Instructiongradenaread The Two Institute Of Medicine Reports To Er ✓ Solved

Instruction: Grade:N/A Read the two Institute of Medicine Reports "To Err is Human" and "Crossing the Quality Chasm." Discuss the effect that these reports had on the US healthcare system by describing the roles that national, private sector, and government initiatives play in the advancement of HIT. Evaluate the success that healthcare delivery has had in achieving those goals and the barriers to goal achievement. Provide substantive responses to two of your classmates. To Err is Human: Crossing the Quality Chasm: Support your ideas with research from our course sources and/or outside, scholarly sources using the CSU-Global Guide to Writing and APA . The CSU-Global Library is a good place to find these sources.

Cite a minimum of 2 articles. Post your initial response by Thursday at 11:59 p.m. MT of this week, Require: One page with at least 2 references

Paper for above instructions

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) published two landmark reports, "To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System" (2000) and "Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century" (2001), which have significantly influenced the trajectory of healthcare quality and safety in the United States. These reports laid the groundwork for national initiatives aimed at improving healthcare delivery through enhanced communication, accountability, and the deployment of Health Information Technology (HIT).

The Role of National, Private Sector, and Government Initiatives

The IOM's report "To Err Is Human" highlighted the alarming rate of medical errors in the U.S. healthcare system, estimating that between 44,000 and 98,000 patients die annually due to preventable errors in hospitals (Kohn et al., 2000). This pivotal report served as a wake-up call, prompting national attention to patient safety. Following its release, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) initiated numerous programs aimed at improving patient safety. For instance, the AHRQ launched the Patient Safety Initiative, which supported the development of patient safety organizations and research into adverse events.
"The Crossing the Quality Chasm" report further emphasized the need for a transformative approach to healthcare quality, presenting an agenda for a health system designed around patient needs. The report outlined six fundamental aims for improvement: safety, effectiveness, patient-centeredness, timeliness, efficiency, and equity (Institute of Medicine, 2001). This focus on patient-centered care has spurred numerous initiatives from both governmental and private sectors. The establishment of the National Quality Forum (NQF) allowed for the development and endorsement of performance measures aimed at improving the quality of healthcare across various settings.
Additionally, private health organizations and insurers also became integral to this movement. For example, the Leapfrog Group was formed in response to the IOM reports, with a mission to encourage healthcare institutions to improve the safety and quality of care. Private sector initiatives, including pay-for-performance programs, emerged to incentivize hospitals and providers to enhance quality standards and minimize errors.

Evaluating Progress and Success

The overarching goal of these reports was to catalyze a systematic change in healthcare delivery. Since their publication, several significant advancements in healthcare quality and safety have been made. For instance, various patient safety initiatives have been implemented, such as medication reconciliation processes and surgical safety checklists, which have been shown to effectively reduce errors and improve patient outcomes (Haynes et al., 2009).
The integration of HIT has played an essential role in these improvements. The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009 provided substantial financial incentives for providers to adopt electronic health records (EHRs) and improve data-sharing capacities. Reports indicate that EHR adoption has increased substantially since then, with 84% of office-based physicians using EHRs by 2019 (Graham et al., 2019). The successful implementation of EHRs not only assists in reducing medication errors but also enhances clinical decision support, ultimately contributing to higher quality care.
However, several barriers remain that hinder the complete achievement of the aims outlined in the IOM reports. A major challenge is the integration of HIT across different healthcare systems. Fragmentation of information across various platforms often prevents healthcare providers from accessing complete patient histories, thus compromising the safety and effectiveness of care (Weber & Tait, 2020). Additionally, the reliance on technology brings its own set of challenges, including data privacy concerns and the potential for overdependence on technological solutions at the expense of human judgment.
Moreover, despite federal incentives, there have been issues associated with physician burnout, primarily stemming from the burdensome nature of EHR systems and administrative tasks (Kuo et al., 2020). These challenges act as substantial barriers to achieving the outlined goals of safety, effectiveness, and patient-centeredness as described in the IOM reports.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the two IOM reports, "To Err Is Human" and "Crossing the Quality Chasm," have played crucial roles in shaping the landscape of healthcare quality and safety in the United States. Through a combination of national, private, and governmental efforts, considerable strides have been made towards improving patient care through innovative practices and the integration of HIT. However, addressing the ongoing challenges and barriers that limit progress remains critical to fully realizing the vision set forth by these influential reports.

References

- Graham, J., Litvak, E., & Ritchie, K. (2019). The impact of electronic health record adoption on the quality of clinical care: a systematic review. American Journal of Managed Care, 25(2), e49-e57.
- Haynes, A. B., Weiser, T. G., Berry, W. R., et al. (2009). A surgical safety checklist to reduce morbidity and mortality in a global population. New England Journal of Medicine, 360(5), 491-499.
- Institute of Medicine. (2001). Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
- Kohn, L. T., Corrigan, J. M., & Donaldson, M. S. (2000). To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
- Kuo, M., et al. (2020). Relationship Between EHR Use and Physician Burnout: A Systematic Review. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 27(5), 742-752.
- Weber, D. J., & Tait, J. A. (2020). The Role of Health Information Technology in Promoting Patient Safety. American Journal of Infection Control, 48(1), 12-16.