Final Paper Empire Comparison Essay Instructions To Demonstrate ✓ Solved

Final Paper Empire Comparison Essay Instructions: To demonstrate your understanding of world civilizations, your final essay will focus on the analysis of the rise and fall of empires/kingdoms throughout the time period in which we studied. Remember, this is NOT a summary of the events or the empire/kingdom, it is an analysis of the similarities and differences. Also, you will be making one last final connection to today's society. For this assignment, pick an empire/kingdom from each group below and develop an essay addressing each of the following components: 1. Compare and contrast the development/creation of the empires/kingdoms.

2. Compare and contrast the decline/fall of the empires/kingdoms. 3. Explain which of the empires/kingdoms you choose had the greatest influence on our society today. Make sure to provide examples of how this civilization can be seen in our society today.

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Babylonian Empire Tang Dynasty Ottoman Empire Greek Empire Mongolian Empire Russian Empire Roman Empire Ghanaian Kingdom British Empire Egyptian Empire Holy Roman Empire Spanish Empire Harappa Empire Anglo-Saxon Empire Shang Dynasty Kingdom of the Franks Kush Kingdom Byzantine Empire Your paper must be 4-5 pages and include a minimum of 5 sources. All work must be in APA format, including in-text citations and a reference list. If you have any specific questions, contact your instructor. Students: Be sure to read the criteria, by which your paper will be evaluated, before you write, and again after you write. The rubric that will be used for grading this assignment is located on the next page.

Unit 8: Empire Comparison Essay HIS 101 – World Civilizations I Evaluation Rubric for Empire Comparison Assignment CRITERIA Deficient Proficient Exemplary Thesis No thesis or unclear or incomplete and does not demonstrate an understanding of social studies concepts. 0-1 Point Weak, inadequately developed, and marginally demonstrates an understanding of social studies concepts. 2-3 Points Clear, well-developed, and demonstrates an understanding of social studies concepts. 4-5 Points Supporting Evidence & Analysis for Development or Creation of Empires Lacks specific, credible, and relevant support OR may include evidence without analysis between empires. 0-6 Points Minimally supported with specific, credible, and relevant evidence.

Provided minimal analysis between empires. 7-13 Points Well supported with a broad spectrum of specific, credible, and relevant evidence. Analysis shows depth, multiple connections drawn between empires. 14-20 Points Supporting Evidence & Analysis for Decline or Fall of Empires Lacks specific, credible, and relevant support OR may include evidence without analysis between empires. 0-6 Points Minimally supported with specific, credible, and relevant evidence.

Provided minimal analysis between empires. 7-13 Points Well supported with a broad spectrum of specific, credible, and relevant evidence. Analysis shows depth, multiple connections drawn between empires. 14-20 Points Supporting Evidence & Analysis for Empires with Greatest Influence on Our Society Today Lacks specific, credible, and relevant support OR may include evidence without analysis between empires. 0-6 Points Minimally supported with specific, credible, and relevant evidence.

Provided minimal analysis between empires. 7-13 Points Well supported with a broad spectrum of specific, credible, and relevant evidence. Analysis shows depth, multiple connections drawn between empires. 14-20 Points Clear and Professional Writing and Format Errors impede professional presentation; guidelines not followed. 0-6 Points Few errors that do not impede professional presentation.

7-13 Points Writing and format is clear, professional, APA compliant, and error free. 14-20 Points Total 85 Points Unit 7 Assignment: Thesis Statement & 5 Sources for Empire Comparison Essay CeTreiva Whitmore Lockett HIS101 – World Civilization Professor Stephanie Staffey December 13, 2020 Introduction Global history has been majorly shaped by the current riots, conflicts, and protest against worldwide terrorism against the west and corporate globalization. These events perfectly fit the description of societies' rise and fall both in ancient times and today. Major world empires such as Austria-Hungary, mandarin China, British, Japan, and Ottoman Turkey collapses in the twentieth century. The underlying support that has facilitated the rise, survival, and decline of all historical societies is the use of their surplus resources and income.

Without these products such as luxuries, arms, food, services, among other products produced by the craftsmen, farmers, traders, and servants, there would be progress in any society, and the society would remain beyond primitive. Without civilization, most world societies would not afford laws and order, protection, spiritual advice, administration defense, cultural production, among other essential details for their survival. This development is so apparent, and it does not even need to be expressed because it defines how the societies rose from chaos to civilization experience. The basic purpose of forming such societies was to acquire tools development unified language and oral traditions to express it appropriately.

Thesis Statement: Extraction and distribution of surplus production play a vital role in the historical transformation, from the ancient Egyptian civilization to the modern 21st century. Sources Bard, K. A. (2015). An introduction to the archaeology of ancient Egypt . John Wiley & Sons.

This source gives an account of the ancient Egyptian civilization that flourished more than 5000 years ago. This source emphasizes that this civilization is credited for many profound architectures, inventions, and social and government structuring. This source explains the three social classes that existed in the ancient era and slaves. The three-class comprises the upper, middle, and lower class. The upper class was made up of the royal family doctors, wealthy landowners, and high priests.

The middle class comprised artisans, skilled laborers, manufacturers and merchants, and the lower class. This source also highlights the scribes who played a key role in ancient Egyptian society. The scribes spend over 12 years to perfect their careers before becoming teachers, librarians, and civil servants. This source differentiates from the classes that emerged later in Europe and China that would be ascended by marriage and hard work. The ancient Egyptians believed in polytheism their derived their Gods from nature deities representing the wind, sky, water trees, and animals.

As civilization progressed and the population grew, they started believing in local Gods alongside the major ones, such as God Ptah. He was worshiped and credited for creating Memphis City in Egypt. The sources also describe how the God-King also knows Pharaoh unified all the people and land of Egypt comprised of 42 providences, also known as nomes , and were headed by nomarchs . Modern Egyptian civilization inventions include creating the first 365-day calendar, usable paper from papyrus, and the first flexible writing system. LIU, R., Pollard, A.

M., LIU, C., & Rawson, J. (2020). Every Cloud has a Silver Lining: Using Silver Concentration to Identify the Number of Sources of Lead used in Shang Dynasty Bronzes. Acta Geologica Sinicaâ€English Edition , 94 (3), . This source expounds about the Shang Dynasty of between 1600 to 1050 BCE. This empire was marked in the mid-Bronze Age in China.

During this era, China experiences immense progress as this dynasty contributed a lot to the Chinese civilization. From the books of history and Chinese records, the Shang Dynasty is credited to have left the archeological evidence of its existence in the first written records. This asertion is evident because two dynasties existed before the Shang dynasty. These dynasties include Neolithic and Xia cultures, although Western scholars claim that there is no evidence to prove it existed. The Shang dynasty contributed a lot to the Chinese civilization.

This source will give the four main contributions of this dynasty and include writing that documented the modern Chinese characters and defining their key principles of writings, bronze technology, use of bronze and chariot weapons in warfare, and stratified governments and society. Luttwak, E. N. (2016). The grand strategy of the Roman Empire: from the first century CE to the third . JHU Press.

This source documents the Roman empire and its contribution to civilization, its rise, and fall. At the height of 117 CE, the Roman empire had the most extensive social and political structure in western civilization. In CE, Emperor Diocletian divided the empire into the western and eastern empires. The roman empire invented many things that we still use today, and modern civilization owes a lot to the roman empire. This source highlights the roman empire's contributions, such as public health programs, religion, architecture, realistic structures, customs, literature works, and other inventions.

These sources also further highlight the cause of the fall of the Roman empire. This source highlights all the possible theories that led to this civilization's fall. These theories range from the conflicts between the emperors and the senate, embezzlement of funds, Economic decline, political corruption, military spending, and others. Vasunia, P. (2011). The comparative study of empires.

The Journal of Roman Studies , 101 , . This source gives a comparative study of empires. The authors in this paper give an insightful comparison of British and Roman imperialism. This analysis gives a retrospective perspective of the Greek thoughts on religion and the anti-colonial movements. These articles compare the empires to sharpen the distinctive nature of objectives under scrutiny and clarify phenomena.

This comparison helps seek these civilizations' genuine contributions and strengthens our understanding of contemporary society's long-standing assumptions and critical issues. The author in this source seeks to demystify and change the historical outlook. This source also attempts to compare China and Rome's writing and their different perspective, conceding the same. It also highlights their contribution of the biopower, mobilization of individuals and bodies, standardizing, categorize, and the Chinese challenges and their obsession with organizing bodies for their productive activities. Chase-Dunn, C., Niemeyer, R., Alvarez, A., Inoue, H., Lawrence, K., & Love, J. (2012).

Cycles of Rise and Fall, Upsweeps and Collapses: Changes in the scale of settlements and polities since the Bronze Age. Globalistics and Globalization Studies , 79. This source gives the reason as to how the empires rise and fall. It accounts for the cycle rise and the collapse of empires, evolution, population, and global trade governance since the bronze age. It notes that ever since the start of modernization, there is a distinct long-term trend of bulging population and territorial size.

However, this trend has not been visible in recent centuries because it has been masked by the colonization and emergence of nation-states that have increased the formation of smaller territorial counties. This source also highlights the growth and emergence of an international political organization. Additionally, there has been an increase in expanded global participation of civilians in the international political organization.

Paper for above instructions

The examination of empires provides crucial insights into the socio-political dynamics and the historical trajectory of civilizations. This essay applies a comparative analysis of two significant empires: the Roman Empire and the Ottoman Empire. Both empires occupied pivotal roles in shaping world history but did so through different mechanisms and philosophies. The development and eventual decline of these empires will be contrasted, followed by a discussion on their enduring influences on contemporary society.

Development and Creation of Empires

The Roman Empire (27 BC - AD 476) laid the groundwork for contemporary Western civilization (Luttwak, 2016). Its expansion was primarily driven by military conquests and robust infrastructure. The Romans built extensive road networks that facilitated trade and communication across their territory, allowing for economic prosperity (Horsley, 2013). The empire’s governance relied on a complex legal system and a focus on civic duty, which fostered loyalty among the conquered peoples (Baker, 2013). The Pax Romana (Roman Peace) provided a period of relative stability and unity, which was crucial for integrating diverse cultures and facilitating trade.
In contrast, the Ottoman Empire (1299 - 1922) grew from a small principality into a vast empire through a combination of military prowess and diplomacy (Eralp, 2020). The Ottomans adopted a policy of religious tolerance compared to earlier Islamic conquests, which allowed them to integrate various cultures, fostering a more cohesive society (Kafadar, 1995). The legal and administrative framework of the Ottomans, characterized by the millet system, empowered various religious communities, promoting societal stability and economic growth (Babic, 2017). Additionally, the empire’s strategic location bridged Europe and Asia, facilitating immense trade opportunities and cultural exchange.
While both empires place significant emphasis on military conquest, the Romans were more focused on direct rule and integration, whereas the Ottomans used a more decentralized approach that allowed for local governance, resulting in more extensive cultural assimilation. Nevertheless, both empires exemplify how military success, coupled with effective governance structures and cultural integration, can lead to the creation of some of history's most significant societies.

Decline and Fall of Empires

The decline of the Roman Empire is often attributed to a combination of internal strife and external pressures. Political instability marked by a succession of ineffective emperors, economic difficulties including rampant inflation, and widespread corruption weakened the state (Horsley, 2013). Additionally, from the 3rd century AD onwards, barbarian invasions exacerbated the empire's vulnerabilities, culminating in the sacking of Rome in 410 AD and the eventual fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD (Luttwak, 2016). The Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantine Empire, managed to survive for almost a thousand more years, primarily due to its fortified capital of Constantinople and its adaptability to changing circumstances (Goffman, 2007).
On the other hand, the decline of the Ottoman Empire can be attributed to various factors, including military defeats against European powers, economic stagnation, and the rise of nationalist movements within its territory during the 19th century (Eralp, 2020). The empire struggled to cope with the challenges of modernization, leading to a gradual loss of territories and ultimately culminating in its disintegration following World War I (Shaw & Shaw, 1976). Following the war, the fall was cemented by the establishment of a nationalist Turkish republic under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, which officially abolished the Ottoman Sultanate in 1922 (Kafadar, 1995).
In summary, both empires faced significant threats that contributed to their downfall; however, they diverged in their approaches to governance and adaptation during crises. The Roman Empire's reliance on centralized authority rendered it less flexible, while the Ottoman Empire's decentralized millet system, though initially beneficial, ultimately succumbed to rising nationalist tensions and external pressures.

Influence on Modern Society

Both the Roman and Ottoman Empires left indelible marks on contemporary society. The Roman Empire's contributions to law, government, architecture, and language are particularly profound. The legal systems of many modern nations derive from Roman law principles, which emphasize justice and the rights of individuals (Baker, 2013). Additionally, Roman architectural techniques continue to influence modern engineering, as seen in the design of governmental buildings and infrastructure worldwide (Horsley, 2013).
Conversely, the Ottoman Empire's influence manifests in various areas as well. Its legacy in art, music, and cuisine remains prevalent, particularly in regions that were once part of the empire (Eralp, 2020). Furthermore, the principles of governance and administrative systems established during the Ottoman era, particularly the millet system, are echoed in contemporary multicultural societies where diverse religious and ethnic communities coexist. The notion of tolerance and cultural exchange continues to resonate in modern diplomatic practices, especially in diverse nations (Babic, 2017).
Despite their fall, both empires exemplify the potential for cultural synthesis and administrative innovation, which remain relevant in the age of globalization. The Roman and Ottoman legacies provide valuable lessons on the complexities of governance, cultural integration, and the fragile nature of power.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Roman Empire and the Ottoman Empire exemplify two contrasting yet fascinating narratives in the history of world civilizations. Their rise was marked by military conquests and strategic governance, while their declines were influenced by internal and external challenges. The enduring influences of these empires on modern society underscore their significance in the historical discourse. Analyzing the similarities and differences in their development and decline provides vital insights into understanding the dynamics of power and cultural interaction, themes that remain salient in today's global society.

References

Babic, H. (2017). The Ottoman Legacy: Secularism and Religion in the Modern World. Cambridge University Press.
Baker, C. (2013). Roman Identity and the Emperor. Yale University Press.
Eralp, A. (2020). The Ottoman Empire: A Short History from Beginning to End. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
Goffman, D. (2007). The Ottoman Empire and Early Modern Europe. Cambridge University Press.
Horsley, R. (2013). Paul and Empire: Religion and Power in Roman Imperial Society. Trinity Press International.
Kafadar, C. (1995). An Ottoman Tragedy: Histories of A War in the Balkans. University of California Press.
Luttwak, E. N. (2016). The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire: From the First Century A.D. to the Third. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Shaw, S. J., & Shaw, E. K. (1976). History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey. Cambridge University Press.
Vasunia, P. (2011). The comparative study of empires. The Journal of Roman Studies, 101, 1-23.