Htm 424 Tourism Managementmid Term Examhelp Sheetthe Following Is A Pa ✓ Solved

HTM 424 Tourism Management Mid-Term Exam Help Sheet The following is a partial list of topics that will likely be on the mid-term exam. In addition to these items, exam questions will be derived from lectures, textbook (chapter reading and glossary), power points, assigned readings, and guest’s lecturers. A number of possible essay/short answer questions are also listed below. 2-3 of these essay questions will be presented on the final exam. In order to do well, students must study from all sources.

This includes outside readings. · Multiplier effect definition, formula · What is tourism? Define, purpose of, import vs. export · What are the economic benefits of tourism? · Supply and demand aspects of tourism · What factors impact destinations competitiveness? · What are the aims of tourism development? · What are the pros/cons of tourism development? · What is tourism infrastructure? · Understand the concept and types of tourism policy? · What are the different types of tourism policies? · What is ecotourism? Sustainability? · What is the Global Sustainable Tourism Council? · What is marketing? Market segment? · Be able to describe and understand what a tourist is and be able to describe his/her characteristics. · What are the general trends in tourism growth worldwide? · Be familiar with Crouch and Ritchie’s (1999) article on tourism, competitiveness ad societal prosperity. · Review and be able to recite the origins of travel, the earliest tourist attractions. · What are the different sectors of the tourism industry? · Be familiar with how tourists spend their tourist dollars (i.e. what) and how this impacts a destination. · Understand the five core marketing concepts as outlined n the course lecture · Be familiar with the channels of distribution and typical bases for market segmentation Essay/Short Answer Questions · Goeldner and Ritchie (2012) describe the tourism supply components in their textbook.

List and describe the four broad categories discussed in their textbook. · Define "tourism policy" and list the three areas tourism policies typically address. · Be able to define tourism. · What are the four different perspectives that Tourism encompasses · What is the definition of an international visitor? · Know and be able to define the two types of visitors · What are the benefits and disadvantages of tourism (3 categories) · What are the (8) reasons that so many people travel today? · Define hospitality as specified by Brotherton (1999) · Name and define the four (4) attributes of hospitality as specified by Brotherton (1999) The Exam will also cover the outside readings list on the course syllabus.

Please be prepared to answer questions pertaining to those readings. Understanding the Role of Healthcare Management Michelle Rush COLLAPSE Top of Form Healthcare management is responsible for seeking out the daily activities and performance of its assigned department. It is important for those that are seeking their career in healthcare management that they full understand the roles and responsibilities they will be expected to carry out on a daily basis. Not only is it the manager’s job to ensure performance is meeting all expectations and make important decisions that shape the organization, but, they also must possess good communication skills within the team. “Health care managers, also known as health care administrators or executives, plan, direct, coordinate, and supervise the delivery of health care†(Taylor et al., 2007).

Managers must at all times remember the mission, vision and goals of the organization which they are employed. There are six different functions that managers must carry out when taking on a management position which include; planning, organizing, staffing, controlling, directing, and decision making. Planning Planning involves the manager to think about which direction issues need to be addressed and setting priorities to ensure the performance targets are being met. When planning the direction a manager wants to take and setting these priorities it is especially important that they keep in mind how their decisions affect the quality of patient care within the organization. “Strategic planning is the systematic process whereby an organization creates a document indicating the way it plans to progress from its current situation to the desired future situation†(Sadeghifar, et al., 2014).

Organizing Within this function the manager must be willing to, “designate reporting relationships and intentional patterns of interaction†(Buchbinder & Thompason, p. 20). This is when the manager assigns tasks to different employees and ensures that all employees understand their tasks and deadlines. Mangers must have good technical skills in order to perform certain work tasks within the organization. Staffing This is the function where the manager maintains a full staff schedule and when needed hires the appropriate employees to fill in positions for previously resigned employees.

It is important that the manager takes into consideration how this new said employee would best fit with not only the organization, but also the members of the department. The manager works with human resources to ensure they are hiring the best fit for the organization. During the staffing process the manager will review resumes, call for interviews, conduct the interview, speak with human resources, and decide which candidate is best for the job at hand. It is also important that the new hire gets along with the rest of the current staff, so this is something the manager would take into consideration as well. Controlling The manager is responsible for ensuring the activities and performance of each employee.

When an employee is not reaching their full potential in their line of work it needs to be addressed professionally and if not further action needs to be taken. “Effective healthcare management is essential for the creation of a high performing healthcare delivery system†(Linnander, et al., 2017). When a manager points out an employee that is going above and beyond in their line of work this usually will help motivate other employees to want to do the same. At the same time, it is necessary for managers to point out when an employee is not doing their job and things they need to work on, this type of communication can be done one on one. As mentioned in Galatians 6: 3-4, “For if anyone thinks he is something, when he is nothing, he deceives himself.

But let each one test his own work, and then his reason to boast will be in himself alone and not in his neighbor. Directing It is very important that all managers get along with their staff and provide an easy going work environment. In this function, the manager can discuss certain issues with the staff and redirect them professionally when needed. In 1 Timothy 4:16 it states, “Keep a close watch on yourself and on the teaching. Persist in this, for by so doing you will save both yourself and your hearersâ€.

It is important that as a manager you also watch what it is you are doing because you have your team watching you as their manager. Teams learn and lead by example and if a manager is not following that example then why should they be expected to. Decision Making “This function is critical to all of the aforementioned management functions and means making effective decisions based on consideration of benefits and the drawbacks of alternatives†(Buchbinder & Thompason, p. 21). Decision making is very crucial in the world of healthcare because without the proper knowledge the budget can be overspent and money can be wasted.

Managers must possess great conceptual skills in order to make the best decisions for its organization. “Decision making in the health system has a significant relationship with the research findings and knowledge available in this field†(Roohi, et al., 2020). Ensuring High Performance in a Business Unit In order for any manager in healthcare to ensure high performance, they must first be able to manage themselves effectively. “This means managing time, information, space, and materials†(Buchbinder & Thompson, p. 25).

Managers must maintain a positive attitude daily, and be willing to help motivate their staff when needed. This, along with many other attributes, will help strive employees to perform better in their daily tasks. “To understand performance, one has to appreciate the value of setting and meeting goals and objectives for the unit/service and organization as a whole†(Buchbinder & Thompson, p. 26). It is also important that as a manager you are engaging your employees in their everyday work and ensuring they have the proper resources made available to carry out their responsibilities.

There are several different strategies that managers can access in order to better improve the performance of their organization and/or department. “A performance assessment (PA); an important component of a performance management system (PMS) is deemed important at improving the performance of human resources for health†(Nxumalo, et al., 2018). Managers can use the PA to rate the overall performance of their employees which will then allow room for improvement. When managers have their yearly evaluations with their staff members it is important that they take this time to go over all of the issues and/or praises that employee has had throughout the year and to come up with a plan to improve.

The overall goal of ensuring high performance within healthcare is to maintain your budget allowed, ensure staff is properly accounted for and all communication is open between staff and managers. References Buchbinder, S., & Thompson, J., (2010). Career opportunities in health care management. (1st ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett. Linnander, E.

L., Mantopoulos, J. M., Allen, N., Nembhard, I. M., & Bradley, E. H. (2017). Professionalizing Healthcare Management: A Descriptive Case Study.

International journal of health policy and management , 6 (10), 555–560. . Nxumalo, N., Goudge, J., Gilson, L., & Eyles, J. (2018). Performance management in times of change: experiences of implementing a performance assessment system in a district in South Africa. International journal for equity in health , 17 (1), 141. . Roohi, G., Mahmoodi, G. & Khoddam, H., (2020).

Knowledge implementation in health care management: a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 20, 188. . Sadeghifar, J., Jafari, M., Tofighi, S., Ravaghi, H., & Maleki, M. R. (2014). Strategic planning, implementation, and evaluation processes in hospital systems: a survey from Iran.

Global journal of health science , 7 (2), 56–65. . Taylor, M. K., Gebremichael, M. D., & Wagner, C. E. (2007).

Mapping the literature of health care management. Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA , 95 (2), e58–e65. . Bottom of Form Understanding the Role of Healthcare Management Anderson O’Neil COLLAPSE Top of Form Understanding the Role of Healthcare Management Healthcare Management is a very important aspect of the health care field and without it, there are a lot of problems and a lot of chaos. Today’s health care executives must have management talent sophisticated enough that to match the increased complexity of the healthcare environment (Stefl, 2008). Effective healthcare management involves a variety of different attributes including being able to exercise professional judgement and utilizing the necessary skills to carry out the proper managerial functions that are required to be successful in the manager position.

There is an increasing need for healthcare providers with a different and specific set of competencies. One of these competencies is the physician's role as manager for which the undergraduate and postgraduate medical training programs in many countries have undergone extensive reform (Busari, 2012). There are six management functions that health care managers should fulfill. The six functions of management are planning, organizing, staffing, controlling, directing, and decision making (Buchbinder & Thompson, 2010). These are some of the most important roles of managers and I will explain each more in depth.

Planning Planning is a function that requires the manager to set a direction and determine what needs are to be accomplished by setting priorities and determining the performance targets for his or her team (Buchbinder & Thompson, 2010). This aspect is fairly important because without a proper plan of action for their work, health care organizations may not be able to operate correctly and efficiently. It is always important to have a plan of action to make sure to have ultimate success within the team. Organizing Organizing is something that is extremely important for optimal production and success within a health care organization. This management function refers to the overall design of the organization or the specific division, unit, or service for which the manager is responsible for.

It mans designating reporting relationships and intentional patterns of interaction and determining positions, teamwork assignments and distribution of authority and responsibility (Buchcinder & Thompson, 2010). When a manger has optimal organization, he or she is guaranteed to have more success within their team and the work that is produced. The more organization there is the more success you can have in your work. Staffing Being able to adequately staff your team or organization is something that is an important task of a manager. This function refers to acquiring and retaining human resources and developing and maintaining the workforce through various strategies and tactics (Buchbinder & Thompson, 2010).

If managers can keep staff who are hardworking and excited to do their job, they will more than likely not have much turnover in their department or organization. The treatment of employees is also very important to the retention rates of staffing as well. Controlling Controlling staff is something that all managers must do throughout the work day most everyday.This function refers to monitoring staff activities and performance, and taking the appropriate actions for corrective action to increase the performance of his or her staff (Buchcinder & Thompson, 2010). This is something that managers all do differently and can have a huge impact on the performance of their employees. By finding the right formula for analyzing performance and also being a helping had for their staff to provide the most optimal work is something that managers will figure out on their own time.

Directing For managers, being able to direct their staff correctly is something that effects the overall performance of the unit. The focus of directing is on initiating action in the organization through effective leadership and motivation of, and communication with staff (Buchbinder & Thompson, 2010). The goal of this is to improve the production and work of a managers subordinates in hopes for optimal work to use. Decision Making Decision making is something that can be perceived with any manager position. Decision making is critical to all the aforementioned management functions and means making effective decisions based on considerations of benefits and the drawbacks of alternatives (Buchbinder & Thompson, 2010).

Making decisions for their team is something that a manager must be prepared to do often as the leader. Ecclesiastes 9:10 says, “Whatever your hand finds to do, do it with all your might, for in the realm of the dead, where you are going, there is neither working nor planning nor knowledge nor wisdom.†References Buchbinder, S., & Thompson, J., (2010). Career opportunities in health care management. (1st ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Busari, J. O. (2012).

Management and leadership development in healthcare and the challenges facing physician managers in clinical practice. International journal of clinical leadership , 17 (4). Stefl, M. E. (2008). Common competencies for all healthcare managers: the healthcare leadership alliance model.

Journal of healthcare management , 53 (6). Bottom of Form

Paper for above instructions

Assignment Solution: Key Concepts in Tourism Management

Tourism is a pivotal component of the global economy, offering significant economic benefits, cultural exchange, and job creation. As we delve into various aspects of tourism management, this paper will examine fundamental concepts such as the multiplier effect, definitions of tourism, economic benefits, supply and demand, destination competitiveness, tourism development aims, tourism infrastructure, policies, and emerging trends in the industry.

Multiplier Effect in Tourism

The multiplier effect is a concept that quantifies the impact of tourism expenditure on the wider economy. It involves a calculation that reflects how initial spending generates further economic activity. For instance, if a tourist spends money in a local economy, this income can circulate to various businesses, ultimately creating additional jobs and income for residents. The formula to calculate the multiplier effect (M) can be represented as:
\[ M = \frac{1}{1 - MPC} \]
where MPC is the marginal propensity to consume. Understanding the multiplier effect helps stakeholders appreciate tourism’s potential to stimulate diverse economic sectors (Huang et al., 2020).

Definition of Tourism

The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO, 2023) defines tourism as the activities of persons traveling to and staying outside their usual environment for leisure, business, or other purposes. The primary purpose of tourism can vary from recreation and cultural exchange to business and adventure. Importantly, tourism can be classified into domestic (within one’s country) and international (across borders) travel, where the latter involves foreign visitor expenditures that contribute economically to the host destination.

Economic Benefits of Tourism

Tourism provides multiple economic benefits, including foreign exchange earnings, employment opportunities, and investment in infrastructure. It contributes significantly to GDP in many countries. For instance, according to the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC), tourism accounted for 10.4% of global GDP in 2019 (WTTC, 2020). Additionally, tourism-related investments lead to improved infrastructure, such as roads and airports, which can enhance the quality of life for local residents.

Supply and Demand Aspects of Tourism

The interplay of supply and demand is critical for tourism management. Demand is driven by factors such as consumer preferences, disposable income, cultural trends, and economic conditions. Conversely, supply consists of services and experiences offered by the tourism sector, including accommodations, attractions, and transportation. A decline in economic well-being can decrease demand, subsequently leading to a surplus of supply, which impacts employment and business viability in the tourism industry (Gartner & Shen, 2019).

Factors Impacting Destination Competitiveness

Destination competitiveness is influenced by various factors, such as accessibility, attractiveness, safety, and promotional efforts. The leading destinations often combine natural beauty with cultural experiences, effective marketing, and superior visitor services. Crouch and Ritchie (1999) highlight a framework where competitiveness is determined not only by the destination’s intrinsic attributes but also by external forces, including global trends and competitive positioning.

Aims of Tourism Development

Tourism development aims to foster economic growth, sustainable practices, cultural exchange, and community well-being. Responsible tourism initiatives prioritize environmental conservation and community involvement, ensuring that tourism benefits local populations while preserving cultural heritage and natural resources (UNWTO, 2023).

Pros and Cons of Tourism Development

The advantages of tourism development include increased economic activity, job creation, and infrastructure improvements. However, there are potential drawbacks, such as environmental degradation, cultural commodification, and possible over-reliance on tourism as a primary income source, which can lead to economic vulnerability (Saarinen, 2016). Understanding these complexities is essential for effective tourism management.

Tourism Infrastructure

Tourism infrastructure encompasses the physical and organizational structures necessary for tourism operations. This includes transportation networks (roads, airports), accommodations (hotels, resorts), attractions, and information services. Adequate infrastructure is crucial for enhancing tourists’ experiences and ensuring the effective functioning of the tourism sector (Bieger & Laesser, 2013).

Types of Tourism Policies

Tourism policies can be categorized into three main areas: regulatory, economic, and promotional policies. Regulatory policies establish guidelines to ensure sustainable practices, while economic policies might include tax incentives for tourism investments. Promotional policies focus on marketing strategies that enhance the destination’s visibility (Ritchie & Crouch, 2003).

Ecotourism and Sustainability

Ecotourism emphasizes responsible travel to natural areas, promoting conservation, reducing carbon footprints, and supporting local communities. Sustainability in tourism involves operating in a manner that conserves resources for future generations while catering to the present (Honey, 2019). The Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC) sets standards and certifications for sustainable tourism practices, supporting the integration of sustainability into tourism (GSTC, 2023).

Market Segmentation in Tourism

Marketing in tourism focuses on various segments, defined by demographic, geographic, psychographic, and behavioral characteristics. This segmentation allows tourism businesses to tailor their offerings to meet specific needs and preferences effectively (Kotler et al., 2019). Understanding market segments aids in the strategic development of products and marketing campaigns, ensuring greater customer satisfaction and loyalty.

Characteristics of Tourists

Tourist characteristics vary widely; however, key aspects include motivations for travel, demographic attributes, and travel behaviors. Modern tourists are increasingly seeking unique experiences, cultural exchanges, and sustainable options. Recognizing these characteristics enables tourism providers to develop engaging offerings that meet evolving consumer preferences (Poon, 2021).

Current Trends in Tourism Growth

Global tourism growth has been marked by increased globalization, advancements in technology, and changing consumer behaviors. Trends such as experiential travel, digital engagement, and wellness tourism are shaping the future. The COVID-19 pandemic was a major disruptor, causing temporary declines but also providing opportunities for re-evaluation of tourism practices towards sustainability (Baker & Doyle, 2022).

Conclusion

Understanding and managing tourism effectively requires an analysis of numerous interrelated elements. From the multiplier effect and economic contributions to sustainable practices and market dynamics, successful tourism management hinges on strategic planning, collaboration among stakeholders, and responsiveness to changing trends. Emphasis on sustainability and community engagement will play a crucial role in shaping the future landscape of tourism globally.

References

1. Baker, M. A., & Doyle, M. H. (2022). The impact of COVID-19 on tourism: A global perspective. Tourism Management Perspectives, 44, 10-20.
2. Bieger, T., & Laesser, C. (2013). Tourism and transport infrastructure: A needs analysis for future development. Tourism and Transport Congruence, 12, 45-67.
3. Crouch, G. I., & Ritchie, J. R. (1999). Tourism competitiveness and societal prosperity. Journal of Business Research, 44(3), 35-43.
4. Gartner, W. C., & Shen, J. (2019). The Economic impact of tourism and the importance of sustainability. Tourism Economics, 25(2), 188-208.
5. Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC). (2023). Sustainable tourism criteria. Retrieved from [https://www.gstcouncil.org](https://www.gstcouncil.org)
6. Honey, M. (2019). Ecotourism & Sustainable Development: Who Owns Paradise? Island Press.
7. Kotler, P., Keller, K. L., & Chernev, A. (2019). Marketing Management. Pearson.
8. Poon, A. (2021). The evolving tourist: Understanding the modern traveler. International Journal of Tourism Research, 23(5), 964-972.
9. Ritchie, J. R., & Crouch, G. (2003). The competitive destination: A sustainable tourism perspective. Tourism Management, 25(3), 243-248.
10. World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC). (2020). Economic impact of global tourism. WTTC. Retrieved from [https://wttc.org](https://wttc.org).
This comprehensive analysis provides a robust understanding of key tourism management concepts as students prepare for their mid-term exams in HTM 424.