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Maternal Morbidity and Mortality The U.S. has unacceptable rates of maternal morbidity and mortality, especially when compared to other developed nations. Women in America continue to experience sickness and death throughout the perinatal period – during pregnancy, birth, and in the postpartum period. This activity provides resources and educational stories from National Public Radio (NPR), USA Today, the Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN), the March of Dimes, and the Illinois Department of Public Health. Please work through the activities and respond to the prompts after each section directly on this document. Place your responses on this document in a different color ink or font.

Submit this assignment to clinical Absences Assignment Dropbox. Student Name: _________________________________________ 1. NPR maternal mortality series (2017): · Watch To Keep Women from Dying in Childbirth, Look to California (14:07) · Watch Focus on Infants During Childbirth Leaves U.S. Moms in Danger (12:11) · Watch Black mothers keep dying after giving birth: Shalon Irving’s story explains why (12:11) · Watch For every woman who dies in childbirth in the U.S., 70 more come close (10:42) · Read Redesigning Maternal Care: OB-GYNs Are Urged to See New Mothers Sooner and More Often (4/23/2018) · Read Nearly Dying in Childbirth: Why Preventable Complications Are Growing in the U.S. (12/22/2017) · Watch Many Nurses Lack Knowledge of Health Risks to Mothers After Childbirth (6:54) · Read If You Hemorrhage, Don’t Clean Up: Advice From Mothers Who Almost Died (8/3/2017) · Read U.S. has the worst rate of maternal deaths in the developed world (5/12/2017) Prompt #1: Choose two of the video stories and two of the article stories that captured your attention the most.

Provide a brief summary for each of the four pieces. Include your reaction , and if anything surprised you. Each commentary should be a separate paragraph, 4-5 sentences for each. 2. USA Today videos and stories (2018) Deadly Deliveries: (9 minutes) Prompt #2: Briefly summarize Antoinette Pratsinakis, Ali Lowry and YoLanda Mention’s stories.

What were their complications? What did the health care team do right? What did they do wrong? How Hospitals Are Failing New Moms, in Graphics: Prompt #3: Define maternal mortality. Rank the maternal mortality rate from lowest to highest for the following developed nations: U.S., Canada, Germany, Japan, France, England.

Approximately how many women die in childbirth in America every year? How many suffer severe complications? 3. AWHONN: Read the article “Saving Women’s Lives†Prompt #4: What does the acronym POSTBIRTH stand for? How can we use this to better educate our new mothers on postpartum risks?

4. March of Dimes – Read position statement: Prompt #5: According to the CDC, what are “pregnancy-related deathsâ€? What are the top causes of maternal deaths? What is the role of the March of Dimes in efforts to reduce maternal mortality? 5.

Read about House Resolution (HR) 1318: Prompt #6: What is the name of HR 1318? In your own words, summarize HR 1318. What and when was the outcome of HR 1318? Do you think this will help to reduce the problem of maternal M&M? Why?

6. March of Dimes – Take this 6-question quiz to test your knowledge: Take a screen shot of your results and submit with this document. 7. Read article: Illinois Releases First Maternal Morbidity and Mortality Report Prompt #7: What were the highlights of what the committee found? Summarize the 6 key recommendations from the report.

8. Final reflection Prompt #8: · What reaction did you have to these resources? What was the most impactful story, article, or new information you learned? Why? · What solutions have been suggested to address the growing problem of preventable complications? What is our responsibility, as health care professionals? · What do you think are the barriers that nurses face which prevent the delivery of quality care and education?

Paper for above instructions

Maternal Morbidity and Mortality in the U.S.
In reviewing the various resources related to maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States, a pressing concern arises from the alarming rates at which women experience complications and even death during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. The following analysis highlights significant findings from different articles and video segments, underscoring a vital public health issue.

1. NPR Series Summary

Video: To Keep Women from Dying in Childbirth, Look to California
This video documents California's concerted efforts that resulted in decreased maternal mortality rates. The film highlights the establishment of a maternal mortality review board that collates data to identify patterns leading to avoidable deaths. A profound takeaway from the video is the extensive dialogue among healthcare stakeholders emphasizing shared responsibility and accountability (NPR, 2017). I was surprised to learn about the successful measures implemented in California, setting a positive precedent for other states to follow.
Video: Black Mothers Keep Dying after Giving Birth: Shalon Irving’s Story Explains Why
In this poignant narrative, Shalon Irving's story illustrates the systemic racial disparities affecting maternal outcomes. Irving, an African American woman, experienced heightened health risks and ultimately lost her life due to inadequate healthcare responses to her postpartum complications. The documentary asserts that stressors, related to race and socioeconomic status, significantly influence maternal health outcomes (NPR, 2017). I was shocked to see how deeply systemic racism is intertwined with maternal health, an issue that often goes unaddressed.
Article: Nearly Dying in Childbirth: Why Preventable Complications Are Growing in the U.S.
This article outlines emerging trends of increased preventable maternal complications, wherein health care providers often overlook warning signs, leading to dire consequences for mothers. It explores the rise of conditions such as hemorrhaging and hypertensive disorders (NPR, 2017). What surprised me most was the statistic indicating that preventable complications had become an increasing cause of maternal morbidity, emphasizing a need for enhanced awareness and monitoring.
Article: Redesigning Maternal Care: OB-GYNs Are Urged to See New Mothers Sooner and More Often
The article focuses on the urgent need for redesigning postnatal care, proposing that frequent and early follow-ups can significantly improve maternal health outcomes. It asserts that many women leave the hospital without adequate support and follow-up appointments, thus increasing the risk for complications (NPR, 2018). I found the proposed changes, advocating for more comprehensive postnatal care, to be a practical step towards addressing maternal morbidity.

2. USA Today Video Summary

Stories of Antoinette Pratsinakis, Ali Lowry, and YoLanda Mention
The stories of Pratsinakis, Lowry, and Mention highlight the diverse complications women face during and after childbirth. Antoinette Pratsinakis experienced an emergency due to an unexpected pulmonary embolism, which was ultimately treatable due to the prompt actions of her healthcare team. Ali Lowry suffered from severe postpartum hemorrhaging and retained placenta, leading to a near-fatal situation wherein doctors intervened promptly to save her life. YoLanda Mention’s complications were tied to her pre-existing health issues, and while she ultimately received care, the underlying lack of communication did stress the importance of informed patient-physician relationships (USA Today, 2018). I was particularly astonished by how preventable many of these complications were, emphasizing a need for improved prenatal education and trusting relationships with caregivers.

3. Maternal Mortality Definition and Ranking

Maternal mortality is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of childbirth, due to causes related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management (CDC, 2021). Rating the maternal mortality rates of the provided developed nations shows that Japan and Germany have the lowest rates, followed by France and England, with Canada coming next. Unfortunately, the U.S. has the highest maternal mortality rate among these countries with approximately 700 women dying in childbirth every year and a substantial number suffering severe complications (CDC, 2021).

4. AWHONN Article Summary

According to the AWHONN article, POSTBIRTH stands for "Postpartum Outcomes and Symptoms to Track for Better Health." This acronym serves as a guideline to educate new mothers on the importance of monitoring their health in the postpartum period. By emphasizing the need for awareness about potential complications, healthcare providers can better arm mothers with knowledge to recognize and respond to concerning symptoms (AWHONN, 2022).

5. House Resolution (HR) 1318 Summary

HR 1318, known as the "Maternal Health Quality Improvement Act of 2021," aims to address maternal mortality through comprehensive assessments of maternal care across the U.S. The resolution encourages data collection on maternal morbidity and mortality and fosters collaboration among healthcare professionals to improve care standards and practices (Congress.gov, 2021). Following its introduction, HR 1318 passed the House of Representatives and moved towards Senate consideration, potentially initiating impactful reforms in maternal health care across the nation.

6. March of Dimes Position Statement Summary

According to the CDC, “pregnancy-related deaths” encompass deaths from any causes exacerbated by pregnancy, including existing and new health conditions. The top causes of maternal deaths include cardiovascular diseases, hemorrhage, and pre-existing health conditions (March of Dimes, 2021). The role of the March of Dimes is proactive in advocating for policies geared towards enhancing maternal health, raising awareness concerning the risk factors, and pushing for equitable healthcare access.

7. Illinois Maternal Morbidity and Mortality Report Highlights

The Illinois report highlights alarming statistics regarding maternal health outcomes in the state, including racial disparities and insufficient access to care. Some key recommendations include improving prenatal and postnatal care, implementing standardized protocols for identifying and managing complications, increasing healthcare provider education, and enhancing data collection for quality improvement (Illinois Department of Public Health, 2023).

8. Final Reflection

These resources have prompted a significant emotional reaction, particularly in understanding the human stories behind maternal morbidity and mortality statistics. The most impactful story came from Shalon Irving’s experience; it demonstrated how deeply engrained systemic issues can affect individuals personally. Suggested solutions include enhanced provider education, robust access to healthcare for marginalized populations, and preventive strategies. As healthcare professionals, our responsibility lies in advocating for change, educating patients, and recognizing the barriers faced by nurses, including high workloads, insufficient resources, and inadequate training. These barriers often hinder the quality of care that new mothers receive and must be addressed to make a meaningful difference in maternal health outcomes.

References

1. Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN). (2022). Saving Women’s Lives. Retrieved from [AWHONN](https://www.awhonn.org).
2. Congress.gov. (2021). H.R.1318 - Maternal Health Quality Improvement Act of 2021. Retrieved from [Congress.gov](https://www.congress.gov).
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2021). Maternal mortality: Data and statistics. Retrieved from [CDC](https://www.cdc.gov).
4. Illinois Department of Public Health. (2023). Illinois Releases First Maternal Morbidity and Mortality Report. Retrieved from [Illinois Department of Public Health](https://dph.illinois.gov).
5. March of Dimes. (2021). Position statement on maternal health. Retrieved from [March of Dimes](https://www.marchofdimes.org).
6. NPR. (2017). Focus on Infants During Childbirth Leaves U.S. Moms in Danger. Retrieved from [NPR](https://www.npr.org).
7. NPR. (2017). Many Nurses Lack Knowledge of Health Risks to Mothers After Childbirth. Retrieved from [NPR](https://www.npr.org).
8. NPR. (2018). Redesigning Maternal Care: OB-GYNs Are Urged to See New Mothers Sooner and More Often. Retrieved from [NPR](https://www.npr.org).
9. USA Today. (2018). Deadly Deliveries: A guide to maternal health and safety. Retrieved from [USA Today](https://www.usatoday.com).
10. World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). Maternal mortality. Retrieved from [WHO](https://www.who.int).
In conclusion, the issue of maternal morbidity and mortality in the U.S. is a complex interplay of systemic, social, and healthcare factors that urgently necessitate reform. The insights gained from the various articles and stories emphasize the commitment needed from healthcare professionals and policy-makers to ensure that every mother has access to safe and equitable care.