Developmental Overviewdevelopment Overviewwhat Is The Purpose Of Highe ✓ Solved

DEVELOPMENTAL OVERVIEW Development Overview What is the purpose of higher education? Have political and fiscal debates about higher education lost sight of the value of education for individuals and society? Dr. Johnnetta Cole discusses how universities can inform and inspire. WATCH Trace the history of _ in the U.S. · Hispanic Serving Colleges and Universities · Historically Black Colleges and Universities · · Liberal Arts Colleges · · Research Universities · · Single-Sex Institutions · · Tribal Colleges and Universities Objectives 1.

Trace the history of higher education in the US. (I) 2. Apply elements of course planning to online course design. (V) Checklist · Read Canvas pages and view media · Online Discussion: Initial post and reply · Assignment: eLearning Microcredential (Due Week 7) · Here is an example of a question along with a possible answer. Please note the format. Please do not write your answers in the standard block paragraph format! This is by no means the perfect answer.

It could certainly be better. But, I wanted to give you a sense of what I am looking for in an answer. Question: Please thoroughly and completely explain the law of demand. Answer: ï‚· Definition of the law of demand o Demand is a schedule or curve that shows the various amounts of a product that consumers are willing and able to purchase at each of a series of possible prices during a specified period of time. ï‚· The law of demand tells us that there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. This is supported by the following three concepts: ï‚· Diminishing marginal utility which means consumption of successive units of a particular product will yield less and less marginal utility. o Marginal utility – the change in utility that results from a one-unit change in the consumption of a good or service. o The income effect - which means that a lower price increases the purchasing power of the buyers money income allowing the buyer to purchase more of the product than before. o The substitution effect - which means that at a lower price buyers are motivated to substitute what is now a less expensive product for similar products that are now relatively more expensive. ï‚· The law of demand is graphically represented as a downward sloping curve. ï‚· An increase in demand is expressed graphically as a shift of the demand curve to the right while a decrease in demand is expressed as a shift of the demand curve to the left. ï‚· An increase or decrease in quantity demanded is represented as a movement alone a given demand curve and is caused by an increase or decrease of the price of the product. ï‚· A demand curve will shift as a result of a change in one of the determinants of demand which are: ï‚· Buyer tastes – a change in tastes can cause buyers to demand more, or less of a product ï‚· Number of buyers – an increase in the number of buyers will result in an increase in the demand for a product ï‚· Income – a.

If income increases and the demand for a good increases, that good is called a normal good. b. If income increases and the demand for a good decreases, that good is called an inferior good ï‚· Expectations – expectations of buyers will impact demand. If the buyer expects the price of the product to increase, this would likely cause a decrease in demand for the product. ï‚· Prices of related goods – a. If the price of a good increases, we would expect the demand for the substitute good to increase. b. If the price of a good increases, we would expect the demand for its complement to decrease. ï‚· Price of non-related goods – a price change for one good would have no impact on the demand for the other good.

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Developmental Overview: The Purpose and Value of Higher Education

Introduction

The concept of higher education in the United States has undergone dramatic shifts throughout history, constantly adapting to the socio-economic changes and needs of the society it serves. The purpose of higher education transcends mere vocational training; it involves fostering critical thinking, promoting civic engagement, and preparing individuals for meaningful contributions to society (Cole, 2020). This overview will outline the historical progression of higher education in the U.S., the multifaceted purposes it serves, and the ongoing debates regarding its value amidst political and fiscal considerations.

Historical Overview of Higher Education in the U.S.

The roots of higher education in the U.S. can be traced back to colonial times with the establishment of institutions like Harvard College in 1636. These early colleges primarily served to train ministers and prepare young men for leadership roles within their communities (Brubacher & Rudy, 1997). Over the years, higher education evolved significantly:
1. The Land-Grant Colleges: The Morrill Acts of 1862 and 1890 provided federal land to states to establish colleges focused on agriculture and the mechanical arts. This marked a shift towards inclusivity and accessibility, enabling citizens from diverse backgrounds to gain higher education (Rudolph, 1990).
2. Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs): Following the Civil War, HBCUs were established to provide education to African Americans who were systematically denied access to predominantly white institutions. They have historically contributed to the education and empowerment of African American communities in the U.S. (Gasman, 2013).
3. Community Colleges: Emerging in the 20th century, community colleges provided affordable, accessible education and training for working adults, serving as a gateway for further education or immediate employment opportunities (Cohen & Brawer, 2003).
4. The Rise of Research Universities: The 20th century witnessed the expansion of research universities, fostering innovation and contributing to the nation's technological and social progress. These institutions emphasize the importance of scientific inquiry and intellectual rigor (Geiger, 1993).
5. Diversity in Higher Education: In recent decades, there has been a focus on expanding access to higher education through various forms of institutions, such as single-sex institutions and tribal colleges, which cater to the unique needs of specific communities (Heller, 2017).

The Multifaceted Purpose of Higher Education

The purposes of higher education are as diverse as its institutions. Some key dimensions include:
1. Personal Development: Higher education serves to cultivate individual potential, enhance critical thinking abilities, and promote self-discovery. According to Boyer (1990), education is not merely about acquiring skills but about developing intellectually curious and engaged citizens.
2. Economic Prosperity: One of the most emphasized objectives is the economic return on investment. College graduates generally experience higher lifetime earnings compared to those with only a high school diploma (Carnevale & Rose, 2011). This economic incentive encourages both individuals and families to prioritize higher education.
3. Civic Engagement: Higher education institutions play a crucial role in fostering civic responsibility and engagement. Students are often involved in community service and social advocacy through university-led initiatives, reinforcing their role as active participants in democracy (Colby et al., 2003).
4. Cultural Enrichment: Universities serve as cultural centers that promote the arts, humanities, and critical discourse. They provide a venue for diverse voices and perspectives, fostering mutual understanding and collaboration across different cultural backgrounds (Gordon, 2017).
5. Research and Innovation: Universities drive innovation through research initiatives that address societal issues, ranging from health care to environmental challenges. The collaboration between academia and industry can yield significant advancements, contributing to both local and global economies (Schmidt, 2020).

The Ongoing Debates

Despite the evident value of higher education, political and fiscal debates have raised critical questions about its accessibility and affordability. For example, the rising student debt crisis and discussions surrounding tuition-free college options have become prominent issues in recent years (Kantrowitz, 2020). Critics argue that higher education has become a financial burden, disproportionately affecting low-income and underrepresented populations.
Furthermore, discussions have emerged regarding the alignment of university curricula with labor market demands. As operational costs continue to rise, public scrutiny has increased concerning whether institutions provide adequate preparation for students entering a rapidly changing workforce (Friedman, 2019). Additionally, detractors question the practical relevance of liberal arts education amidst calls for more vocational training.

Conclusion

Higher education plays an indispensable role in shaping individuals and society. Its diverse purposes—personal development, economic prosperity, civic engagement, cultural enrichment, and fostering innovation—intertwine to create a robust educational landscape in the U.S. As higher education navigates contemporary challenges, it is crucial to reaffirm its value and commitment to inclusivity and accessibility, ensuring that it remains a transformative force for generations to come.

References

1. Boyer, E. L. (1990). Scholarship reconsidered: Priorities of the professoriate. Princeton University Press.
2. Brubacher, J. S., & Rudy, W. (1997). Higher education in transition: The development of American colleges and universities, 1636-1976. Harper & Row.
3. Carnevale, A. P., & Rose, S. J. (2011). The undereducated American. Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce.
4. Cohen, A. M., & Brawer, F. B. (2003). The American community college. Jossey-Bass.
5. Colby, A., Heemskerk, A., Beaumont, E., & Erskine, H. (2003). Educating citizens: Preparing America's youth for citizenship. The Center for Information & Research on Civic Learning and Engagement.
6. Friedan, J. (2019). The future of higher education: opportunities and challenges for the next generation. American Council on Education.
7. Gasman, M. (2013). Historically black colleges and universities: A national perspective. Routledge.
8. Geiger, R. L. (1993). Research and relevant education: The role of institutions in the American system of higher education. Macmillan.
9. Gordon, E. (2017). The importance of higher education in the 21st century: A social perspective. Review of Higher Education.
10. Heller, D. E. (2017). The impact of community college education on student socio-economic mobility. Journal of Education Finance.