In An Attached Word Document Please Answer The Following Short Answer ✓ Solved

In an attached word document, please answer the following short-answer questions covering material found within Chapters 1-6. 1). Compare and contrast the medical model of health and the public health model, and discuss the six dimensions of health. 2) Discuss the roles of self-efficacy and self-esteem, emotional intelligence, personality, maturity, and happiness in psychological well-being. 3) Discuss sources of stress and examine the unique stressors that affect young adults, particularly college students.

4). Explain why we need sleep and what happens if we don’t get enough, including potential physical, emotional, social, and safety threats to health. 5). List the six classes of nutrients, and explain the primary functions of each.

Paper for above instructions

Assignment Solution
1. Comparison of the Medical Model and Public Health Model, and the Six Dimensions of Health
The medical model of health primarily views health as the absence of disease or dysfunction. It emphasizes biological factors and the treatment of illness through medical interventions (McLeroy et al., 2003). In contrast, the public health model adopts a holistic approach, considering social, environmental, and behavioral factors affecting health. It promotes preventive measures and health education to improve community health outcomes (Rathore et al., 2017).
The six dimensions of health—physical, emotional, social, intellectual, spiritual, and occupational—are interconnected aspects contributing to overall well-being.
- Physical health refers to the condition of the body and its ability to perform daily functions effectively. It is influenced by lifestyle choices such as diet, exercise, and sleep (Pope et al., 2018).
- Emotional health involves the ability to manage emotions and cope with stress. It plays a vital role in overall psychological well-being (Corcoran, 2020).
- Social health reflects the quality of relationships and social networks, influencing support systems and community engagement (Berkman et al., 2000).
- Intellectual health relates to engaging in lifelong learning, stimulating mental activities, and problem-solving skills (Hettler, 1984).
- Spiritual health encompasses personal beliefs and values that provide meaning and purpose in life (Parker et al., 2016).
- Occupational health is concerned with personal satisfaction and enrichment derived from one's work or career (Bennett et al., 2014).
Understanding these dimensions helps recognize the complexity of health and the need for a comprehensive approach to promoting well-being.
2. Roles of Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem, Emotional Intelligence, Personality, Maturity, and Happiness in Psychological Well-Being
Self-efficacy, defined as the belief in one's ability to succeed, plays a crucial role in motivation and behavior change (Bandura, 1997). Higher self-efficacy leads to greater resilience and the ability to cope with challenges, significantly impacting psychological health. Conversely, self-esteem refers to one’s self-worth and value, influencing emotional stability (Snyder et al., 2016). Individuals with high self-esteem are generally more optimistic and better able to handle life's adversities.
Emotional intelligence involves recognizing, understanding, and managing emotions, contributing to better interpersonal relationships and decision-making (Goleman, 1995). A strong sense of emotional intelligence can enhance social interactions, which can improve overall happiness and fulfillment. Personality traits also exert influence; for example, those with agreeable personalities tend to have healthier relationships (Costa & McCrae, 1992).
Maturity, often marked by the ability to think critically and consider long-term consequences, affects decision-making and relationships (Levine, 2016). Individuals who exhibit maturity demonstrate better emotional regulation and interpersonal skills. Lastly, happiness, often intertwined with well-being, is influenced by various factors, including social connections and fulfilling careers (Lyubomirsky et al., 2005). Collectively, these psychological factors interrelate, contributing significantly to overall mental health.
3. Sources of Stress and Unique Stressors Affecting Young Adults, Particularly College Students
Stress can arise from numerous sources, including academic pressure, financial burdens, social relationships, and personal challenges. For college students, unique stressors often include transition to independence, balancing academic demands with social life, and adjusting to new environments (Misra & McKean, 2000).
The academic environment is a primary source of stress for students. They may experience anxiety due to grades, exams, and time management challenges (Hurst et al., 2013). Financial stress is also common, influenced by tuition fees and living expenses, leading to worries about debt and job prospects (Lee et al., 2020).
Social relationships can also introduce stress, particularly when adapting to new social circles, fostering a sense of belonging, or navigating romantic relationships (Beiter et al., 2015). Moreover, college students face the challenge of balancing diverse responsibilities, often leading to physical and mental exhaustion, affecting overall well-being (Pritchard et al., 2007). Addressing these stressors through effective coping mechanisms and support systems is essential for ensuring the mental health of young adults.
4. The Importance of Sleep and Impacts of Sleep Deprivation
Sleep is essential for physical and mental health, playing a critical role in various physiological processes, including cellular repair, immune function, memory consolidation, and emotional regulation (Walker, 2017). Insufficient sleep can lead to a host of negative outcomes, including physical problems such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases (Cappuccio et al., 2010).
On an emotional level, lack of sleep is associated with mood disorders such as depression and anxiety (Gillin et al., 2001). Socially, sleep deprivation can impair interpersonal interactions and decision-making capabilities, leading to misunderstandings or conflict (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015). Additionally, inadequate sleep can compromise safety, increasing the risk of accidents or injuries, especially among college students who may already have demanding schedules (Lo et al., 2016).
Thus, prioritizing sleep is vital to protect against potential health hazards and improve overall quality of life.
5. The Six Classes of Nutrients and Their Primary Functions
Nutrients are substances essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of the body. The six classes of nutrients include:
1. Carbohydrates: They provide the primary source of energy for the body. Simple carbohydrates offer quick energy, while complex carbohydrates provide sustained energy (Slavin, 2013).
2. Proteins: Proteins are crucial for building and repairing body tissues. They are composed of amino acids, with essential amino acids needing to be obtained from the diet (Phillips & Van Loon, 2011).
3. Fats: Fats serve as concentrated energy sources and are vital for hormone production, nutrient absorption, and protecting vital organs (Kris-Etherton et al., 2002).
4. Vitamins: These are organic compounds that support metabolic processes, promote growth, and help fight off diseases (Klein et al., 2017). They are categorized into fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble (B-complex, C) vitamins.
5. Minerals: Important for various bodily functions, minerals like calcium and iron support bone health and blood function, respectively (Weaver & Heaney, 2006).
6. Water: Although often overlooked, water is critical, facilitating numerous biochemical reactions, maintaining body temperature, and aiding in digestion (Popkin et al., 2010).
Understanding these nutrient classes and their functions is essential for promoting proper dietary choices and overall health.
References
1. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W.H. Freeman.
2. Beiter, R., Nash, R., McCrady, M., et al. (2015). The prevalence and correlates of anxiety in college students. Journal of American College Health, 63(1), 83-92.
3. Berkman, L. F., Glass, T., Brissette, I., & Seeman, T. E. (2000). From social integration to health: durational influences on health and mortality. Social Science & Medicine, 51(6), 843-857.
4. Cappuccio, F. P., D'Elia, L., Stranges, S., et al. (2010). Sleep duration predicts cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Sleep, 33(5), 585-592.
5. Corcoran, K. (2020). The importance of emotional health: A guide for adults. Routledge.
6. Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources.
7. Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional Intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. Bantam.
8. Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S. M., et al. (2015). National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary. Sleep Health, 1(1), 40-43.
9. Hurst, L., et al. (2013). Stressors and their effects on higher education students' learning. International Journal of Higher Education, 2(1), 90-102.
10. Klein, V., et al. (2017). Vitamins: Essential for Health. In Handbook of Nutrition and Food (Vol. 1). CRC Press.
This assignment covers expansive topics within health psychology and nutrition, providing insights and practical implications of health management strategies.