Due Datesubmit Your Completed Application Bysunday1159 Pm Mt Ofweek ✓ Solved

Due Date Submit your completed application by Sunday 11:59 p.m. MT of Week 3 as directed. Requirements 1. The Descriptive Study Paper is worth 50 points and will be graded on use of citations, use of Standard English grammar, sentence structure, and overall organization based on the required components as summarized in the directions and grading criteria and rubric. 2.

Create your exercise using Microsoft Word (a part of Microsoft Office), which is the required format for all Chamberlain University documents. You can tell that the document is saved as a MS Word document because it will end in .docx. 3. Follow the directions and grading criteria closely. Any questions about your assignment may be posted under the Q & A Forum.

4. The length of the exercise is to be no less than three pages and no greater than five pages, excluding title page and reference pages . 5. APA format is required with both a title page and reference page. Use the required components of the review as Level 1 headings (upper and lower case, centered, boldface): Note: Introduction—Write an introduction but do not use "Introduction" as a heading in accordance with the rules put forth in the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association .

Preparing Your Descriptive Study Paper For the purpose of this exercise: Write a one- to two-page summary answering the following questions: · What is meant by the term health disparitie s? · What do you think could be done about health disparity from the societal and public health points of view? · The prevalence of hypertension has remained essentially unchanged for nearly a decade. In a one- to two-page paper, propose a descriptive epidemiologic study to explore the reasons for this phenomenon. Post questions about this assignment to the Q & A Forum. Rubric Descriptive Study Paper Grading Rubric Descriptive Study Paper Grading Rubric Criteria Ratings Pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Introduction: Introduces the purpose of the exercise—to gain an understanding of various concepts of epidemiology.

3.0 pts Meets All Criteria Short introduction related to the purpose of the paper. 2.0 pts Meets Most Criteria Partially addresses the purpose of the paper. 1.0 pts Partially Meets Criteria Minimal introduction of the purpose of the paper. 0.0 pts Does Not Meet Criteria No introduction of the purpose of the paper. 3.0 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Health Disparity: Assesses what health disparities are.

9.0 pts Meets All Criteria Excellent assessment of what health disparities are. 7.0 pts Meets Most Criteria Partial assessment of what health disparities are. 6.0 pts Partially Meets Criteria Minimal assessment of what health disparities are. 0.0 pts Does Not Meet Criteria No assessment of what health disparities are. 9.0 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Points of View: Speculates as to what could be done about health disparities from the societal and public health points of view.

9.0 pts Meets All Criteria Excellent speculation as to what could be done about health disparities from the societal and public health points of view. 7.0 pts Meets Most Criteria Partial speculation as to what could be done about health disparities from the societal and public health points of view. 6.0 pts Partially Meets Criteria Minimal speculation as to what could be done about health disparities from the societal and public health points of view. 0.0 pts Does Not Meet Criteria No speculation as to what could be done about health disparities from the societal and public health points of view. 9.0 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Descriptive Epidemiology: Infers why the prevalence of hypertension has remained essentially unchanged for nearly a decade.

6.0 pts Meets All Criteria Excellent inference why the prevalence of hypertension has remained essentially unchanged for nearly a decade. 5.0 pts Meets Most Criteria Partial inference why the prevalence of hypertension has remained essentially unchanged for nearly a decade. 4.0 pts Partially Meets Criteria Minimal inference why the prevalence of hypertension has remained essentially unchanged for nearly a decade. 0.0 pts Does Not Meet Criteria No inference why the prevalence of hypertension has remained essentially unchanged for nearly a decade. 6.0 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Descriptive Epidemiology Study Recommendation Proposes a descriptive epidemiologic study to explore the reasons for the prevalence of the hypertension phenomenon.

12.0 pts Meets All Criteria Excellent selection of a descriptive epidemiologic study to explore the reasons for the prevalence of the hypertension phenomenon 10.0 pts Meets Most Criteria Partial selection of a descriptive epidemiologic study to explore the reasons for the prevalence of the hypertension phenomenon 9.0 pts Partially Meets Criteria Minimal selection of a descriptive epidemiologic study to explore the reasons for the prevalence of the hypertension phenomenon 0.0 pts Does Not Meet Criteria No selection of a descriptive epidemiologic study to explore the reasons for the prevalence of the hypertension phenomenon 12.0 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Summary: Provides a summation of thoughts and understanding of various concepts of epidemiology.

3.0 pts Meets All Criteria Excellent summation of the various concepts of epidemiology 2.0 pts Meets Most Criteria Brief summation of the various concepts of epidemiology 1.0 pts Partially Meets Criteria Minimal summation of the various concepts of epidemiology 0.0 pts Does Not Meet Criteria No summation of the various concepts of epidemiology 3.0 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Clarity of Writing: Use of standard English grammar and sentence structure. No spelling errors or typographical errors. Organized around the required components using appropriate headers. 5.0 pts Meets All Criteria Excellent use of standard English showing original thought; no spelling or grammar errors; well organized with proper flow of meaning 4.0 pts Meets Most Criteria Some evidence of own expression and competent use of language; no more than three spelling or grammar errors; well-organized thoughts and concepts 3.0 pts Partially Meets Criteria Language needs development.

Four spelling and/or grammar errors; poorly organized thoughts and concepts 0.0 pts Does Not Meet Criteria Language needs development. Five or more spelling and/or grammar errors; fails to have organized thoughts and concepts 5.0 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome APA Format: All information taken from another source, even if summarized, must be appropriately cited in the manuscript and listed in the references using APA format. 1.Document setup 2.Title and reference pages Citations in the text and references 3.0 pts Meets All Criteria APA format correct with no errors 2.0 pts Meets Most Criteria One to two minor errors in APA format OR one or two citations are missing 1.0 pts Partially Meets Criteria APA formatting contains multiple errors (three or more) and/or several citations are missing 0.0 pts Does Not Meet Criteria APA formatting not present and citations are not included 3.0 pts Total Points: 50.0 HEALTH BEHAVIOR CHANGE CONTRACT- FINAL REPORT Purpose: To use information, theories, and resources from class to attempt to change one health behavior Instructions: Directions Please answer the questions provided for you below.

Summarize the progress you have made to date plus your plan for the future. When restating your goal, make sure it is a complete set up statement that has your target behavior AND goal listed. Do not write a vague goal, it should be specific. For example, if your goal was to exercise 3-4 days a week for a min of 30 min in order to lose 5 lbs., make sure you answer ALL components. Goal: Re-state the SMART goal from your Health Behavior Change contract ( if it was not correct or specific in your week 1 assignment, correct it here in this assignment.).

Accomplishment: Describe briefly the progress you made towards your goal. Be specific. For example, if your goal had to do with weight loss, don’t just indicate that you lost weight; include how much weight you lost. If you did not make any progress, state that. Successful Strategies: List at least 3 strategies that you have found useful to you as you worked towards your goal.

Obstacles: List either of the following: at least 2 obstacles that you successfully overcame as you worked towards achieving your goal and how you overcome them; OR at least 2 obstacles you encountered, but were not able to overcome and how you could overcome them in the future Maintenance: Describe briefly what you plan to do from now on to either achieve your goal, or maintain your successful attainment of the goal. Health Behavior Change Contract My goal was: 2. Accomplishment and Progress with my goal: 3. What were 3 successful strategies that helped you ? 1.

2. 3. 4. List 2 Obstacles you overcame and how you overcame them OR list 2 obstacles that you encountered that you did not overcome and what you can do differently in the future to overcome them Obstacle 1: Obstacle 2: 5. Maintenance: HEALTH BEHAVIOR CHANGE CONTRACT Purpose: To use information, theories, and resources from class to attempt to change one health behavior Points: 100 Instructions: Prior to beginning this assignment: • Read Ch.

1 of your text (do not follow the example in the book use this template) • View the PowerPoint slides for Chapter 1, & the Supplemental articles listed in the course resources section on SMART goals for further clarification. • Complete the self-assessment: How Healthy Are You? On pages 20-22 of your text. Use this template provided to create your contract. Below are the specific directions for each section of the contract: Insert your name and your set up statement which includes your ONE specific behavior and goal in one statement. The target behavior (example- exercise 30 min 3 days per week – This is the “WHAT†of your goal, what you will be doing) & the goal (example- In order to lose 5 lbs.- This is the “WHY†of your goal.

What is the reason/motivation you are doing this behavior? Insert the date you plan to begin your goal, followed by the date you plan to accomplish it. Create at least three relevant short-term goals that are mini goals set to help you reach your final goal. For each short-term goal, indicate the date that you will accomplish it. Add additional rows as needed.

Delete any rows not used. Optional: For each short-term goal, identify a reward that you will earn for accomplishing the short-term goal. Select rewards that are not self-sabotaging your goal. (for example, if you are trying to lose weight don’t reward yourself with unhealthy foods that don’t support the goal.) If none, put “none†in the box. Enter what your long-term goal is over the next 6-12 months. Describe clearly and specifically at least one tool you will use to monitor your progress and how you will use it.

Describe clearly and specifically at least three challenges or obstacles you anticipate encountering as you work towards your goal. For each challenge, identify at least one solid strategy you plan to use to help address or minimize each challenge. Add additional rows as needed. List resources that will aid you to accomplishing your target behavior change and goal. Sign and date your contract.

If you do not have an electronic signature, you may simply type your name in the space for your signature. Review and edit your contract making sure there are no spelling or grammatical errors, and that it looks professional. Any part of this contract left blank or not answered will be penalized. Health Behavior Change Contract I, ______Alp__Erenel_________ agree to run minimum of 40 minutes and do yoga minimum of 20 min 7 days per week in order to improve body and spiritual health. 2.

I will begin on _3/8/2020___ and plan to reach my goal by 3/29/2020. 3. To reach my final goal, I have devised the following schedule of relevant short-term goals. For each step in my program I will give myself the reward listed. (list a minimum of 3 short term goals) Short-Term Goal Due Date Reward Run until reach the 5-mile range in 40 min 3/15/2020 None Run until reach the 7-mile range in 40 min and do meditation before yoga class 3/22/ min Swedish massage Run until reach 10-mile range in 40 min and complete 21-day Yoga class of Adriene 3/29/2020 Go to vacation for 2 days Long Term Goal (6-12 months) Maintain run workout of minimum of 30 minutes and complete yoga with Adriene 5 different programs minimum of 20 minutes 7days per week in order to reduce stress & improve body health.

4. I will use an app called “Apple activity and Nike run club†which will track my running and yoga days and duration by apple watch, or I can track my number of days and minutes of run and yoga on my calendar on my phone. 5. I anticipate the following challenges as I work towards my goal and have identified effective strategies for minimizing those challenges. Obstacle or Challenge Strategy Feeling tired and finding excuse I will motivate myself by looking my activity app and will pursue myself not to take any day off while completing my challenge If my phone rings, will get distracted by notifications and want to check them I will put my phone away while completing my run and yoga, will motivate myself not to get distracted by apple watch Willing to eat unhealthy with my high intense running schedule I will teach myself not to do anything I will regret.

6. Resources: I will use to help me change this behavior include: (For example, what can you research to help you with any part of your goal? What app can help you? What person can be a support during this contract and accomplishing this goal?) Name a specific friend/partner/relative: Fiancé A book, or an app: Apple activity, Nike run club A reputable website: 7. I sign this contract as an indication of my personal commitment to reach my goal. Signature Date 3/7/2020

Paper for above instructions

Health disparities refer to the significant differences in health outcomes and access to health care that exist among various population groups. These disparities are often associated with social, economic, and environmental disadvantages that are perpetuated over generations, particularly affecting marginalized communities that face structural inequalities (Williams & Mohammed, 2009). In this context, health disparities can manifest in various aspects, including the prevalence of diseases, access to preventive health services, and the quality of care that individuals receive (Bleich et al., 2012). Specifically, the social determinants of health, including income, education, and living conditions, play a crucial role in creating and maintaining these disparities (Marmot, 2005).

Addressing Health Disparities

From both a societal and public health perspective, several strategies can be implemented to address health disparities. Society must acknowledge the existence of these disparities and commit to reducing them through policy changes, community engagement, and education (Kahn, 2018). Comprehensive public health interventions should focus on enhancing access to care and improving health literacy among underserved populations (González et al., 2010). Equity-focused policies that prioritize resource allocation to disadvantaged communities, such as food insecurity programs, preventive health services, and education initiatives, can help level the playing field (Zarini et al., 2020).
Moreover, community health programs that engage local organizations can empower communities to advocate for their health needs. For instance, initiatives such as community health workers (CHWs) can bridge the gap between marginalized populations and health care systems, providing culturally appropriate support and facilitating access to essential services (Wiggins et al., 2016). In addition, public health campaigns addressing social determinants of health, such as housing and employment, can create environments that promote better health outcomes for underserved populations (Braveman et al., 2011).

Hypertension Prevalence and Its Stagnation

Despite extensive research and efforts aimed at combating hypertension, its prevalence has remained largely unchanged over the past decade. An inquiry into the reasons behind this stagnation is essential, particularly focusing on the interplay of social, economic, and environmental factors contributing to this public health issue. A proposed descriptive epidemiologic study aimed at exploring these phenomena might involve various methodologies, including surveys, focus groups, and analysis of electronic health records across diverse populations.
A descriptive study could begin by assessing demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, race, and socioeconomic status, to identify clusters of hypertension prevalence in different groups. This analysis should be complemented by evaluating behavioral factors, including diet, physical activity levels, and medication adherence, which significantly influence hypertension control (Ogedegbe et al., 2014). Furthermore, investigating barriers to care, such as access to affordable medications and health care facilities, may yield critical insights into why hypertension management remains ineffective for many.
Additionally, examining environmental factors such as neighborhood conditions—access to fresh foods, availability of recreational spaces, and exposure to stressors—would enrich the understanding of hypertension prevalence and its stagnant status (Tucker-Seeley et al., 2013). Through this descriptive epidemiologic study, the objective would be to uncover key insights into community-level factors that contribute to the persistence of hypertension and to inform targeted interventions.

Conclusion

In summary, health disparities significantly impact population health, underscoring the need for concerted societal and public health efforts to address the root causes contributing to these inequalities. By focusing on systemic changes and enhancing community engagement, a foundation may be built to enable more equitable health outcomes for all. Furthermore, understanding the stagnant rates of hypertension through descriptive epidemiologic studies can illuminate critical barriers that need to be overcome to mitigate this prevalent health issue effectively.

References

1. Bleich, S. N., Mulligan, K., & Share, J. (2012). The relationship between health disparities and obesity: A systematic review. American Journal of Public Health, 102(2), 213-220. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300568
2. Braveman, P., Egerter, S., & Williams, D. R. (2011). The social determinants of health: Coming of age. Annual Review of Public Health, 32, 381-398. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031210-101213
3. González, M., Sweeney, D., & Lona, A. (2010). Health disparities among children in the United States. Journal of Pediatrics, 157(7), 1004-1010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.07.014
4. Kahn, A. (2018). Improving the health of all Americans: A public health perspective. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 24(6), 539-548. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000000703
5. Marmot, M. (2005). Social determinants of health inequalities. The Lancet, 365(9464), 1099-1104. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71146-6
6. Ogedegbe, G., Ramsay, S., & Dapkins, I. (2014). A systematic review of blood pressure control among diabetes patients in the United States. Diabetes Care, 37(3), 853-861. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-0694
7. Tucker-Seeley, R. D., et al. (2013). The role of neighborhood environment in the relationship between hypertension and obesity: A longitudinal study. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 794. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-794
8. Williams, D. R., & Mohammed, S. A. (2009). Discrimination and racial disparities in health: Evidence and needed research. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 32(1), 20-47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-008-9185-0
9. Wiggins, N., et al. (2016). Community health workers as a strategy to improve an urban community's health. Health Promotion Practice, 17(5), 703-711. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839916645990
10. Zarini, G. G., et al. (2020). Strategies for reducing healthcare inequity: A review of two community-centric interventions. BMC Health Services Research, 20, 165. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-4970-0