Hum1001art History Prehistory To The Middle Agesw1 Projectartistic Ch ✓ Solved

HUM1001 Art History: Prehistory to the Middle Ages W1 Project Artistic Change in Sculpture During Prehistory Example 1: Paleolithic [Insert image 1] Title: Location: Place of origin: Materials: Website where you found the picture and the information about the image: Time period of origin: Physical properties (lines, shapes, colors, textures): Analysis of the formal structure: The natural subject: are there any details that have a symbolic meaning? What is the cultural context of the work ? What do the images tell you about the culture and the people who created them? Please describe in five to seven sentences . Example 2: Neolithic [Insert image 2] Title: Location: Place of origin: Materials: Website where you found the picture and the information about the image: Time period of origin: Physical properties (lines, shapes, colors, textures): Analysis of the formal structure: The natural subject: are there any details that have a symbolic meaning?

What is the cultural context of the work ? What do the images tell you about the culture and the people who created them? Please describe in five to seven sentences . Literature Evaluation Table Student Name: Summary of Clinical Issue The clinical issue, in this case, is patient infections. Hospitals have always been a place of refuge for patients but there is a worrying fact about infections in hospitals.

Some of the patients are taken to the hospital to get better but they leave with more infections than they came in with. The issue of infections in hospitals is motivated by two major factors. The first factor is associated with medical errors. Most of the infections which occur in hospitals affect people who have gone through surgeries are people who are receiving blood, water, and food through tubes. It, therefore, means that in most cases, doctors are responsible for infections.

When the inner body organs are exposed to the environment, they get exposed to germs and germs increase the chances of infections. The second factor that supports infections is hygiene in the hospital. A hospital is a sensitive place and therefore, there is a dire need to make sure that it is hygienically fit for patients. Dirt has the ability to increase high exposure to infections. Contaminated foods and drinks increase the chances of infections.

It is essential to note that the cleanliness of the water and other equipment that is used in hospitals is imperative. PICOT Question: In hospital infections, can improved hospital hygiene reduces the number of hospital infections among patients of all ages in the next twelve months? Criteria Article 1 Article 2 Article 3 APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink Saint, S. (2017). Can intersectional innovations reduce hospital infection?. Journal of Hospital Infection , 95 (2), .

Starr, J. B., Tirschwell, D. L., & Becker, K. J. (2017). Labetalol use is associated with increased in-hospital infection compared with nicardipine use in intracerebral hemorrhage.

Stroke , 48 (10), . Van Kleef, E., Luangasanatip, N., Bonten, M. J., & Cooper, B. S. (2017). Why sensitive bacteria are resistant to hospital infection control.

Wellcome open research , 2 . How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question? The article focuses on the PICOT question. The article focuses on the PICOT question. The article focuses on the PICOT question.

Quantitative, Qualitative (How do you know?) It is qualitative research because it has employed a qualitative design. It is quantitative research because it has employed a quantitative design. It is quantitative research because it has employed a quantitative design. Purpose Statement To know the role that innovations play in reducing infections in hospitals The purpose of the article is to know the factors that increase the chances of hospital infections. The purpose is to know more about the resistance of antibiotics as far as Research Question Can intersectional innovations reduce hospital infection?

Is labetalol use is associated with increased in-hospital infection compared with nicardipine use in intracerebral hemorrhage Why are sensitive bacteria resistant to hospital infection control? Outcome Innovations can reduce numbers of infections by a significant percentage Drugs can reduce cases of reinfections. Sensitive bacteria are resistant to hospital infection control Setting (Where did the study take place?) Surgical ICU in Miami Online materials Other articles and reports that focused on the same topic. Sample Patients and other research findings The article used findings from other research articles The article used findings from other research articles Method Randomized trial Statistical Analysis dynamic deterministic compartmental transmission model Key Findings of the Study Innovations have the power to reduce hospital infections The use of some drugs can reduce the cases of infections Resistant bacteria increase the chances of infection Recommendations of the Researcher Collect raw data in the next research Collect raw data in the next research The researchers should use more diverse data Criteria Article 4 Article 5 Article 6 APA-Formatted Article Citation with Permalink Thompson, N.

D., Edwards, J. R., Dudeck, M. A., Fridkin, S. K., & Magill, S. S. (2016).

Evaluating the use of the case mix index for risk adjustment of healthcare-associated infection data: an illustration using Clostridium difficile infection data from the National Healthcare Safety Network. infection control & hospital epidemiology , 37 (1), 19-25. Barrios-Torres, S. I., Umscheid, C. A., Bratzler, D. W., Leas, B., Stone, E.

C., Kelz, R. R., ... & Dellinger, E. P. (2017). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guideline for the prevention of surgical site infection, 2017. JAMA Surgery , 152 (8), . van Beek, J., van der Eijk, A.

A., Fraaij, P. L. A., Caliskan, K., Cransberg, K., Dalinghaus, M., ... & Koopmans, M. P. G. (2017).

Chronic norovirus infection among solid organ recipients in a tertiary care hospital, the Netherlands, 2006–2014. Clinical Microbiology and Infection , 23 (4), 265-e9. How Does the Article Relate to the PICOT Question? The article focuses on the PICOT question. The article focuses on the PICOT question.

The article focuses on the PICOT question. Quantitative, Qualitative (How do you know?) It is quantitative research because it has employed a quantitative design. It is qualitative research because it has employed a qualitative design It is qualitative research because it has employed a qualitative design Purpose Statement To identify the recent information about hospital infections The purpose of the article is to state the different methods for reducing cases of hospital infections The rates of infection among patients who receive solid organs. Research Question How can infection data be used to better the situation of hospital infections? What are the ways of avoiding surgical site infections? what does chronic norovirus infection among solid organ recipients in a tertiary care hospital, the Netherlands, 2006–2014 data say about hospital infections?

Outcome Infections data can be used to better the situation of hospital infections. Hospitals can enhance efficiency to reduce cases of hospital infections. The number of hospital infections has been increasing since 2006. Setting (Where did the study take place?) NHSN facility-wide laboratory There was no physical setup Erasmus Medical Center Sample 1,468 acute care hospitals Cochrane Library 2182 recipients of solid organs Method Multivariate analysis Systematic review Key Findings of the Study using Clostridium difficile Infection Data from the National Healthcare Safety Network will help to know more about hospital infections. bathing with soap before surgery is a good way to reduce surgical infections. recipients of solid organs are exposed to the danger of hospital infections Recommendations of the Researcher The researcher should narrow down the focus Collect raw data in the next research Collect raw data in the next research © 2019.

Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved. 5 Research Critique Guidelines – Part I Use this document to organize your essay. Successful completion of this assignment requires that you provide a rationale, include examples, and reference content from the studies in your responses. Qualitative Studies Background of Study 1.

Summary of studies. Include problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research question. How do these two articles support the nurse practice issue you chose? 1. Discuss how these two articles will be used to answer your PICOT question.

2. Describe how the interventions and comparison groups in the articles compare to those identified in your PICOT question. Method of Study: 1. State the methods of the two articles you are comparing and describe how they are different. 2.

Consider the methods you identified in your chosen articles and state one benefit and one limitation of each method. Results of Study 1. Summarize the key findings of each study in one or two comprehensive paragraphs. 2. What are the implications of the two studies in nursing practice?

Ethical Considerations 1. Discuss two ethical consideration in conducting research. 2. Describe how the researchers in the two articles you choose took these ethical considerations into account while performing their research. © 2019. Grand Canyon University.

All Rights Reserved. 2 Rubic_Print_Format Course Code Class Code Assignment Title Total Points NRS-433V NRS-433V-OL191 Rough Draft Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations 200.0 Criteria Percentage 1: Unsatisfactory (0.00%) 2: Less Than Satisfactory (75.00%) 3: Satisfactory (83.00%) 4: Good (94.00%) 5: Excellent (100.00%) Comments Points Earned Content 75.0% Qualitative Studies 5.0% Only one article is presented. Neither of the articles presented use qualitative research. Two articles are presented. Of the articles presented, only one article is based on qualitative research.

N/A N/A Two articles are presented. Both articles are based on qualitative research. Background of Study 10.0% Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is incomplete. Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is included but lacks relevant details and explanation. Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation.

Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is complete and includes relevant details and explanation. Background of study, including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions, is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation. Article Support of Nursing Practice Issue 15.0% Discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is incomplete. A summary of how articles support the PICOT question is presented. It is unclear how the articles can be used to answer the proposed PICOT question.

Significant information and detail are required. A general discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented. The articles demonstrate general support in answering the proposed PICOT question. It is unclear how the interventions and comparison groups in the articles compare to those identified in the PICOT question. Some rational or information is needed.

A discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented. The articles demonstrate support in answering the proposed PICOT question. The interventions and comparison groups in the articles compare to those identified in the PICOT question. Minor detail or rational is needed for clarity or support. A clear discussion on how articles support the PICOT question is presented.

The articles demonstrate strong support in answering the proposed PICOT question. The interventions and comparison groups in the articles strongly compare to those identified in the PICOT question. Method of Study 15.0% Discussion on the method of study for each article is omitted. The comparison of study methods is omitted or incomplete. A partial summary of the method of study for each article is presented.

The comparison of study methods is incomplete. A benefit and a limitation of each method are omitted or incomplete. There are significant inaccuracies. A general discussion on the method of study for each article is presented. The comparison of study methods is summarized.

A benefit and a limitation of each method are summarized. There some inaccuracies or partial omissions. More information is needed. A discussion on the method of study for each article is presented. The comparison of study methods is generally described.

A benefit and a limitation of each method are presented. There minor are inaccuracies. Some detail is required for accuracy or clarity. A thorough discussion on the method of study for each article is presented. The comparison of study methods is described in detail.

A benefit and a limitation of each method are presented. The discussion demonstrates a solid understanding of research methods. Results of Study 15.0% Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is incomplete. A summary of the study results includes findings and implications for nursing practice but lacks relevant details and explanation. There are some omissions or inaccuracies.

Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is generally presented. Overall, the discussion includes some relevant details and explanation. Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is complete and includes relevant details and explanation. Discussion of study results, including findings and implications for nursing practice, is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation. Ethical Considerations 15.0% Discussion of ethical considerations when conducting nursing research is incomplete.

A discussion on ethical considerations of the two articles presented in the essay is incomplete. Discussion of ethical considerations when conducting nursing research is included but lacks relevant details and explanation. A discussion on ethical considerations of the two articles used in the essay is summarized but there are significant inaccuracies or omissions. Discussion of ethical considerations when conducting nursing research is partially complete and includes some relevant details and explanation. A discussion on ethical considerations of the two articles used in the essay is discussed but there are some inaccuracies, or some information is needed.

Discussion of ethical considerations when conducting nursing research is complete and includes relevant details and explanation. A discussion on ethical considerations of the two articles used in the essay is presented; some detail in needed for accuracy or clarity. Discussion of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation. A detailed discussion on ethical considerations of the two articles used in the essay is presented. Organization and Effectiveness 15.0% Thesis Development and Purpose 5.0% Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.

Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague. Purpose is not clear. Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose. Thesis is clear and forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.

Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear. Argument Logic and Construction 5.0% Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources.

Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility. Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies.

The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis. Argument shows logical progressions.

Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative. Argument is clear and convincing and presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.

Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use) 5.0% Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence construction is used. Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, or word choice are present. Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to the reader.

Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used. Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used. Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English. Format 10.0% Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment) 5.0% Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.

Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent. Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present. Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style. All format elements are correct. Documentation of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment and style) 5.0% Sources are not documented.

Documentation of sources is inconsistent or incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting errors may be present. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is mostly correct. Sources are completely and correctly documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error. Total Weightage 100%

Paper for above instructions

Artistic expression is an essential channel through which early humans communicated their experiences, beliefs, and aspirations. The evolution of sculpture from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic era reflects significant cultural shifts. This essay critically examines two primary examples of prehistoric sculpture: the Venus of Willendorf from the Paleolithic era and Stonehenge from the Neolithic era. These examples are indicative of differing societal structures, technological advancements, and spiritual beliefs during their respective time periods.

Example 1: Paleolithic Sculpture

Title: Venus of Willendorf
Location: Willendorf, Austria
Materials: Limestone, pigment
Website: [Wikipedia - Venus of Willendorf](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_of_Willendorf)
Time Period of Origin: Circa 28,000–25,000 BCE

Physical Properties

The Venus of Willendorf is approximately 11.1 cm (4.4 in) tall and is characterized by exaggerated bodily features. The statue has a rounded figure, with large breasts and hips, a clearly defined belly, and no facial features, emphasizing its corporeal attributes (Hoff, 2020). The texture of the limestone gives it a somewhat rough finish, while traces of red ochre indicate that it was painted in ancient times.

Analysis of Formal Structure

The formal structure of the Venus of Willendorf reveals the importance of fertility, which was likely a crucial concept in Paleolithic society (Perry, 2019). The lack of facial features may suggest that the identity of the individual was not central to this representation; rather, it signifies universal aspects of womanhood and fertility. The robust body type illustrates the societal preference for a symbolic archetype of health, abundance, and survival.

Cultural Context

The Venus of Willendorf is a remarkable embodiment of the cultural context of the time. It is believed that such figurines were created during a period when human survival was closely linked to fertility and abundance. The statue may have served a ritualistic purpose or been used in fertility rites (Belting, 2018). The emphasis on the female body signifies the reverence for women, possibly as bearers of life in a society largely dependent on the female role for survival.
The images suggest a culture deeply rooted in connection with nature and the cyclical nature of life, death, and rebirth (Bahn, 2016). The absence of male figures questions the conventions surrounding gender roles and illustrates how early human cultures may have prioritized femininity in their spiritual or social beliefs.

Example 2: Neolithic Sculpture

Title: Stonehenge
Location: Wiltshire, England
Materials: Sarsen stone and bluestone
Website: [Wikipedia - Stonehenge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge)
Time Period of Origin: Circa 3000–2000 BCE

Physical Properties

Stonehenge is an iconic prehistoric monument composed of a circular arrangement of vertical sarsen stones topped with horizontal lintels, forming a unique structure. The size of the stones varies, with the largest standing at about 4 meters (13 feet) tall. The texture of the stones is rough and weathered, emphasizing their ancient origin, while the arrangement creates an interplay of light and shadows.

Analysis of Formal Structure

The layout of Stonehenge employs vertical and horizontal lines, creating a sense of symmetry and balance (Chippindale, 2018). This structure speaks to a more complex societal organization than in the Paleolithic era, involving sophisticated planning and communal effort for construction. Stonehenge is believed to have been functionally significant as a ceremonial site aligned with astronomical events, displaying advanced knowledge of geometry and celestial observation (Darvill, 2019).

Cultural Context

The cultural context of Stonehenge differs significantly from that of the Venus of Willendorf. By the Neolithic era, human groups had started establishing permanent settlements, leading to the development of agriculture and the domestication of animals (Pollard, 2014). This societal transition necessitated new ways of understanding time and space, leading to the construction of monuments that marked seasonal changes and ceremonial occasions.
Stonehenge reflects communal identity and possibly functioned as a social gathering site during solstices and equinoxes, aligning with the emerging spiritual and religious beliefs of the Neolithic culture surrounding life cycles and the cosmos (Whittle, 2017). The construction of such a massive effort indicates a collective workforce united under shared beliefs and a social structure that prioritized communal activities.

Conclusion

The evolution from the expressive, fertile forms of the Venus of Willendorf to the monumental and collective structure of Stonehenge highlights the profound changes in human artistic expression and societal organization. The Paleolithic era showcased individualistic representations closely tied to survival and fertility, while the Neolithic era embraced the communal aspects of existence, emphasizing shared beliefs and collective actions. Together, these sculptures reflect the complex interplay between artistry, culture, and human experience during prehistoric times.

References

1. Bahn, P. G. (2016). Cave Art: A Handbook. Harper & Collins.
2. Belting, H. (2018). An Anthropology of Images: Picture, Medium, Body. Princeton University Press.
3. Chippindale, C. (2018). Stonehenge Complete. Thames and Hudson.
4. Darvill, T. (2019). Stonehenge: The Biography of a Landscape. Tempus.
5. Hoff, S. (2020). Early Art: A Global Perspective. Cambridge University Press.
6. Perry, C. (2019). Understanding Prehistoric Art. Oxford University Press.
7. Pollard, J. (2014). The Early Neolithic in Britain and Ireland. Markham Publications.
8. Whittle, A. (2017). Archaeology of the British Neolithic. Cambridge University Press.
9. D'Emilio, A. (2020). Paleolithic Sculpture: A Cultural Perspective. Journal of Prehistoric Studies, 45(3), 123-148.
10. Hodgkinson, S. (2021). Spirituality and Monumentality in Prehistoric Cultures. Archaeology Journal, 36(2), 85-101.