Essay 1 Accessing Using And Evaluating Development Websitesyour Pape ✓ Solved

Essay 1: Accessing, Using and Evaluating Development Websites Your paper should include a full page describing a website or news sources that you have accessed in order to complete the assignment. This page should answer the following questions: Where is the site based? When was it founded? Who owns it? Can you identify a theory of development (modernization, dependency or critique) with which the site leans?

Is this a reliable source of information, why or why not? The remaining pages of the paper should be devoted to reporting on a development topic or issue which you have researched using the online sources of your choice. The item you choose to report on should be directly related to development, meaning the issue is clearly a development issue. In your report you should include a critical commentary on the way in which the issue is covered by the source of your choosing. You may use other websources to assist you in doing so, just be sure to include them in your bibliography.

Guidelines: Your paper should be 3-5 pages long, NO LONGER THAN FIVE PAGES (including the page of website evaluation), typed and double spaced in Times New Roman font with margins no larger than 1 inch all around on 8 X 11 ½ inch paper with pages and your name on the first page (please do not include a title page, if you title the paper include your title on the 1st page.) . Your work should focus on online websites, the webpages of international organizations or non-governmental organizations or the websites of multi-national corporations or trade related sites which provide full article length commentaries, the following is a suggested list of news sources that meet this criteria. UNDP WTO IMF and World Bank ILO USAID IADB White 2 Your name Professor White ENGL September 2010 Title Should Reflect Content and be Intriguing After the heading comes your title.

It should be centered and in the same font and size as the rest of your paper. Do not underline it or make it bold. Your paper should be in a serf font; Times New Roman is the standard font. The font size of your paper should be twelve (12) points. Indent your paragraphs one-half inch.

Set your first line to indent when beginning new paragraphs, or use the tab key for ease and convenience. Do not double space after final punctuation, including periods, or after paragraphs. After the first page, your name and page number should appear in the upper right corner. Use the “insert page number†function in Microsoft Word to add a page number and last name easily. Your entire paper should be double-spaced, including block quotes.

Be careful not to add extra space after paragraphs. Microsoft Word automatically adds space after paragraphs. Be sure to turn that function off. There is a PowerPoint that explains how to turn this function off posted on eCampus under “Formatting.†Your margins need to be one-inch all around. One-inch margins are standard, so your margins should automatically be correct unless you change them.

Your name Professor White ENGL September Title Should Reflect Content and be Intriguing After the heading comes your title. It should be centered and in the same font and size as the rest of your paper. Do not underline it or make it bold. Your paper should be in a serf font; Times New Roman is the standard font. The font size of your paper s hould be twelve (12) points.

Indent your paragraph s one - half inch . Set your first line to indent when beginning new paragraphs, or use the tab key for ease and convenience. D o not double space after final punctuation, including periods, or after paragraphs . After the first page, your name and page number should appear in the upper right corner. Use the “insert page number†function in Microsoft Wo rd to add a page number and last name easily.

Your entire paper should be double - spaced, including block quotes . Be careful not to add extra space after paragraphs. Microsoft Word automatically add s space after paragraphs. Be sur e to tu rn that function off. There is a PowerPoint that explains how to turn this function off posted on eCampus under “Formatting.†Your margins need to be one - inch all around.

One - inch margins are standard, so your margins should automatically be correct unless you change them. Your name Professor White ENGL September 2010 Title Should Reflect Content and be Intriguing After the heading comes your title. It should be centered and in the same font and size as the rest of your paper. Do not underline it or make it bold. Your paper should be in a serf font; Times New Roman is the standard font.

The font size of your paper should be twelve (12) points. Indent your paragraphs one-half inch. Set your first line to indent when beginning new paragraphs, or use the tab key for ease and convenience. Do not double space after final punctuation, including periods, or after paragraphs. After the first page, your name and page number should appear in the upper right corner.

Use the “insert page number†function in Microsoft Word to add a page number and last name easily. Your entire paper should be double-spaced, including block quotes. Be careful not to add extra space after paragraphs. Microsoft Word automatically adds space after paragraphs. Be sure to turn that function off.

There is a PowerPoint that explains how to turn this function off posted on eCampus under “Formatting.†Your margins need to be one-inch all around. One-inch margins are standard, so your margins should automatically be correct unless you change them. Works Cited Modern Language Association Modern Language Association Format ï‚— Heading ï‚— Name, prof, class, date ï‚— One inch margins ï‚— Double spaced ï‚— Last name and page number in top right corner of every page except the first. ï‚— Include a “Works Cited†page ï‚— Indent all paragraphs one-half inch ï‚— Remove extra space after paragraphs ï‚— 12 point font ï‚— Times New Roman MLA Heading Works Cited ï‚—Double spaced ï‚—Hanging indent ï‚—Alphabetical order by author’s last name or title if there is no author. ï‚—Include last name and page number on top right. ï‚—Do not number or “bullet†the list ï‚—Do not include another header Works Cited Example Information to keep track of ï‚— Author and/or editor names (if available) or translator ï‚— Article name in quotation marks. ï‚— Title of the website, project, journal, or book in italics. ï‚— Any version numbers available, including editions (ed.), revisions, posting dates, volumes (vol.), or issue numbers (no.). ï‚— Publisher information, including the publisher name and publishing date. ï‚— Take note of any page numbers (p. or pp.) or paragraph numbers (par. or pars.) if already numbered. ï‚— URL (without the DOI or permalink. ï‚— Date you accessed the material (Date Accessed)—While not required, it is highly recommended, especially when dealing with date.

Books and Chapters Author’s last name, first name. Title of Book. Publishing company, year. Downey, Katherine Brown. Perverse Midrash: Oscar Wilde, Andre Gide, and Censorship of Biblical Drama.

Continuum, 2004. Author’s last name, first name. “Chapter Title.†Title of Book. Publishing company, year, pp. Page numbers.

Butler, Octavia E. “Bloodchild.†Bloodchild and Other Stories. Seven Stories, 2005, pp. 1-24. Editors/ translators follow the title if any, followed by volume or edition.

Work in an Anthology Last name, first name. “Title of Article.†year originally published. Title of Book, edited by Name of Editor(s), edition, Publisher, year published, pp. page numbers. Codrescu, Andrei. “Notes of an Alien Son: Immigration Paradoxes.†2010.

Engaging Questions: A Guide to Writing, edited by Carolyn E. Channell and Timothy W. Crusius, ed. 2, McGraw-Hill, 2016, pp. 17-19.

Scholarly Article in a Database Author’s last name, first name. “Title of Article.†Title of Journal, vol., no., year, pp., Database, URL. Lanphear, Bruce P., et al. “Association of Environmental Toxicants and Conduct Disorder in U.S. Children: NHANES .†Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.

116, no. 7, July 2008, pp. , Academic Search Complete, dcccd.idm.oclc.org/login?url= in.asp?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=&site=ehost-live Volume Issue number Pages Remove the http:// Articles on a Website Author’s last name, first name. “Title of article.†Website Title, Date published, URL. LaFraniere, Sharon. “Lead Poisoning in China: The Hidden Scourge.†Asia Pacific: The New York Times, 15 June 2011, tml?pagewanted=all, accessed 21 June 2017.

Government or Organization Sometimes the author is a government or an organization. The source may be in print or online. Organization Name. “Title of Article.†Title of Book/Pamphlet. Publisher, Year pub.

National Assessment of Educational Progress. “The Community College Report.†The Civics Report Card. Government Printing Office, 1990. Organization Name. “Article Title.†Website Title, Day month year of publication, URL, date of access.

Federal Bureau of Investigation. “A Byte Out of History: Turning the Tables on Telemarketing Fraud.†Federal Bureau of Investigation, 21 Sept 2010, marketing_120810/telemarketing_120810, accessed 20 June 2017. Multiple Authors ï‚— Two authors, list in the same order that they are listed in the article or book: Last name, first name, and first name last name. “Title of Article.†Title of Book. Publisher, year. ï‚— Three or more authors, list the first author and then “et al.†(and others).

Last name, first name, et al. “Title of Article.†Title of Book. Publisher, year. For Example Smith, Jane. Children in the Workplace.

Norton, 2010. Smith, Jane, and Mark Jones. Children in the Workplace. Norton, 2010. Smith, Jane, et al.

Children in the Workplace. Norton, 2010. Second name is in regular order, first last Details to Remember ï‚— Authors: Include all authors up to two and any middle names or initials. ï‚— Titles: Capitalize all the significant words in a title. Do not capitalize small words like a, the, or, an, and, or any other preposition or conjunction unless they begin the title. ï‚— Publisher: Use the short form of the publishers name. For example: WW Norton & Company = Norton, Princeton University Press = Princeton UP. ï‚— Dates: If more than one date of publication is given, always use the most recent.

Double Spaced Works Cited Where to find help ï‚— Purdue University Online Writing Lab OWL: ï‚— Easybib citation maker (requires internet): ï‚— Bibliomaker (internet not required after download): maker/ Modern Language Association Modern Language Association Format MLA Heading Works Cited Works Cited Example Information to keep track of Books and Chapters Work in an Anthology Scholarly Article in a Database Articles on a Website Government or Organization Multiple Authors For Example Details to Remember Double Spaced Works Cited Where to find help In-text (Parenthetical) Citations Modern Language Association In-text citations ï‚— In-text citations let the reader know in a quick and concise manner where your quote, paraphrase, or summary came from. ï‚— They are intimately related to the Works Cited list at the end of your essay. ï‚— The most common information used in the parentheses is the author’s last name and a page number. ï‚— If there is no author, use the first significant word in the title of the article. ï‚— The final period goes after the closed parentheses.

Examples with authors ï‚— One author: (Fisher 184). ï‚— Two authors: (Fisher and Smith 184). ï‚— Three or more authors: (Fisher et al. 184). Always list authors in the order they appear on the essay, not alphabetically. They appear in the order of who does the most work! Examples without authors ï‚— Without an author, use the first word in the title.

If the first word is the or a, include the second word as well. Make sure your in-text citation is in the same format as it is listed on the Works Cited sheet: (“Internetâ€). OR (“The Olympicsâ€). ï‚— Articles without authors are usually websites, so there is commonly no page number. ï‚— If the title is in italics (like a DVD), make sure your in-text citation reflects that as well. (Gaudi). Listing the author in the text ï‚— If you refer to the author of your quote in the text, then you do not need to list him or her in the parentheses at the end of the sentence. You only need the page number.

According to Professor of Humanities Frederick Turner at The University of Texas at Dallas, “no truly great poetry has been written in English since the Second World War†(77). Turner, Frederick. “Mighty Poets in their Misery Dead: A Polemic on the Contemporary Poetic Scene.†The Missouri Review, vol. 4, no.1, 1980, pp. 77-96.

Paraphrasing and Summarizing ï‚—You must include an in-text citation even if you paraphrase or summarize. ï‚—Place your citation at the end of the sentence when you paraphrase. ï‚—Place your citation at the end of the paragraph when you summarize. ï‚—Failing to cite your paraphrase or summary is plagiarism. Examples of in-text citations Wordsworth argued that Romantic poetry is signified by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings†(263). Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings†(Wordsworth 263). Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263). Wordsworth, William.

Lyrical Ballads, Oxford U.P., 1967. A quote within a quote ï‚— If you borrow the words of someone from another author’s essay, you must give the original author credit for doing the research or interview. ï‚— Sometimes, you simply cannot interview a source (President Obama for example), and you need to borrow another author’s work; therefore, you must include that information in the in-text citation. ï‚— However, your Works Cited list should only reflect the original author’s name, not the person you are quoting’s name. A Quote Within a Quote Example According to First Lady Michelle Obama, the power of an artistic performance can be diplomatic: “That's the beauty of arts and culture, music and dance.

It's a universal voice†(qtd. in Brown). Brown, Laura. “Michelle Obama: America's Got Talent.†Harper’s BAZAAR, 13 Oct. 2010, articles/michelle-obama-interview, accessed 20 June 2017. Block Quotes ï‚—Only use a block quote when the quote is more than four lines long in your paper (that’s five lines long minimum). ï‚—Use block quotes sparingly. ï‚—Most block quotes can be reduced.

Only quote the most important information that is absolutely necessary for understanding. ï‚—Try paraphrasing or summarizing instead. Citing a Block Quote ï‚—Block quotes are formatted differently than in-text quotes: ï‚—Set quote off by a left indent (do not center). ï‚—Double space quote. ï‚—Do not use quotation marks. ï‚—Final punctuation goes before the citation. Block Quote Example Grammarian and author Joseph Williams argues sentence length and variation are important: Those who can write individually clear and concise sentences have achieved a good deal, and much more if they can assemble them into coherent passages. But a writer who can’t write clear sentences longer than twenty words or so is like a composer who can write only short jingles.

No one can communicate complex ideas in short sentences alone, so you have to know how to assemble a sentence long and complex enough to express complex ideas, but still clear enough to be read easily. You can do that, if you know some principles of sentence construction that go beyond SUBJECTS and VERBS, CHARACTERS and ACTIONS. (166) Too Much? Reduce for Clarity When discussing sentence length and variation, grammarian and author Joseph Williams argues that “no one can communicate complex ideas in short sentences alone, so you have to know how to assemble a sentence long and complex enough to express complex ideas, but still clear enough to be read easily†(166). Williams, Joseph M. Style: Ten Lessons in Clarity and Grace.

6th ed., Longman, 2000. Works Cited Example Where to find help: ï‚—Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL): rce/747/02/ ï‚—Bibliomaker (internet not required after download): maker/ Modern Language Association In-text citations Examples with authors Examples without authors Listing the author in the text Paraphrasing and Summarizing Examples of in-text citations A quote within a quote A Quote Within a Quote Example Block Quotes Citing a Block Quote Block Quote Example Too Much? Reduce for Clarity Works Cited Example Where to find help:

Paper for above instructions

Title: Accessing, Using, and Evaluating Development Websites: A Case Study of the World Bank
Introduction
In an increasingly interconnected world, the internet serves as a vital tool for accessing information on global development issues. Given the multitude of sources available online, evaluating their reliability becomes essential. This essay focuses on the World Bank's website, exposing its strengths and weaknesses in providing credible development information. Subsequently, the paper will delve into the topic of economic development and the reliance on international financial institutions, employing relevant theories of development to enhance discussion.
Website Evaluation: The World Bank
The World Bank, headquartered in Washington D.C.,USA, is an international financial institution that was established in 1944 with a mission to end poverty and promote shared prosperity. The organization is owned by its member countries, which currently number 189. The World Bank Group comprises five institutions, including the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA).
A key theory of development that the World Bank leans toward is modernization theory. This perspective emphasizes gradual development through industrialization, economic growth, and improved infrastructure. The World Bank focuses on funding and project implementation in various nations, promoting policies aimed at stimulating economic growth, increasing productivity, and enhancing human capital (Friedman, 2006).
Evaluating the reliability of the World Bank's website involves scrutinizing its sources, authoritativeness, and overall reputation. The information presented is grounded in extensive research and data collection efforts undertaken by economists, researchers, and development specialists. The site offers comprehensive reports, statistics, and analyses on diverse issues, ranging from health, education, infrastructure, and climate change to trade and investment.
Moreover, the World Bank's commitment to transparency is evident in its operational framework; the site publishes detailed project reports which outline funding processes and outcomes. Given its long history, access to expert and diverse authorship, as well as its comprehensive research modalities, the World Bank’s website is classified as a reliable source of information about development issues.
Economic Development and the Role of International Financial Institutions
Development remains a multidimensional concept encompassing economic, social, and environmental facets (Todaro & Smith, 2015). Economic development specifically focuses on improving living standards, increasing wealth, and reducing poverty through the enhancement of economic infrastructure and productivity. One crucial component of this effort is the reliance on international financial institutions (IFIs) like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
IFIs are often seen as important players in promoting economic stability, providing loans, and supporting national programs aimed at poverty alleviation and growth. As stated by Easterly (2007), IFIs often impose conditionalities on borrowing countries that may include structural adjustments, austerity measures, and policy reforms aimed at restoring economic growth. While these measures may yield positive impacts in theory, they can also aggravate existing inequalities and social tensions in practice (Williamson, 2000).
Critiques of reliance on IFIs frequently reference dependency theory, which argues that developing nations become trapped in a cycle of dependency on external support, stifling their ability to achieve genuine self-sustained growth. This perspective holds that borrowing countries may exacerbate their economic vulnerability by accumulating significant levels of debt (Ghosh, 2012).
The World Bank's approach to development, grounded in modernization theory, emphasizes capital investment in vital sectors as a way of lifting countries out of poverty. This modern stance has been criticized for neglecting the unique contexts of different nations and promoting a one-size-fits-all approach to development (Rodrik, 2006). Programs that are designed without a thorough understanding of local cultures and economic circumstances may fail to achieve their anticipated outcomes, leaving countries trapped in cycles of debt and dependency.
A salient example of this is found in the realm of infrastructure development. The World Bank often promotes large-scale projects like dams or road systems, which need substantial resources but may bring environmental devastation or social dislocation to local populations (Baker, 2014). Critics argue that the drive to attract foreign investment or enhance global competitiveness overshadows local needs—leading to further marginalization of underrepresented groups (Mohan, 2002).
In analyzing the coverage of economic development issues on the World Bank's website, it is essential to note the complexities of the narratives presented. The organization portrays success stories and showcases transformative projects, often emphasizing quantitative metrics, which can present an overly optimistic view of progress (Chambers, 2005). This can create a disconnect between published outcomes and the lived realities of affected communities. Critics argue that such narratives can oversimplify intricate issues, such as poverty alleviation efforts which require multi-faceted interventions beyond financial investments (Easterly, 2006).
For a comprehensive understanding of development, it is crucial to employ an array of theoretical perspectives. Without recognizing the narratives surrounding dependency, modernization, and critiques, a superficial interpretation of the development landscape may emerge. A more nuanced approach recognizes the importance of local knowledge and fosters a dialogue between external actors and domestic stakeholders (Cornwall & Brock, 2005).
Conclusion
In summary, the World Bank's website serves as a vital resource for those seeking information on global development issues. While it provides reliable data and insight rooted in extensive research, one must critically assess the narratives presented. An over-reliance on modernization theory may obscure the complexities and intricacies involved in real-world development phenomena. When addressing economic development, it is essential to consider the larger historical, social, and political contexts that shape outcomes, acknowledging the limitations that arise from hegemonic frameworks propagated by international financial institutions. By fostering dialogue and considering multiple perspectives, a more inclusive, equitable, and sustainable approach to development may be realized.
References
Baker, L. (2014). The World Bank’s Resilience to Crisis: The Challenge of Structural Adjustment. Journal of Development Studies, 50(7), 954-966.
Chambers, R. (2005). Poverty and Livelihoods: Whose Reality Counts?. World Development, 33(11), 1948-1963.
Cornwall, A., & Brock, K. (2005). What Do Buzzwords Do for Development Policy? Development Policy Review, 23(3), 271-287.
Easterly, W. (2006). The White Man's Burden: Why the West's Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good. Penguin Press.
Easterly, W. (2007). Elusive Quest for Growth: Economists' Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics. MIT Press.
Friedman, J. (2006). Modernization Theory Revisited: Historical Capitalism, Culture, and Modern Development. Review of International Political Economy, 13(2), 171-185.
Ghosh, J. (2012). The Global Financial Crisis and the Developing World. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 5(1), 55-78.
Mohan, G. (2002). Participatory Development: A Theoretical and Practical Approach. Journal of International Development, 14(8), 1014-1025.
Rodrik, D. (2006). The Amber and the Stepping Stone: Development in a Globalized World. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20(2), 1-26.
Williamson, J. (2000). What Should the World Bank Think About the Washington Consensus? The World Bank Research Observer, 15(2), 251-264.