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Prep. You may be using the wrong preposition. Prep. You may be using the wrong preposition. Modern American Literature Fall 2021 Exam 1 Instructions for the exam: · Answers must be in complete sentences, coherent, and address the question(s) being asked. · Make sure that you answer everything that is asked in the question.
Failure to do so will result in a deduction of points. · Your answers must be at least 5 sentences each; anything less will receive an automatic deduction of points. · Don’t forget proper punctuation for titles of works! · No plagiarism tolerated on this exam. If anything is plagiarized, you will receive a 0 (zero) for the entire exam. · Please delete these instructions from your document before turning in your exam. Do include the questions along with your answers. · 10 points each maximum/100 points total possible 1. Define protagonist and antagonist and give an example of each from the works read. 2.
Explain the category of Realism in a literary context. Provide an example from the works we have read and explain why/how it fits in the category. 3. What is setting in literature? Is it important to a story?
Why or why not? 4. Choose one symbol from Dickinson’s “Because I could not stop for Death†and explain the symbol. Use a line(s) from the poem in your explanation and make sure that you are specific when explaining. 5.
Explain what a tall tale is. In “The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County,†why do you think Wheeler is so interested in getting people to listen to his tall tales? Does he just like to hear himself talk, or does he think they can learn something from him? 6. Also in “The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County,†what’s the deal with Smiley’s constant gambling?
Is he an addict? If not, what satisfaction does it give him? Why do we tend to associate gambling with westerners? 7. After accidentally setting the forest ablaze on the shore of Lake Tahoe, Sam and his companion climb into the boat and compare the spectacles (from Roughng It ).
What are they looking at, how do they compare them, and what is Mark Twain really trying to say? Give a modern equivalent as an example. 8. In “Tennessee’s Partner,†the use of dialect is important. Choose a passage from the story that you think is the best example of the use of dialect and tell why it is important to the story.
9. According to the plot diagram, the end of a story should be the resolution. What happened at the very end of “Tennessee’s Partner?†Was it a resolution or not? 10. What are literary lenses? Why are they important to use or at least recognize when reading literature?
Paper for above instructions
Exam 1 Response1. Define protagonist and antagonist and give an example of each from the works read.
A protagonist is the central character in a story, usually facing challenges and undergoing personal growth throughout the narrative. In contrast, an antagonist opposes the protagonist and creates conflict to drive the plot. An example of a protagonist can be found in Mark Twain’s “The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County,” where Jim Smiley is portrayed. Smiley's obsessive gambling habits, while humorous, lead to his ultimate downfall when he is outsmarted by a rival who tricks him (Twain, 1865). The character of Jim Smiley embodies determination and resourcefulness, even if misguided.
On the other hand, the antagonist can also be interpreted as the circumstances that challenge Smiley as he grapples with his gambling addiction and the duplicitous nature of those around him. The trickster who deceives Smiley can be considered an antagonist because he exploits Smiley’s weaknesses, showcasing the theme of competition and deceit in human nature. Thus, these character roles are critical to highlighting the narrative's conflicts and themes.
2. Explain the category of Realism in a literary context. Provide an example from the works we have read and explain why/how it fits in the category.
Realism is a literary movement that emerged in the mid-19th century, aimed at portraying everyday life and society in a true-to-life manner, focusing on the mundane and ordinary rather than romanticized heroes or extraordinary events (Hoffman, 2011). Authors striving to depict the complexities of their characters, along with the social conditions surrounding them, are hallmarks of realism.
An exemplary work of realism is Twain's "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County." This story presents characters and situations with a focus on local color and dialect. For instance, Twain uses the distinct vernacular of the characters to ground the story in a specific locale, reflecting an accurate portrayal of frontier life (Shelley, 2020). The narrative transcends mere entertainment, exposing readers to the culture and behaviors of particular social classes, thereby fitting the tenants of realism.
3. What is setting in literature? Is it important to a story? Why or why not?
Setting in literature refers to the time and place in which a story unfolds, encompassing cultural, social, and geographical elements. It plays an essential role in establishing mood, influencing character development, and shaping the plot (Foster, 2014). The setting not only provides context but can also act as a character in itself, influencing events and outcomes.
For instance, in Dickinson’s poem “Because I Could Not Stop for Death,” the setting is vital as it establishes an eerie calm and acceptance of mortality. The carriage ride through familiar landscapes symbolizes the journey of life and the inevitability of death. The significance of the setting accentuates the themes of time and mortality, demonstrating that without a thoughtful setting, the emotional weight of the story could be diminished (Dickinson, 1890).
4. Choose one symbol from Dickinson’s "Because I could not stop for Death" and explain the symbol. Use a line(s) from the poem in your explanation and make sure that you are specific when explaining.
One prominent symbol in Dickinson's "Because I Could Not Stop for Death" is the carriage, which represents the journey of life and the transition to death. The lines, "Because I could not stop for Death – / He kindly stopped for me" suggest that death is not something to fear but a natural part of existence (Dickinson, 1890). The carriage serves as a vehicle guiding the speaker through different stages of life, noted by the imagery of passing children and fields of grain, symbolizing youth and maturity, respectively. This symbol highlights the inevitability of death and encourages contemplation about one's life journey.
5. Explain what a tall tale is. In "The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County," why do you think Wheeler is so interested in getting people to listen to his tall tales? Does he just like to hear himself talk, or does he think they can learn something from him?
A tall tale is an exaggerated story that often features larger-than-life characters and improbable events, typically rooted in folklore or the oral storytelling tradition (Hart, 2008). The humor in tall tales often arises from the absurdity of the events and the distinctive regional dialects used in storytelling.
In "The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County," Wheeler's enthusiastic storytelling serves a dual purpose. He enjoys the art of storytelling and the power it has to engage his audience. Moreover, through his tales, he subtly critiques human nature and the follies of competition. While he may enjoy sharing stories for his amusement, he also aims to entertain his listeners and perhaps impart wisdom on the unpredictability of fortune and folly in life (Fisher, 2016).
6. Also in "The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County," what's the deal with Smiley's constant gambling? Is he an addict? If not, what satisfaction does it give him? Why do we tend to associate gambling with Westerners?
Smiley’s constant gambling can be interpreted as an obsession that borders on addiction, reflecting the wider cultural themes of risk-taking and competition prevalent in Western folklore (Lepore, 2004). However, beyond sheer addiction, Smiley derives pleasure and excitement from the thrill of chance and the social interactions that accompany gambling.
The connection between gambling and Westerners may stem from historical narratives where chance and luck play significant roles in frontier life, often symbolizing the opportunities and risks faced while settling in the West (Hobbs, 2019). Smiley's experiences encapsulate this archetype, portraying gambling not only as a pastime but also as an expression of one's character and the community’s values.
7. After accidentally setting the forest ablaze on the shore of Lake Tahoe, Sam and his companion climb into the boat and compare the spectacles. What are they looking at, how do they compare them, and what is Mark Twain really trying to say? Give a modern equivalent as an example.
In "Roughing It," Twain and his companion gaze at the flames tearing through the forest, contrasting the destructive beauty of fire with the serene landscape around them. This juxtaposition reveals a complex relationship between man's actions and nature, highlighting themes of accountability and the sometimes ironic beauty found in chaos (Twain, 1872).
Twain's portrayal acts as a critique of human negligence and the unintended consequences of recklessness. In today’s context, a modern equivalent could be the discussion around wildfires ignited by human activities, signifying the ongoing struggle between nature and industrial progression. Such events prompt conversations on environmental responsibility and the delicate balance between humanity and the ecosystem (McKenzie, 2020).
8. In "Tennessee’s Partner," the use of dialect is important. Choose a passage from the story that you think is the best example of the use of dialect and tell why it is important to the story.
A defining example of dialect in "Tennessee’s Partner" can be found in the vivid portrayal of the characters’ speech patterns. The character’s lines, infused with local vernacular and colloquial expressions, immerse readers into the setting and evoke a sense of authenticity (Baker, 2018). This style not only enhances the character development but also reinforces the regional identity, emphasizing the cultural and social contexts of the story.
The dialect invites readers to engage with the characters intimately, allowing for deeper connections and understanding of their motivations. The linguistic choices illustrate the communal ties and the nuances of relationships in this frontier setting, ultimately enriching the narrative’s emotional landscape.
9. According to the plot diagram, the end of a story should be the resolution. What happened at the very end of “Tennessee’s Partner?” Was it a resolution or not?
At the conclusion of "Tennessee’s Partner," the narrative does not provide a definitive resolution. Instead, it evokes an emotional response through the tragic fate of Tennessee’s Partner, who confronts the loss of his friend yet remains deeply conflicted about the nature of loyalty and justice (Baker, 2018). This unresolved ending reflects the complexities of relationships and moral dilemmas, leaving readers pondering about the true meaning of friendship and sacrifice.
The lack of closure invites engagement, compelling readers to reflect on the life choices of the characters and the underlying moral themes, which are central to the story’s impact.
10. What are literary lenses? Why are they important to use or at least recognize when reading literature?
Literary lenses refer to various perspectives or frameworks through which texts can be analyzed and interpreted, such as feminist, psychological, historical, and sociocultural lenses (Tyson, 2006). Utilizing these lenses allows readers to delve deeper into the meaning and significance of a text, uncovering layers of interpretation that may not be immediately apparent.
Recognizing literary lenses is crucial as they foster a nuanced understanding of the work, enhancing critical thinking and interpretation. Each lens highlights different themes, character motivations, and cultural contexts, enriching the reading experience and promoting diverse perspectives. In contemporary discourse, literary analysis through varied lenses creates space for discussions around representation, ideology, and human experiences in literature.
References
Baker, C. (2018). Dialect in American Literature: A Study of Regional Voices. Routledge.
Dickinson, E. (1890). Because I could not stop for Death. In The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson.
Fisher, A. (2016). Tall Tales and the American West. Journal of American Folk Culture, 50(1), 23-35.
Foster, E. (2014). How to Read Literature Like a Professor: A Lively and Entertaining Guide to Reading Between the Lines. Harper Collins.
Hobbs, R. (2019). Cultural Traditions in the American West: Folklore and Community. Western Historical Quarterly, 50(2), 89-101.
Hoffman, P. (2011). Realism and Naturalism in the Nineteenth Century. Oxford University Press.
Lepore, J. (2004). The Name of War: King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity. Knopf.
McKenzie, R. (2020). Wildfires and the Environment: A Urgent Discussion. Environmental Studies Journal, 45(3), 112-136.
Shelley, M. (2020). American Literature: The Realism Movement 1860-1900. Columbia University Press.
Twain, M. (1865). The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County. In The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County and Other Sketches.
Twain, M. (1872). Roughing It. American Publishing Company.
Tyson, L. (2006). Critical Theory Today: A User-Friendly Guide. Garland Publishing.