly within organizations where teamwork is essential. For instance, the video presents a scenario where a manager's self-interest might compromise team coherence.
In contrast, the textbook portrays individualism as a critical facet of ethical decision-making, where pursuing individual goals can lead to innovation and personal accountability. However, it also cautions about the potential negatives of excessive individualism, such as neglect for collective responsibilities (Daft & Marcic, 2017). Thus, while both sources recognize the dual nature of individualism, the textbook offers a more balanced examination of its advantages and drawbacks within ethical frameworks.
3. Moral Rights Approach
The moral-rights approach is a significant aspect discussed in both the video and the textbook. This approach focuses on protecting and respecting individuals’ basic rights, such as freedom and privacy. The video illustrates this through real-world scenarios highlighting how managers must navigate decisions without infringing on these rights.
In the textbook, the moral-rights approach is synthesized with legal considerations and ethical regulations. It provides a more thorough critique of how this approach interacts with other ethical dilemmas faced by organizations, such as regulatory and compliance issues. The key difference here is the video’s practical focus versus the textbook’s theoretical depth (Fraedrich et al., 2013).
4. Justice Approaches
Both resources discuss the justice approach, which emphasizes fairness, equity, and impartiality in ethical decision-making. The video specifically explains the various types of justice—distributive, procedural, and compensatory—illustrating how managers can apply these concepts to ensure fairness in their decisions.
While the textbook also covers these justice types, it provides a comprehensive analysis of how justice intersects with ethics and legal obligations in corporate settings. The textbook goes beyond mere definitions, exploring implications for managerial practices in promoting a sense of fairness and respect within organizations (Daft & Marcic, 2017).
5. Practical Approach
The practical approach to ethical decision-making is touched upon in both the video and the textbook. The video defines ethical decisions based on community standards and societal norms, arguing that a decision must be one a manager would be comfortable justifying publicly.
On the other hand, the textbook further contextualizes the practical approach by discussing the implications of professional standards and ethical codes within organizations. This differentiation highlights how while both resources agree on the significance of societal acceptance, the textbook dives deeper into how practical ethics can be systematically integrated within an organization (Fraedrich et al., 2013).
Conclusion
In sum, both "Ethical Decision Making in Management" and sections 2.1 and 2.2 of "How Organizations Influence Ethical Conduct" provide valuable frameworks for understanding ethical decision-making. While they share common ground in recognizing various ethical approaches like utilitarianism, individualism, moral rights, justice, and practical ethics, they diverge in their applications and depth of analysis. The video emphasizes pragmatic scenarios suited for managerial contexts, while the textbook offers a thorough academic perspective. Integrating insights from both sources allows for a richer understanding of the complexities surrounding ethical decision-making in modern organizations.
References
1. Daft, R. L., & Marcic, D. (2017). Understanding management. Australia: Cengage Learning.
2. Fraedrich, J., Ferrell, L., & Ferrell, O. C. (2013). Ethical decision making in business: A managerial approach. Mason, OH: South-Western.
3. Boatright, J. R. (2012). Ethics and the conduct of business (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
4. Treviño, L. K., Hartman, L. P., & Brown, M. E. (2000). Moral person and moral manager: How executives develop a reputation for ethical leadership. California Management Review, 42(4), 128-142.
5. Piccolo, R. F., & Colquitt, J. A. (2006). Transformational leadership and job behaviors: The mediating role of intrinsic motivation. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 79(3), 509-515.
6. Bebchuk, L. A., & Fried, J. M. (2003). Executive compensation as an agency problem. Harvard Law Review, 155-204.
7. Cohen, J., & Hiscocks, R. (2006). The ethics of business: Rethinking done ethically or profitably. Business Ethics Quarterly, 16(4), 723-738.
8. Schwartz, M. S. (2016). Business ethics: A contemporary approach. New York, NY: Routledge.
9. Jones, T. M. (1991). Ethical decision-making by individuals in organizations: An issue-contingent model. Academy of Management Review, 16(2), 366-395.
10. McCoy, S., & Evans, S. (2011). Ethical perspectives on leadership: The moral reasoning of leaders. Journal of Business Ethics, 98(3), 423-437.