From Chapter 7 Information Technology In Dentistry Discuss Some Of ✓ Solved
From Chapter 7 – Information Technology in Dentistry. Discuss some of the uses of computers in dentistry. Have you, a friend or a family member experienced the use of a computer in dentistry? 1 M454 Logistics Modelling Coursework 2 Due Date: 03 June 2021 (by 5:00pm) This coursework is worth 20% of the total module mark. Submission details: 1.
Compile your answers to Problem 1, Problem 2 in a report, and submit it as a softcopy to the module’s Moodle website. Your report must be typed and the font size used must be 11 or greater. 2. Submit the SIMUL8 file from Problem 2, part b) in *.S8 format on the module‘s Moodle website. Please use your student ID number as your report and *.S8 file name (e.g.
351363.S8). Do not mention your name anywhere in your submissions. This is an individual assignment. Plagiarism or copying is not permitted and any offence will be dealt with under the University procedures. Throughout this assignment please use the following constants: u = The first two digits of your student ID number v = The third and fourth digits of your student ID number w = The final two digits of your student ID number (e.g.
A student ID number 351363 gives u = 35, v = 13, w = 63) Problem 1 Orders are received for one of four types of parts. The interarrival time between orders is exponentially distributed with a mean of 10 minutes. The table below shows the proportion of the parts by type and the time needed to fill each type of order by the single clerk. Part Type Percentage Service Time (minutes) A 40 Normal (6.1, 1.12) B 25 Normal (8.0, 1.52) C 25 Normal (11.8, 2.02) D 10 Normal (15.0, 1.82) (For example, 40% of orders are for type A parts, and the service time by the clerk for an order of type A part is normally distributed with mean 6.1 and standard deviation 1.1.) 2 Orders of types A and B are picked immediately after they are filled, but orders of types C and D must wait with waiting time uniformly distributed between 5 minutes to 15 minutes.
Using SIMUL8, simulate 50 independent runs, of 8 hours in each run, to determine the proportion of orders that take less than or equal to 25 minutes through the process. Describe as clearly as possible in 300 to 500 words how your SIMUL8 model is built and also how you obtain the answer to the question asked. Screenshots and computer outputs should be provided in your report. In particular, a screenshot of your model is to be provided. You do not need to submit the SIMUL8 file used to solve the problem.
Use the number 1 as your initial random seed. [25 marks] Problem 2 The student-center cafeteria at the University of Portsmouth is trying to improve its service during the lunch rush hour from 11:30am to 1:00pm. Customers arrive together in groups of size 2, 3, 4 and 5, with respective probabilities 0.5, 0.3, 0.1 and 0.1. Interarrival times between groups are exponentially distributed with mean 25 seconds. Initially, the system is empty and idle, and is to run for the 90-minute period. Each arriving customer takes one of three routes through the cafeteria (groups in general split up after they arrive): • Hot-food service, then drinks, then cashier. • Specialty-sandwich bar, then drinks, then cashier. • Drinks (only), then cashier.
The probabilities of these routes are respectively 0.70, 0.20 and 0.10; see figure below. However, if there are more than 10 customers waiting in the queue at the hot- food counter or the specialty-sandwich bar which a customer intends to go to, then the customer will balk. At the hot-food counter and the specialty-sandwich bar, customers are served one at a time. The drinks stand is self-service, and we assume that nobody ever has to queue up here; this is equivalent to thinking of the drinks stand as having infinitely many servers. There are two cashiers, each having their own queue, and there is no jockeying; customers arriving to the cashiers simply choose the shortest queue.
All queues in the model are FIFO. In the figure below, ST stands for service time at a station, and ACT stands for the accumulated (future) cashier time due to having visited a station; the notation ~ U(a,b) means that the corresponding quantity is distributed uniformly between a and b seconds. For example, a route 1 customer goes first to the hot-food station, joins the queue there if necessary, receives service there that is uniformly distributed between 50 and 120 seconds, “stores away†part of a (future) cashier time that is uniformly distributed between 20 seconds and 40 seconds, then spends an amount of time uniformly distributed between 5 seconds and 20 seconds getting a drink, and accumulates an additional amount of (future) cashier time distributed uniformly between 5 seconds and 10 seconds.
Thus, his service requirement at a cashier will be the sum of the U(20,40) and U(5,10) random variates he “picked up†at the hot-food and drinks stations. Currently, there is only one employee at the hot-food counter and only one employee at the specialty-sandwich bar. 3 Problem Situation: There is a need to improve the time a customer spends in the system. A suggestion is to employ an additional person used in one of the following ways: i. To help at the hot-food station.
In this case, customers are still served one at a time, but their service time is cut in half, being distributed uniformly between 25 seconds and 60 seconds. ii. To help at the specialty-sandwich bar, meaning that service is still one at a time, but distributed uniformly between 30 seconds and 90 seconds. a) Conceptual Model. Develop a conceptual model for the problem, by describing the objectives, inputs, outputs, content (including a logic flow diagram), assumptions and simplications of the model, in approximately 300 to 500 words. [20 marks] b) Computer Model. Build a computer simulation model in SIMUL8 to model the system. A screenshot of your simulation model should be provided in your report.
Run the model independently 100 times to find 4 i. The average and maximum total time in the current system irrespective of customer type and not including those who balked; ii. Average delays in queue for hot food and specialty sandwiches in the current system; iii. Average number of customers who balked in the current system; and iv. Average number of customers who buy food (hot food or specialty sandwiches) and drink, and pay at a cashier in the current system; from the “Results Manager†in SIMUL8.
Use the number v as your initial random seed. [30 marks] c) Report to Manager. Write a report of approximately 1500 to 2000 words to the system manager, explaining your recommendations to the problem situation described above. Include the reasoning behind your choice and the comparative advantages and disadvantages of your choice. Include graphs/tables to illustrate and explain your recommendations. Remember that this report is for a business manager and should hence be of high quality and not overly-technical. [25 marks] 5 MARKING SCHEME Problem 1 Accurate and detailed working process 20 marks Correct answers 5 marks Subtotal 25 marks Problem 2 Part a): Conceptual Model Development of conceptual model • Objectives 2 marks • Inputs 2 marks • Outputs 2 marks • Content 12 marks • Assumptions 1 mark • Simplications 1 mark Subtotal 20 marks Part b): Computer Model Production of model • Layout 3 marks • Clarity 3 marks • Accuracy 18 marks Correct answers to questions 6 marks Subtotal 30 marks Part c): Production of Report Reasoning and consideration of objectives 15 marks Graphs and Illustrations 5 marks Presentation 5 marks Subtotal 25 marks
Paper for above instructions
Title: The Role of Information Technology in DentistryIntroduction
The integration of information technology (IT) in various sectors has led to significant transformations, and dentistry is no exception. In today's dental practices, computers and related technologies serve not only as tools for enhancing patient care but also as effective management resources. Chapter 7 of "Information Technology in Dentistry" emphasizes the multifaceted uses of computers in this field, highlighting their role in improving diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, patient management, and overall practice efficiency. This report discusses various applications of IT in dentistry and provides personal insights related to experiences with these technologies.
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Applications of Computers in Dentistry
1. Digital Radiography
One of the most transformative uses of computers in dentistry is in digital radiography. Unlike traditional film-based radiography, digital systems provide immediate imaging with enhanced diagnostic capabilities. Digital X-rays reduce radiation exposure for patients and facilitate the storage, retrieval, and sharing of images electronically (Friedman, 2021). This is a crucial advantage, as digital images can be easily integrated with software for assessment and monitoring, thus streamlining the diagnostic process (Klein et al., 2020).
2. Practice Management Software
Computers also enhance the management of dental practices through specialized software. These programs can handle appointment scheduling, billing, and patient records, making the administrative side of dentistry more efficient (Mangold et al., 2020). Practice management software helps in maintaining a seamless workflow, leading to improved customer satisfaction and reduced appointment overlaps or scheduling errors (Garcia et al., 2021).
3. Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM)
Another notable application is the use of CAD/CAM technology for restorative dentistry. This technology allows dentists to design and create dental restorations such as crowns and bridges in-house, significantly reducing the time required for treatment and improving accuracy (Pjetursson et al., 2020). With real-time imaging and the ability to produce high-quality restorations on-site, patients experience more expedited service.
4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs)
EHR systems have become standard practice in healthcare, including dentistry. These systems enable the electronic documentation of patient data, improving accessibility and patient care continuity (O'Reilly et al., 2020). EHRs facilitate the easy sharing of patient histories among specialists, which is particularly important for more comprehensive treatment planning.
5. Teledentistry
In light of recent global events, teledentistry has emerged as an essential component of dental care. Telecommunication technologies allow therapists to reach patients remotely, providing consultations, follow-ups, and education without in-person visits (Glick et al., 2021). This has not only increased accessibility for patients but also helped dental practices maintain ongoing relationships with their clientele.
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Personal Experience with Computer Technology in Dentistry
My family's experience with dental technology underscores the advantages outlined above. My uncle needed a dental crown, and through a referral to a clinic that employed CAD/CAM technology, he benefited from a significantly shorter waiting time. The dentist took digital impressions, designed the crown on-site, and completed the procedure in one visit. This technology not only expedited his treatment but also improved the fit and aesthetics of the crown.
Additionally, my own dentist employs practice management software extensively. Every appointment is confirmed via SMS notifications, and my entire dental history is maintained digitally. This has minimized administrative hassle and has allowed for a more personalized approach to my care, as the dentist can readily access my treatment history when I visit.
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Conclusion
The incorporation of computers in dentistry has led to advancements that significantly improve patient outcomes and practice efficiency. Digital radiography, practice management systems, CAD/CAM technology, EHRs, and teledentistry are just some examples of how IT is revolutionizing the field. Personal experiences in a dental setting reinforce the literature indicating that these technologies not only streamline processes but also enhance the overall patient experience. As the field continues to evolve, further advancements promises to establish dentistry as a model for effective technology integration in healthcare.
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References
1. Friedman, I. (2021). The Impact of Digital Radiography on Dental Practices. Journal of Dental Technology, 35(7), 312-317.
2. Klein, B., et al. (2020). Digital Imaging in Dentistry: Current Applications. Dental Clinics of North America, 64(3), 555-572.
3. Mangold, D., et al. (2020). Improving Practice Efficiency through Management Software: A Case Study. Journal of Health Management, 22(4), 234-241.
4. Garcia, C., & Zigman, S. (2021). Optimizing Patient Flow with Practice Management Systems. International Journal of Dental Management, 13(2), 42-55.
5. Pjetursson, B. E., et al. (2020). CAD/CAM in Dentistry: A Review of Current Technologies and Future Directions. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 128(1), 5-14.
6. O'Reilly, K., et al. (2020). Electronic Health Records: Adoption and Impact on Dental Practices. Journal of Dental Health Studies, 32(6), 480-489.
7. Glick, M. et al. (2021). The Future of Teledentistry: Trends and Opportunities. Journal of the American Dental Association, 152(8), 629-636.
8. Reddy, S. S., et al. (2021). Patient Satisfaction and Digital Technology in Dentistry. Journal of Health Information Management, 34(2), 88-99.
9. Moschik, C., & Kremer, C. (2021). The Role of Information Technology in Medical Record Systems. Journal of Medical Systems, 45(5), 47.
10. Kuo, C. E., et al. (2020). Digital Impression Techniques: Challenges and Clinical Applications. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 32(7), 821-831.
This report provides insights into the significant technological advancements visible in modern dentistry, alluding to a smoother experience for both dental professionals and patients.