Computer Networks Please explain frames and responds Consider the following LAN structure. Initially the switch table in all switches is empty and we assume no aging out (i.e., TTL = ∞). Each number in parentheses is the interface number for each link for the switch. For example, switch S1 has four interfaces of (1), (2), (3), and (4). Also assume that the MAC address for every node is already known to every other node (so ARP does not need in this problem). a) Suppose C sends a frame to I and I responds to C immediately.

Show the switch table in S1 , S2 , S3 , and S4 , right after the communication between these two hosts. Course Resource Print MBA Discussion Guidelines Throughout the MBA program, you will be asked to participate in discussions. Assigned discussions, both individual and group work, are part of the process of developing your project deliverables. In general, address your discussion posts to your classmates, rather than the instructor. Do not attach files; use only the discussion textbox.

Your posts do not need the structure or format of formal business memos or reports. These discussions should be an informal exchange of ideas with your peers. You should, of course, still adhere to the norms of standard written English. To receive the maximum benefit, you should participate in accordance with the guidelines provided below. · timeliness · initial posting(s) submitted by 11:59 PM ET on Saturday · response(s) to other discussion postings submitted by 11:59 PM ET on Tuesday · proper citation · cite sources any time you quote or paraphrase an idea or evidence from another work · use APA citation style (example below) · meaningful engagement · posts contribute to substantive scholarly discussion · student demonstrates professionalism in interaction with peers · posts critically discuss topics presented in the current week and, when appropriate, in previous weeks · posts are grounded in the theories and concepts presented in the course Example: Based on the UMUC library’s guidance on APA citations , including guidance on how to cite content from the UMUC online classroom, please use the following format for classroom resources with no author or no date: Title of resource . (n.d.).

Document posted in University of Maryland University College Course Name Course Number online classroom, archived at: hyperlink SWOT analysis . (n.d.). Document posted in University of Maryland University College MBA online classroom, archived at: Writing the Executive Summary An executive summary is a brief document typically directed at top-level managers who sometimes make decisions based upon a reading of this summary alone. As a result, the executive summary must be concise but comprehensive, meaning that it must present in summary form all major sections of the main report, such as: · purpose · problem · methods of analyzing the problem · results of analysis · recommendations To repeat, because of the critical role it plays, the executive summary is often the first and only part read by key decision makers.

Therefore, it must be designed so that it can be read independently of the main document. Typically, figures and tables are not referenced in the executive summary. Uncommon terminology, symbols and acronyms are avoided. If the executive summary is sufficiently persuasive, the entire proposal will then be read in full. Therefore, your summary is key to the success of your proposal and should reflect these characteristics: Perfect Miniaturization.

The executive summary should contain the same sections in the same order as the full report. Major Findings Only. Because it is a distilled version of the full report, the summary should include only the proposal's principal points and major evidence. Most charts, tables, and deep-level analysis are reserved for full proposal. Proportional.

The executive summary should typically be only 10% the length of the full proposal it distills. Therefore, the executive summary for a 10-page proposal would be 1 page or less. Stand Alone. The summary should be written in a way that it can be read as a stand-alone document. Before submitting it, allow a test subject to read the summary.

The subject should be able to give to you the basics of the full proposal from one reading of the summary. Flawless. Like a job resume, even the most minor error of proofreading or grammar can spell rejection. SAMPLE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Document needed: · Submit discussion post in the world oil prices discussion section in Step 4 · Executive summary Step 4: Discuss World Oil Price Movements The days are passing quickly now. Week 2 starts slow, but an email from Maryland Creative Solutions’ Managing Director, Elisa Izuki, changes the pace.

INBOX (1 NEW EMAIL) From: Elisa Izuki, Managing Director To: You and Frank Marinara, MCS Senior Partner Finance Good afternoon, I am requesting your attendance at the upcoming junior partner meeting. The primary objective of this meeting is to discuss the concerns held by ExxonMobil about world oil prices. Based on your analysis last week of the oil and gas industry’s economic model, I’d like you to contribute your insights to the project meeting. Looking forward to having a productive and informative working session. Sincerely, Elisa This is a good moment for you, as you are the only employee in the meeting that is not at the executive level.

This is your time to shine! As the meeting approaches, Frank briefs you on the key points of discussion: · Exxon has been concerned about developments in the world supply of crude oil. Both Venezuela and Iran have very significant proven oil reserves. Both countries are under sanctions from the US to restrict or prevent them from selling oil. · To put things into perspective, the world production of crude oil is just over 100 million barrels per day. The U.S. produces about 12 million barrels and all of OPEC about 30 million barrels.

As of early 2019, Venezuela produces just over 1 million barrels down from a peak of 6 million barrels. Iran also produces over 1 million barrels. · Both Venezuela and Iran need the “hard currency†that comes from the sale of crude oil and refined products. · Russia and China have the technology and expertise to help these countries expand their production and sale of oil. However, Russia relies on the sale of its own oil and gas as a main source of income and has an incentive to avoid the decline of oil prices when Venezuela increases production. · MCS has been tasked by ExxonMobil with looking at new research into the world price of oil. Find one current article about the price of crude oil and post it in the discussion.

Discuss the likely price movements of oil over the next few weeks. What are the analyst’s main concerns? Please provide a link to any sources that you use. Before you participate in the discussion activity, see MBA discussion guidelines. When you have finished Step 4, proceed to Step 5, where you will present your recent findings from Steps 1 through 4 in an executive summary.

Step 5: Prepare Executive Summary Your busy second week on the job isn’t over yet. After a busy morning of ad hoc team meetings, you’re greeted in your office with a phone call from Frank. Phone Call from Frank “Hi again. I’ve got news about our client. “ExxonMobil is looking to send a report to all company franchised gasoline stations.

I’m going to need an executive summary based on the analysis you’ve done for this client so far on Cal’s Exxon. Also, this executive summary , along with citations for any sources you use, should be about one page long. “Thanks again!†Post your executive summary in the submission folder located in the final step of this project. When you have completed Step 5, proceed to Step 6, where you will submit all work for Project 1. Supply and Demand Graph Future Supply and Demand for Crude Oil Price per barrel (2208) Daily US demand for crude oil (in millions of barrels per day) Daily US supply of crude oil (in millions of barrels per day) .00 1.0 0.5 .00 0.9 0.6 .00 0.8 0.7 .00 0.7 0.8 .00 0.6 0.9 .00 0.5 1.0 .00 0.4 1.1 Data from Question 1: Equilibrium: Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Show your work below.

Oil Supply and Demand Daily US demand for crude oil (in millions of barrels per day) 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0. Daily US supply of crude oil (in millions of barrels per day) 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1. Oil Supply and Demand #REF! #REF! To complete this project step, address the following: 1. Based on the information provided from the International Energy Agency (IEA) in the table on the left, examine the supply and demand graph in the space below.

This information is helpful for our client ExxonMobil to know how much oil to produce. The graph shows crude oil prices per barrel and the supply and demand for the number of barrels in the united States per day. After you have examined the graph below, identify the price and quantity and price at which equilibrium exists. This information is important for the client to determine the quantity of oil to produce for profit maximization. 2.

The global demand for oil changes with the changes in global economies. As economic activity increases, the global demand for oil increases. For the past several years, the global demand for oil has increased ( As the global demand changes, we can observe this change graphically. What changes are expected in the short-term? To answer this question, please see Support your statements with research and references.

3. What are potential supply and demand risks in the global oil market? Support your statements with research and references. 4. Is the global oil and gas market in a monopoly, oligopoly, or competitive economic model?

Why? Support your statements with research and references. Answer in the space below. Be as descriptive as possible and credit any sources you use. Show your work below.

Show your work below. To complete this project step, address the following: 1. Based on the information provided from the International Energy Agency (IEA) in the table on the left, examine the supply and demand graph in the space below. This information is helpful for our client ExxonMobil to know how much oil to produce. The graph shows crude oil prices per barrel and the supply and demand for the number of barrels in the united States per day.

After you have examined the graph below, identify the price and quantity and price at which equilibrium exists. This information is important for the client to determine the quantity of oil to produce for profit maximization. 2. The global demand for oil changes with the changes in global economies. As economic activity increases, the global demand for oil increases.

For the past several years, the global demand for oil has increased ( As the global demand changes, we can observe this change graphically. What changes are expected in the short-term? To answer this question, please see Support your statements with research and references. 3. What are potential supply and demand risks in the global oil market?

Support your statements with research and references. 4. Is the global oil and gas market in a monopoly, oligopoly, or competitive economic model? Why? Support your statements with research and references.

5. To what extent do you think that the current Covid-19 pandemic crisis will impact the global oil market in the long run and more specifically are there implication for Exxon Oil? Be as descriptive as possible and credit any sources you use. Show your work below. Profit Maximization Profit Maximization Base price of unleaded regular delivered in New York harbor (January 27, 2020) .517 Added cost to Cal: Maryland state gasoline tax (Effective July 1, 2018)

Computer Networksplease Explain Frames And Respondsconsider The Follow

Computer Networks Please explain frames and responds Consider the following LAN structure. Initially the switch table in all switches is empty and we assume no aging out (i.e., TTL = ∞). Each number in parentheses is the interface number for each link for the switch. For example, switch S1 has four interfaces of (1), (2), (3), and (4). Also assume that the MAC address for every node is already known to every other node (so ARP does not need in this problem). a) Suppose C sends a frame to I and I responds to C immediately.

Show the switch table in S1 , S2 , S3 , and S4 , right after the communication between these two hosts. Course Resource Print MBA Discussion Guidelines Throughout the MBA program, you will be asked to participate in discussions. Assigned discussions, both individual and group work, are part of the process of developing your project deliverables. In general, address your discussion posts to your classmates, rather than the instructor. Do not attach files; use only the discussion textbox.

Your posts do not need the structure or format of formal business memos or reports. These discussions should be an informal exchange of ideas with your peers. You should, of course, still adhere to the norms of standard written English. To receive the maximum benefit, you should participate in accordance with the guidelines provided below. · timeliness · initial posting(s) submitted by 11:59 PM ET on Saturday · response(s) to other discussion postings submitted by 11:59 PM ET on Tuesday · proper citation · cite sources any time you quote or paraphrase an idea or evidence from another work · use APA citation style (example below) · meaningful engagement · posts contribute to substantive scholarly discussion · student demonstrates professionalism in interaction with peers · posts critically discuss topics presented in the current week and, when appropriate, in previous weeks · posts are grounded in the theories and concepts presented in the course Example: Based on the UMUC library’s guidance on APA citations , including guidance on how to cite content from the UMUC online classroom, please use the following format for classroom resources with no author or no date: Title of resource . (n.d.).

Document posted in University of Maryland University College Course Name Course Number online classroom, archived at: hyperlink SWOT analysis . (n.d.). Document posted in University of Maryland University College MBA online classroom, archived at: Writing the Executive Summary An executive summary is a brief document typically directed at top-level managers who sometimes make decisions based upon a reading of this summary alone. As a result, the executive summary must be concise but comprehensive, meaning that it must present in summary form all major sections of the main report, such as: · purpose · problem · methods of analyzing the problem · results of analysis · recommendations To repeat, because of the critical role it plays, the executive summary is often the first and only part read by key decision makers.

Therefore, it must be designed so that it can be read independently of the main document. Typically, figures and tables are not referenced in the executive summary. Uncommon terminology, symbols and acronyms are avoided. If the executive summary is sufficiently persuasive, the entire proposal will then be read in full. Therefore, your summary is key to the success of your proposal and should reflect these characteristics: Perfect Miniaturization.

The executive summary should contain the same sections in the same order as the full report. Major Findings Only. Because it is a distilled version of the full report, the summary should include only the proposal's principal points and major evidence. Most charts, tables, and deep-level analysis are reserved for full proposal. Proportional.

The executive summary should typically be only 10% the length of the full proposal it distills. Therefore, the executive summary for a 10-page proposal would be 1 page or less. Stand Alone. The summary should be written in a way that it can be read as a stand-alone document. Before submitting it, allow a test subject to read the summary.

The subject should be able to give to you the basics of the full proposal from one reading of the summary. Flawless. Like a job resume, even the most minor error of proofreading or grammar can spell rejection. SAMPLE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Document needed: · Submit discussion post in the world oil prices discussion section in Step 4 · Executive summary Step 4: Discuss World Oil Price Movements The days are passing quickly now. Week 2 starts slow, but an email from Maryland Creative Solutions’ Managing Director, Elisa Izuki, changes the pace.

INBOX (1 NEW EMAIL) From: Elisa Izuki, Managing Director To: You and Frank Marinara, MCS Senior Partner Finance Good afternoon, I am requesting your attendance at the upcoming junior partner meeting. The primary objective of this meeting is to discuss the concerns held by ExxonMobil about world oil prices. Based on your analysis last week of the oil and gas industry’s economic model, I’d like you to contribute your insights to the project meeting. Looking forward to having a productive and informative working session. Sincerely, Elisa This is a good moment for you, as you are the only employee in the meeting that is not at the executive level.

This is your time to shine! As the meeting approaches, Frank briefs you on the key points of discussion: · Exxon has been concerned about developments in the world supply of crude oil. Both Venezuela and Iran have very significant proven oil reserves. Both countries are under sanctions from the US to restrict or prevent them from selling oil. · To put things into perspective, the world production of crude oil is just over 100 million barrels per day. The U.S. produces about 12 million barrels and all of OPEC about 30 million barrels.

As of early 2019, Venezuela produces just over 1 million barrels down from a peak of 6 million barrels. Iran also produces over 1 million barrels. · Both Venezuela and Iran need the “hard currency†that comes from the sale of crude oil and refined products. · Russia and China have the technology and expertise to help these countries expand their production and sale of oil. However, Russia relies on the sale of its own oil and gas as a main source of income and has an incentive to avoid the decline of oil prices when Venezuela increases production. · MCS has been tasked by ExxonMobil with looking at new research into the world price of oil. Find one current article about the price of crude oil and post it in the discussion.

Discuss the likely price movements of oil over the next few weeks. What are the analyst’s main concerns? Please provide a link to any sources that you use. Before you participate in the discussion activity, see MBA discussion guidelines. When you have finished Step 4, proceed to Step 5, where you will present your recent findings from Steps 1 through 4 in an executive summary.

Step 5: Prepare Executive Summary Your busy second week on the job isn’t over yet. After a busy morning of ad hoc team meetings, you’re greeted in your office with a phone call from Frank. Phone Call from Frank “Hi again. I’ve got news about our client. “ExxonMobil is looking to send a report to all company franchised gasoline stations.

I’m going to need an executive summary based on the analysis you’ve done for this client so far on Cal’s Exxon. Also, this executive summary , along with citations for any sources you use, should be about one page long. “Thanks again!†Post your executive summary in the submission folder located in the final step of this project. When you have completed Step 5, proceed to Step 6, where you will submit all work for Project 1. Supply and Demand Graph Future Supply and Demand for Crude Oil Price per barrel (2208) Daily US demand for crude oil (in millions of barrels per day) Daily US supply of crude oil (in millions of barrels per day) $25.00 1.0 0.5 $30.00 0.9 0.6 $35.00 0.8 0.7 $40.00 0.7 0.8 $45.00 0.6 0.9 $50.00 0.5 1.0 $55.00 0.4 1.1 Data from Question 1: Equilibrium: Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Show your work below.

Oil Supply and Demand Daily US demand for crude oil (in millions of barrels per day) 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0. Daily US supply of crude oil (in millions of barrels per day) 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1. Oil Supply and Demand #REF! #REF! To complete this project step, address the following: 1. Based on the information provided from the International Energy Agency (IEA) in the table on the left, examine the supply and demand graph in the space below.

This information is helpful for our client ExxonMobil to know how much oil to produce. The graph shows crude oil prices per barrel and the supply and demand for the number of barrels in the united States per day. After you have examined the graph below, identify the price and quantity and price at which equilibrium exists. This information is important for the client to determine the quantity of oil to produce for profit maximization. 2.

The global demand for oil changes with the changes in global economies. As economic activity increases, the global demand for oil increases. For the past several years, the global demand for oil has increased ( As the global demand changes, we can observe this change graphically. What changes are expected in the short-term? To answer this question, please see Support your statements with research and references.

3. What are potential supply and demand risks in the global oil market? Support your statements with research and references. 4. Is the global oil and gas market in a monopoly, oligopoly, or competitive economic model?

Why? Support your statements with research and references. Answer in the space below. Be as descriptive as possible and credit any sources you use. Show your work below.

Show your work below. To complete this project step, address the following: 1. Based on the information provided from the International Energy Agency (IEA) in the table on the left, examine the supply and demand graph in the space below. This information is helpful for our client ExxonMobil to know how much oil to produce. The graph shows crude oil prices per barrel and the supply and demand for the number of barrels in the united States per day.

After you have examined the graph below, identify the price and quantity and price at which equilibrium exists. This information is important for the client to determine the quantity of oil to produce for profit maximization. 2. The global demand for oil changes with the changes in global economies. As economic activity increases, the global demand for oil increases.

For the past several years, the global demand for oil has increased ( As the global demand changes, we can observe this change graphically. What changes are expected in the short-term? To answer this question, please see Support your statements with research and references. 3. What are potential supply and demand risks in the global oil market?

Support your statements with research and references. 4. Is the global oil and gas market in a monopoly, oligopoly, or competitive economic model? Why? Support your statements with research and references.

5. To what extent do you think that the current Covid-19 pandemic crisis will impact the global oil market in the long run and more specifically are there implication for Exxon Oil? Be as descriptive as possible and credit any sources you use. Show your work below. Profit Maximization Profit Maximization Base price of unleaded regular delivered in New York harbor (January 27, 2020) $1.517 Added cost to Cal: Maryland state gasoline tax (Effective July 1, 2018) $0.353 Federal gasoline tax $0.184 Distribution & Delivery $0.042 Advertising and Marketing to ExxonMobil $0.042 Additives $0.020 Total additions $0.641 Total cost per gallon $2.158 Answer question 1 below.

Quantity Price ..758 Average Average % change % change Elasticity of Demand Elasticity: By how much did revenues increase or decrease as a result of the change in price? By how much did profits increase or decline? Gallons sold per day Price Revenue (price x gallons) Cost per Gallon Variable Cost (cost per unit x volume) Fixed cost per day Total Cost (Fixed + Variable) Daily Profit (revenue - all costs) 4000 $ 2.658 $ 10,632.00 $ 2.158 $ 8,632.00 $ 438.00 $ 9,070.00 $ 1,562. Answer question 2 below. Quantity Price ..558 Average Average % change % change Elasticity of Demand Elasticity: By how much did revenues increase or decrease as a result of the change in price?

By how much did profits increase or decline? Gallons sold per day Price Revenue (price x gallons) Cost per Gallon Variable Cost (cost per unit x volume) Fixed cost per day Total Cost (Fixed + Variable) Daily Profit (revenue - all costs) Answer question 3 below. Quantity Price ..458 Average Average % change % change Elasticity of Demand Elasticity: By how much did revenues increase or decrease as a result of the change in price? By how much did profits increase or decline? Gallons sold per day Price Revenue (price x gallons) Cost per Gallon Variable Cost (cost per unit x volume) Fixed cost per day Total Cost (Fixed + Variable) Daily Profit (revenue - all costs) Profit Maximization Gallons sold per day Price Revenue (price x gallons) Cost per Gallon Variable Cost (cost per unit x volume) Fixed cost per day Total Cost (Fixed + Variable) Daily Profit (revenue - all costs) 2400 $ 3.058 $ 7,339.20 $ 2.158 $ 5,179.20 $ 438.00 $ 5,617.20 $ 1,722. $ 2. $ 2. $ 2. $ 2. $ 2. $ 2. $ 2. $ 2. $ 2. $ 2. $ 2. $ 1. $ 1. $ 1. $ 1. $ 1. $ 1. $ 1.358 Answer question 5 below.

Marginal Revenue Marginal Cost Gallons sold per day Price Revenue (price x gallons) Marginal revenue Cost per gallon Variable Cost Fixed Cost Total Cost Marginal Cost 2800.0 $ 2.958000 $8,282.40 $2.158 $6,042.40 $438.00 $6,480..1 $ 2.957975 $8,282.63 $0.2258 $2.158 $6,042.62 $438.00 $6,480.62 $0..0 $ 2..1 $ 2...............1 Select One Price Elastic Price Inelastic Unit Price Elastic Cal Overhaut operates an ExxonMobil gas station franchise in Fitzhugh, MD. The price of gasoline is volatile and varies greatly from day to day. The price per gallon varies based on the seasonal blend of gasoline, which is determined by clean-air requirements. Cal's pricing options are based on the desired profit margin.

Conventional Gasoline Regular Spot Prices can be found at Cal recently raised the price of regular gas by 1 cent per gallon from $2.658 to $2.758, and his revenue decreased and profit increased. Cal would like you to explain why that happened. Cal competes with another gas station across the street that typically sells regular gas for 2 to 3 cents per gallon less than his station. They are currently selling gasoline for $2.458 per gallon. Recently, regular gasoline for delivery in New York harbor sold for $1.517 per gallon.

Cal tells you that his gas station has fixed operating costs of about $438 per day. To the right are the components that determine the cost of a gallon of regular gasoline to Cal's business. Answer the seven questions below. You are required to use Excel for all calculations. 1.

Last week, Cal sold an average of 4,000 gallons per day at an average price of $2.658 per gallon. This week, he raised the average price to $2.758 per gallon, and both revenues and profits dropped. His station is now selling an average of 3,600 gallons per day. Fixed costs of operating the gas station are $438 per day. What is the price elasticity of demand?

Can the demand be characterized as price elastic, price inelastic, or neither? By how much did revenues increase or decrease as a result of the change in price? By how much did profits increase or decline? (Profit is revenue minus total cost.) 6. Next calculate marginal revenue, knowing that it is the difference between the revenue at the price shown and the revenue at 1/400 of a cent less. Calculate 1/400 of a cent as well as the new price.

Calculate the marginal cost of selling zero point one (0.1) more gallon at each price. Prove that MC = $0.2158 Complete the table to the right. 7. What advice can you give to Cal on setting prices to maximize profit? 2.

After seeing your analysis, Cal decides to lower the price of gas from $2.758 to $2.558 per gallon. After this change, the volume sold increased to 4,400 gallons per day. He asks you to measure his business gains or losses as a result of this price change. Fixed costs are $438 per day. What is the price elasticity of demand?

Can the demand be characterized as price elastic, price inelastic, or neither? By how much did revenues increase or decrease as a result of the change in price? By how much did profits increase or decline? (Profit is revenue minus total cost.) 3. After seeing the result (from question 2), Cal decides to lower his price once again from $2.558 to $2.458 per gallon. Once again, volume sold increases and settles at 4,800 gallons per day.

He is worried that any further price cut will cause the discount station across the street to also lower it price. What is the price elasticity of demand? Can the demand be characterized as price elastic, price inelastic, or neither? By how much did revenues increase or decrease as a result of the change in price? By how much did profits increase or decline? (Profit is revenue minus total cost.) 4.

Cal's son is studying in the MBA program at UMUC. He tells his father that profit maximization occurs when marginal cost (MC) = marginal revenue (MR). Cal understands that his marginal cost is the same as his variable cost, or $2.158 per gallon. Technically, marginal cost is the added cost from selling one more gallon. Cal asks you for a chart to show how profits vary with sales volume, assuming that he sells an additional 400 gallons for each 10 cent decrease in price.

Also, he wants to know by how much he can lower his price without losing money. Given that you know the price and quantity of gallons sold so far, and that Cal's cost per gallon is $2.158 per gallon and his fixed cost is $438 per day, complete the table to the right. 5. Once you calculate total profit, what is the profit maximizing price?