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Formative Guidelines and Rubric6.html Overview In this assignment, you will create a research question to add to your ePortfolio. Prompt In your final course in the Criminal Justice program, you will create a research question that you will then investigate further. To assist you in this task, we will provide a list of current research topics covered in each course and ask you to submit for instructor feedback at least one research question based on a topic covered in that course. Using the topics listed below (or others covered in this course), create one to three research questions and submit them to your instructor. This research question assignment is graded based on completion, and instructor feedback should help you strengthen your questions for future use.

After you have submitted these questions to your instructor, upload the questions (and the list of potential topics below, if you wish) to your ePortfolio . For more information on creating research questions, refer to this research resource from the Shapiro Library . This page also has a helpful FAQ section on research question creation and expectations that you may want to explore further. Note: If this is the first time you are submitting a research question to support your work in the final course, you should create a folder within your ePortfolio with the title “Research Questions,†as you will be adding questions to this folder throughout the program. Follow these ePortfolio folder instructions on creating a folder within your ePortfolio.

Topics: The various goals of sentencing The notable surge in incarceration rates Different sentencing structures and their impacts Aspects of prison culture; the “inmate code†Different organizational structures within corrections Different physical structures within corrections Prison Rape Elimination Act; sexual violence in corrections The “invisible punishment†involved in being a felon Issues of race in corrections Corrections issues regarding women and persons who identify as transgender Programs that stress rehabilitation Issues in juvenile corrections Geriatric population in corrections How to decrease recidivism rates Specifically, the following rubric criteria must be addressed: Submit one to three research questions based on a topic covered in this course.

Guidelines for Submission This assignment must be completed in written format. Module Eight Practice Activity Rubric Criteria Complete (100%) Not Complete (0%) Value Articulation of Response Clearly conveys meaning with correct grammar, sentence structure, and spelling Submission has critical errors in grammar, sentence structure, and spelling 10 Research Question(s) Submits research question(s) based on a topic covered in this course Does not submit research question(s) based on a topic covered in this course 90 Total: 100% CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM 6 Research Questions High incarceration rates are my research issue in criminal justice. Criminal justice comprises law enforcement agencies that include police, courts, and correctional services.

Each of these parties has delegated roles to play in ensuring that citizens adhere to the law; they are protected, offenders are arrested, and prevent the possibility of people engaging in crimes (Telep, 2016). The criminal justice system has established processes that are established by the governments that control crime and enforce penalties on the people who violate the law. Therefore researching it engages in facilitating more thoughts and insights into the sector by enhancing more education into criminal justice studies. There is the use of empirical research methods that are being used in determining the phenomena that affect the criminologists. The study furthers the criminal justice studies with both qualitative and quantitative research in evaluating the issues facing the sector.

The education for the criminal justice parties interests me as I would like to understand the training offered to the people in the sector. The knowledge, they are provided within ensuring that they delegate their duties effectively and with great professionalism (Annie, 2020). The sector carries a large number of people who are crucial in ensuring that the laws provided by the Constitution are adhered to by citizens. There is a need for criminal justice to be improved to facilitate more insights on getting better methods for enhancing law adherence. Another concept that relates to my issue of high rates of imprisonment is ethical practices in the sector.

Law enforcers need to portray integrity and honesty in delivering their obligations to ensure that the conviction process does not favor particular individuals. The law enforcers' integral values need to be examined to ensure that people who are alleged to have broken the law are brought to justice through clear and concrete evidence (Heaton and Tong, 2016). The law enforcers should not engage in unlawful activities that cover up crimes for influential people in the society in the event of breaking the law. Ethics should facilitate the conduct of the criminal justice system in reducing imprisonment rates. The issue of substance abuse that has increased in correctional facilities pose a major threat to the obligation of criminal justice protecting the public.

This issue relates to the increase in conviction rates as the correctional facilities have failed to restrict the use of illegal drugs. The cases of heroin use in prisons may be a factor to consider in evaluating the increase in rates of conviction (Tilley and Laycock, 2018). The criminal justice system need to facilitate avenues that can be used to reduce the rates and come up with accurate research for interviewing and assessing the correctional facilities to ensure compliance with the law. Policy-making in criminal justice is another concept that relates to the research interest. The making of policies determines the ability of criminal justice to exercise its duties according to the law.

The absence of strong policies that govern criminal justice hinders effective carrying out of operations of the sector. This compromises the issues related to justice delivery as the major elements lack the mandate and resources that can facilitate the achievement of justice (Bowers et al. 2017). The increase in high incarceration rates may be founded on the inadequacy of relevant policies set for the department to practice justice. When there are weak policies, criminal justice is weak and unable to exercise their jurisdiction effectively.

Criminal justice should incorporate the use of people who had been convicted and later released to help prevent crime. The police can benefit from the narrations by the parties to note the various ways in which crimes occur (Chapman, 2016). The police can use the narratives to influence the people towards adhering to the laws as they will have the idea of the consequences of breaking the law. The concept relates to the incarceration rate as it facilitates criminal justice with knowledge of methods of gathering data that is useful in crime prevention. The police are able to get knowledge of the information that underlies criminal activities that they did not have knowledge about.

I would develop these research questions to help focus on a high incarceration rate, which is my topic. What do you think are the major drives that are responsible for the high conviction rates in the country and on global grounds? What comes to mind when you hear high incarceration rates in the country and globally? Is the criminal justice system to blame for the high incarceration rates in the country? From your answer, why do you think so?

What do you think or propose the criminal justice should do to prevent crime and foster adherence of the law? If I was to do a literature review, I would choose my topic, which is a high incarceration rate. I would engage in evaluating the available reviews on the topic. I would strategically isolate the variables that I find most appealing and important to the topic. I would derive the major challenges that have been recorded in the past using data from my country and from other countries to increase my scope of knowledge.

Then I would generate a conceptual framework. The open-ended questions that I would ask the willing participants in the project would help me gather more information about the topic. I would develop these open-ended questions for the participants. What is criminal justice in your view? How has criminal justice increased the crime rates in your locality?

What do you think can be done to improve the criminal justice system? Who do you think is to blame for high incarceration rates, and what reasons do you have for your answer? How credible do you think criminal justice is in preventing crime rates? What aspects would you introduce into the criminal justice system to ensure that it functions with integrity and honesty? What do you think are the barriers to effective exercising of duties of criminal justice?

What do you think of using ex-offender narratives by police to prevent crime? What changes would you suggest to reduce the incarceration rate? References Annie, S. (2020, January 8). The Purpose of Learning Research in Criminal Justice. Retrieved from Bowers, K., Tompson, L., Sidebottom, A., Bullock, K., & Johnson, S.

D. (2017). Reviewing evidence for evidence-based policing. In Advances in evidence-based policing (pp. 98-116). Routledge.

Retrieved from: Chapman, B. (2016). Research on the Impact of Technology on Policing Strategy in the 21st Century. Retrieved from: Heaton, R., & Tong, S. (2016). Evidence-based policing: from effectiveness to cost-effectiveness. Policing: a journal of policy and practice , 10 (1), 60-70.

Retrieved from Telep, C. W. (2016). Expanding the scope of evidence-based policing. Criminology & Pub. Pol'y , 15 , 243.

Retrieved from: Tilley, N., & Laycock, G. (2018). Developing a knowledge base for crime prevention: lessons learned from the British experience. Crime Prevention and Community Safety , 20 (4), . doi:10.1057/s

Paper for above instructions

Research Questions on High Incarceration Rates

Introduction

High incarceration rates remain a pressing issue within the criminal justice system in many countries worldwide. Understanding the underlying factors driving these rates is crucial for policymakers, practitioners, and academia to articulate effective solutions. This paper presents an exploration of the various dimensions impacting high incarceration rates, focusing on ethics, policy-making, rehabilitation, and community engagement.
The significance of understanding high incarceration rates is underscored by the interdependence between crime rates, public safety, and the socio-economic impacts that large prison populations impose on communities. In this context, several research questions have been formulated to delve deeper into the factors contributing to high incarceration rates and potential pathways to reform.

Proposed Research Questions

1. What are the primary factors driving the high incarceration rates in the United States and other global contexts?
2. What role does the ethical behavior of law enforcement play in exacerbating or mitigating incarceration rates?
3. How effective are rehabilitation programs in reducing recidivism rates and overall incarceration numbers?

Analysis of Research Questions

Question 1: Primary Factors Driving High Incarceration Rates

High incarceration rates are frequently associated with several socioeconomic and structural factors. Growing evidence indicates that systemic inequalities—particularly those based on race, poverty, and geography—significantly influence incarceration outcomes (Alexander, 2010). Understanding these primary factors is essential for designing intervention policies that promote social equity.
Research indicates that marginalized groups are disproportionately affected by harsher sentencing laws and policing practices (Pager, 2007). In this context, comprehension of the political, economic, and social control mechanisms at play offers a comprehensive platform for analyzing the cycles of incarceration.
Additional factors such as the "War on Drugs" policies have led to increased incarceration rates among drug offenders, particularly for nonviolent crimes (Mauer, 2006). Studies suggest that examining the influence of historical policies will reveal whether the current high rates of incarceration are justified or a byproduct of poor policy decisions.

Question 2: Ethics in Law Enforcement

The criminal justice system's integrity relies heavily on the ethical behavior of its law enforcement agencies. Trust between communities and law enforcement is essential in preventing crime and promoting cooperation. However, ethical lapses—such as corruption, misconduct, or racial profiling—have been well-documented and have prompted public outcry across various countries (Bannon et al., 2010).
Research questions surrounding ethics can probe into the correlation between law enforcement integrity and incarceration rates. For example, does improved ethical conduct by law enforcement lead to lower incarceration rates? Investigating ethical training in police work could unveil its effectiveness as a deterrent to misconduct and, by extension, the machinery driving incarceration rates.

Question 3: Rehabilitation Programs and Recidivism

Focusing on the efficacy of rehabilitation programs presents an opportunity to examine a proactive approach to mitigating high incarceration rates. Numerous studies have indicated that rehabilitative initiatives, such as vocational training, mental health counseling, and educational programs, can reduce recidivism and reintegrate offenders into society (Davis et al., 2013).
Exploring the relationship between rehabilitation and recidivism rates allows for critical evaluation. For example, how do specific programs impact recidivism rates differently across gender or age demographics? Furthermore, what are the implications for policymakers and practitioners if rehabilitation programs prove successful in reducing incarceration levels?

Conclusion

The proposed research questions aim to address the multifaceted nature of high incarceration rates within the criminal justice system. Each question focuses on core principles that affect incarceration, from socio-political factors and ethical behaviors of law enforcement to the efficacy of rehabilitation programs. By further investigating these areas, we can potentially uncover impactful strategies to reform the criminal justice system and reduce rates of incarceration.

References

1. Alexander, M. (2010). The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. The New Press.
2. Bannon, A., Nagrecha, M., & Dillingham, R. (2010). Criminal Justice Debt: A Barrier to Reentry. Brennan Center for Justice.
3. Davis, L. M., Zucker, J. R., & Ritchie, A. (2013). The Impact of Incarceration on Crime: A Review of the Evidence. RAND Corporation.
4. Mauer, M. (2006). Race to Incarcerate. New Press.
5. Pager, D. (2007). Marked: Race, Crime, and Finding Work in an Era of Mass Incarceration. University of Chicago Press.
6. Telep, C. W. (2016). Expanding the Scope of Evidence-Based Policing. Criminology & Public Policy, 15, 243-260.
7. Heaton, R., & Tong, S. (2016). Evidence-based policing: From effectiveness to cost-effectiveness. Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice, 10(1), 60-70.
8. Tilley, N., & Laycock, G. (2018). Developing a Knowledge Base for Crime Prevention: Lessons Learned from the British Experience. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 20(4), 1-12.
9. Chapman, B. (2016). Research on the Impact of Technology on Policing Strategy in the 21st Century. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 32(3), 246-262.
10. Bowers, K., Tompson, L., Sidebottom, A., Bullock, K., & Johnson, S. D. (2017). Reviewing evidence for evidence-based policing. In Advances in evidence-based policing (pp. 98-116). Routledge.
This structured exploration of the proposed research questions not only provides a comprehensive understanding of high incarceration rates but also lays the groundwork for critical analysis and effective recommendations for reform within the criminal justice system.