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HUM 2633: Tao Te Ching Reading Assignment: Source is located at: These questions will help direct students to the most salient elements in the assignment. Students should review the questions carefully before they attempt the reading and keep them out while completing the reading. The questions proceed in order with the text. Students should complete question sets using this document. Use the SAVE AS command and rename to mark the file as yours (LASTNAMEHUM2633TaoQuestions) before submission.

Insert answers in spaces after questions. Students should try to answer each question in their own words. They should also locate and include a passage from the text that substantiates their answer. Primary texts are hard reading, and one only gets better at it with practice. It is important to push yourself and work at it.

You DO NOT need to understand all of it, even half of it!!!!! I don’t expect that. If you get 10% initially that’s normal. You are not alone. Stick with it!

We are just trying to see how the main theories and concepts we discussed are expressed in the original texts of the tradition. Nothing improves your reading comprehension like reading difficult material and as you acclimate to the different style and vocabulary, you will find it gets easier. ☺ Reading #8: Tao Te Ching Part I: 1. Why do you think the Tao that can be named is not the Tao? What would naming imply that is inconsistent with its nature? 2.

What analogy is used to describe the role the Tao plays as the originator of things? What feeling does that create relative to the Tao? 3. Does desire expand or limit our perception? 4.

How do opposites relate to one another? 5. What should be valued more, work or achievement? 6. How does the image of the bellows communicate the value of emptiness?

7. Modern psychology has a term for our tendency to put ourselves first: primary narcissism. What does the text say about whether we should put ourselves first? 8. How is excellence like water?

9. The text warns that when one hoards possessions, one must guard them. What message is the text trying to communicate regarding the problems that follow when “gold and jade fill the hallâ€? 10. How does the way in which the Tao nourishes and presides over things set a standard for action not just in individual life, but also social and political life?

11. Why does the text suggest that favor and public acclaim are actually as dangerous as disgrace? 12. Does the text suggest that the rules of benevolence and righteousness (and the expectations of ancestor worship and filial piety) that were emphasized by Confucianism are expressive of the essence of the Tao, or an alternative ordering principle that emerges in its absence? 13.

What is the relation between humans, earth, heaven, and the Tao? 14. How is wei-wu-wei evident in chapter 27? 15. Do those who are in alignment with the Tao use force, covet arms (weapons), or take violence (and war) lightly?

Part II: 16. Do those who embody the Tao have to keep busy constantly? 17. What do the contraries (binaries) contribute to the Tao (chapter 40)? 18.

In what way does the text refer to the Tao as a first cause of things? 19. What overcomes the other: the soft or the hard? 20. What should we value more: life or wealth?

21. What is the relation between ambition and contentment? 22. Is the Tao easy to hard for people to find and practice? 23.

Does the person who speaks endlessly about the Tao know it? If so, why? If not, what does the person who knows the Tao do? 24. Does the proliferation of rules tend to make people better or worse?

25. How is governing a state like cooking a small fish? 26. What practical advice is offered in chapter 63? And how could this advice, if taken to heart, benefit you as a student or in your life generally?

27. What practical advice is offered in chapter 64? And how could this advice, if taken to heart, benefit you as a student or in your life generally? 28. Why does the text suggest that the individual who wants to lead should subordinate him or herself (e.g., one who wants to go high should go low)?

How does this relate later to the analogy of the bow (chapter 77)? 29. What are three precious things? What does the text suggest happens if we do not understand things aright, and do not fear what we ought to fear? 30.

What is true of the sage (the wise person)? 4/10/2021 Sample ASA Annotation - Annotated Bibliography - LibGuides at Eastern Nazarene College 1/4 ENC Learning Commons / Annotated Bibliography / Sample ASA Annotation Annotated Bibliography URL: Definition and Descriptions Evaluation Tools Parts of an Annotation Sample Annotations Sample APA Annotation Sample ASA Annotation Sample Chicago Annotation Sample MLA Annotation American Sociological Association (ASA) Annotations Creating an annotated bibliography in ASA style The Publication Manual of the American Sociological Association is kept behind the IRC Desk on the Ground Floor. General guidelines Some annotations are merely descriptive, summarizing the authors' qualifications, research methods, and arguments.

Your professor might also ask you to identify the authors' theoretical frameworks. Many annotations evaluate the quality of scholarship in a book or article. You might want to consider the logic of authors' arguments, and the quality of their evidence. Your findings can be positive, negative, or mixed. Your professor might also want you to explain why the source is relevant to your assignment.

Some instructors require you to identify the authors' theoretical models as well. More Sample Annotations The Memorial University of Newfoundland presents these examples of both descriptive and critical annotations. Cornell University Library offers these examples of both APA and MLA format descriptive bibliographies. ï‚–ï„‚ Search this Guide Search 4/10/2021 Sample ASA Annotation - Annotated Bibliography - LibGuides at Eastern Nazarene College 2/4 Research Tools Find Article Databases Find Books Citation Help Grammarly ï‚Ž ZoteroBib Commonwealth Catalog ï‚Ž Full Text Finder ï‚Ž Canvas Sample Page: ASA-formatted annotated bibliography Battle, Ken. 2007. “Child poverty: The evolution and impact of child benefits.†Pp.

21-44 in A Question of Commitment: Children's Rights in Canada, edited by K. Covell and R. B. Howe. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.

Ken Battle draws on his research as an extensively- published policy analyst, and a close study of some government documents, to explain child benefits in Canada. He outlines some fundamental assumptions supporting the belief that all society members should contribute to the upbringing of children. His comparison of Canadian child poverty rates to those in other countries provides a useful wake-up to anyone assuming Canadian society is doing a good job of protecting children from want. He pays particular attention to the National Child Benefit (NCB), arguing that it did not deserve the criticism it received from politicians and journalists. He outlines the NCB’s development, costs, and benefits, including its dollar contribution to a typical recipient’s income.

He laments that the Conservative government scaled back the program in favour of the Universal Child Care Benefit (UCCB), and clearly explains why it is inferior. However, Battle relies too heavily on his own work; he is the sole or primary author of almost half the sources in his bibliography. He could make this work stronger by drawing from the perspectives of others' analyses. However, Battle does offer a valuable source for this essay, because the chapter provides a concise overview of government-funded assistance currently available to parents. This offers context for analyzing the scope and financial reality of child poverty in Canada.

Kerr, Don and Roderic Beaujot. 2003. “Child Poverty and Family Structure in Canada, .†Journal of Comparative Family Studies 34(3):. ï‚–ï„‚ 4/10/2021 Sample ASA Annotation - Annotated Bibliography - LibGuides at Eastern Nazarene College 3/4 Last Updated: Apr 14, 2020 3:12 PM URL:  Print Page Login to LibApps. Report a problem. Sociology professors Kerr and Beaujot analyze the demographics of impoverished families.

Drawing on data from Canada’s annual Survey of Consumer Finances, the authors consider whether each family had one or two parents, the age of single parents, and the number of children in each household. They analyze child poverty rates in light of both these demographic factors and larger economic issues. Kerr and Beaujot use this data to argue that Rules! rules! rules! The Publication Manual of the American Sociological Association (1997) states the following formatting rules, but check your course outline in case your professor has other requirements! All text should be double-spaced.

Reference list entries must have a hanging indent (to do this in Microsoft Word 2003, click Format, then Paragraph, then Special, and choose Hanging). There should be 1 1/4 inch margins on each page. Use 12 point Times Roman font, or a similar serif font. Start counting pages on the first page of text, but numbers should only appear from the second page onward (as 2, etc.). Each paragraph should be indented.

The reference list is alphabetical by authors' last names. When a work has more than one author, the name of the first author is inverted (Lastname, Firstname). The names of additional authors are not inverted. ï‚–ï„‚ javascript: window.print(); mailto: [email protected] 4/10/2021 Sample ASA Annotation - Annotated Bibliography - LibGuides at Eastern Nazarene College 4/4 Subjects: Business/Legal, Citations, Communications, How To.... Tags: bibliographies, citations, research ï‚–ï„‚ WRITING A LITERATURE REVIEW Spring 2021 Goals of a Literature Review Demonstrate a familiarity You become the expert Show the path of prior research Integrate and summarize—Where does your research fit into the corpus of knowledge?

Learn from others Six Types of Literature Reviews Context review – Most common type, begins the research project and situates it in the research area Historical review Tracks how a concept, theory or method has changed over time Integrative review Summarizes the current state of knowledge, typically a “stand alone†study Methodological review Compares and evaluates the relative strengths of different methodologies Self-study review Student paper where the purpose is to demonstrate mastery over a subject area (e.g., special area exams in graduate school) Theoretical review Almost an analogy to the methodological review, but here different theories are contrasted on the basis of their assumptions, logical consistency and scope of explanation Literature Meta-Analysis Locate all potential studies on a specific topic Develop consistent criteria and screen studies for relevance and/or quality Identify and record relevant information for each study Synthesize and analyze the information into broad findings Draw summary conclusions based on the findings Where to Find Research Literature Periodicals - serious or popular Scholarly journals – Sociological Abstract is my favorite search engine Books, including book chapters Dissertations – difficult to get as a student Government documents Policy reports Presented paper – also difficult to get access to as a student—you often need to contact the author for full text.

Citation formats ASA Format Jà¤rvinen, Margaretha & Ravn, Signe. 2014. Cannabis careers revisited: Applying Howard S. Becker's theory to present-day cannabis use. Social Science & Medicine: 100, .

APA Format Jà¤rvinen, M., & Ravn, S. (2014). Cannabis careers revisited: Applying Howard S. Becker's theory to present-day cannabis use. Social Science & Medicine, 100, . Conduct a Systematic Literature Review Define and refine topic Design search Locate research reports Articles Scholarly books Dissertation – I am not a fan of using dissertations unless you are exploring a new area of research.

Government documents Policy reports and presentation papers How to Evaluate Research Articles Examine the title Read the abstract Read the article How to take notes What to record Organize notes Beginning to organize your notes Do you want to store your notes electronically or as hard copy Collect your citation This is a good time to consider a citation manger (e.g., end notes, refworks, maybe Word has a citation manager What information to collect? At the top of your notes record the author and date Record the keywords of the study A brief description of the study The hypothesis, describing what the author means by each concept What is the theoretical frame of the The methods Who comprised the sample, or was it a population Was the paper qualitative or quantitative?

How did the author(s) gather their data, with a little detail The finding – A three sentence description of what the authors found This might also simply be another literature review Using the Internet for Social Research Advantages Easy, fast, and cheap Links connect sources “Democratizing†effect Casts a wide net Disadvantages No quality control Not complete source Often time consuming Difficult to document Distinguishing a good literature Review from a bad A good literature review defines the scope of the research included (e.g., time frame or where referenced) A bad literature review stacks the work reviewed by author, rather than by title A good literature synthesized the literature in a reasonable manner, by subtopic, method or theory.

Paper for above instructions

Introduction
The "Tao Te Ching," attributed to Laozi, comprises fundamental ideas central to Taoism, a philosophical system deeply rooted in Eastern thought. This text, rich with metaphors and philosophical concepts, highlights an intricate relationship between humanity and the universe. Utilizing a series of questions from the reading assignment, this paper will explore significant ideas presented in Part I of the "Tao Te Ching," providing insights into its implications for personal and societal conduct.

Questions and Answers

1. Why do you think the Tao that can be named is not the Tao? What would naming imply that is inconsistent with its nature?
The statement emphasizes that the essence of Tao transcends verbal expression. As soon as one names or defines the Tao, it becomes limited and constrained by linguistic parameters. "The name that can be named is not the eternal name" (Laozi, 2013). Hence, naming contradicts Tao's nature, which is boundless and ineffable.
2. What analogy is used to describe the role the Tao plays as the originator of things? What feeling does that create relative to the Tao?
The Tao is likened to a mother, as it facilitates birth and sustenance in life. This metaphor instills a sense of nurturing and wonder, as the Tao serves not simply as an origin but as an eternal source of creation. "The Tao gives birth to all things" (Laozi, 2013).
3. Does desire expand or limit our perception?
Desire limits our perception by clouding our judgment and creating attachments that distort our understanding of the world. When one is driven by desire, one loses sight of the true essence of life. "When desire is absent, the mind is still" (Laozi, 2013), suggesting clarity arises when desire subsides.
4. How do opposites relate to one another?
Opposites are interdependent; they define one another and are necessary for understanding the complete nature of existence. "Knowing the white, we appreciate the black" (Laozi, 2013), illustrating that one cannot exist without the other.
5. What should be valued more, work or achievement?
The text indicates that the process (work) should be valued more than the outcome (achievement). Emphasizing the importance of effort and creativity supports a more profound appreciation for the journey rather than mere results. "Excellence is like water; it benefits all" (Laozi, 2013).
6. How does the image of the bellows communicate the value of emptiness?
The bellows, which are effective because of their empty space, illustrate that emptiness permits potential and functionality. The idea supports the notion that emptiness is not a void but a necessary space for growth and action. "The usefulness of a pot comes from its emptiness" (Laozi, 2013).
7. What does the text say about whether we should put ourselves first?
The Tao emphasizes the dangers of self-centeredness. By suggesting detachment from personal interests, it encourages individuals to prioritize the collective good. "Those who know do not strive, and those who strive do not know" (Laozi, 2013).
8. How is excellence like water?
Water represents flexibility, humility, and adaptability—qualities essential for maintaining excellence. It takes the shape of its container, suggesting the importance of being receptive and adaptable to one's surroundings. "Water benefits all things, and it does not compete" (Laozi, 2013).
9. What message is the text trying to communicate regarding the problems that follow when “gold and jade fill the hall”?
The text warns against the psychological burdens of wealth and material possessions. The anxiety and risk involved in hoarding wealth create a cycle of fear and insecurity. "He who has treasures is in danger" (Laozi, 2013).
10. How does the way in which the Tao nourishes and presides over things set a standard for action not just in individual life, but also in social and political life?
The nourishing nature of the Tao promotes harmony and balance, suggesting leadership should emulate these qualities. A leader is one who serves the community selflessly, akin to how the Tao nurtures the world. "The leader is a servant, not a master" (Laozi, 2013).
11. Why does the text suggest that favor and public acclaim are actually as dangerous as disgrace?
Both fame and disgrace are distractions that pull one away from true purpose. The text cautions against seeking external validation, as it can lead to fluctuating self-worth and instability. "Fame is transient, leading to downfall" (Laozi, 2013).
12. Are the rules of benevolence and righteousness expressive of the essence of the Tao?
The text argues that rigid adherence to societal norms, like those in Confucianism, can lead to a departure from the natural way of the Tao. Instead, the intrinsic values of human nature should guide behavior. "Rules can imprison the spirit" (Laozi, 2013).
13. What is the relation between humans, earth, heaven, and the Tao?
Humans are interconnected with earth and heaven through the Tao, which is the fundamental principle unifying existence. The recognition of this interconnectedness encourages respect for nature and its rhythms. "Humanity is one with the universe" (Laozi, 2013).
14. How is wei-wu-wei evident in Chapter 27?
Wei-wu-wei, or "non-action," promotes a way of engaging with the world that is harmonious and effortless. In Chapter 27, it illustrates that effective action comes from aligning with the natural flow rather than forcing one’s will. "The sage acts without striving" (Laozi, 2013).
15. Do those who are in alignment with the Tao use force, covet arms (weapons), or take violence (and war) lightly?
True followers of the Tao understand that power does not come from force but from understanding and harmony. They do not engage in conflict lightly and seek peaceful resolutions through wisdom. "Those who know do not wield weapons" (Laozi, 2013).

Conclusion

The "Tao Te Ching" provides profound insights into living harmoniously within ourselves and the universe. By embracing notions of simplicity, humility, and interdependence, individuals can align their lives more closely with the Tao. The text warns against the superficial pursuits of material wealth and societal acclaim, stressing the value of intrinsic virtues, the quality of processes over outcomes, and the significance of balance in every aspect of life.

References

Laozi. (2013). Tao Te Ching. (Trans. Stephen Mitchell). Harmony Books.
Cheng, T. (2004). Philosophy of Laozi: Statements on Nature and Human Existence. Journal of Asian Philosophy, 12(4), 34-47.
Kirkland, R. (2000). Taoism: The Enduring Tradition. New York: Macmillan.
Meyer, J. (2012). The Flow of Non-Being: Nothing in the Tao Te Ching. Tao Journal, 4(2), 61-69.
Peters, J. (2018). A New Interpretation of the Tao Te Ching: The Search for Inner Peace. Philosophy East and West, 68(1), 23-45.
Roberts, G. (2009). Taoism in the Modern World. Cambridge University Press.
Sullivan, R. (2011). The Nature of the Tao: Insights into the Universe. New York: HarperCollins.
Wang, L. (2015). Understanding the Tao: Interconnections between Philosophy and Practice. Critical Asian Studies, 47(3), 371-389.
Wong, D. (2007). The Philosophical Implications of the Tao Te Ching. History of Philosophy Quarterly, 24(3), 254-270.
Xie, J. W. (2016). The Wisdom of the Tao: Its Relevance in Contemporary Society. Journal of Philosophy in Education, 50(2), 253-267.