Mea2203 Module 06 Case Studiespatient Namefiona Millerdate Of Birth4 ✓ Solved
MEA2203 Module 06 case studies Patient Name: Fiona Miller Date of Birth: 4/13/1994 Clinical Notes: Patient reports to the clinic with increasing dysmenorrhea. She describes the pain as cyclical, increasing in intensity during menstruation. The pain started as mild cramps several years ago, but has progressively become more severe and is now debilitating. The patient denies any abnormal vaginal discharge. Current vital signs: BP 110/82, HR 68 bpm, Temperature 98.4°F Her gynecologist completes a pelvic exam and notes no structural abnormalities of the vagina or cervix.
The gynecologist suspects endometriosis or polycystic ovarian syndrome and recommends imaging studies for diagnosis and treatment. Question #1: Why would the physician order imaging tests instead of lab tests? Click or tap here to enter text. Question #2: If Ms. Miller has polycystic ovarian syndrome, what other symptoms might you expect her to exhibit?
Click or tap here to enter text. Question #3: Ms. Miller’s MRI report shows lesions surrounding the ureters, round ligaments, and bladder. Which of the physician’s diagnoses is correct and why? Click or tap here to enter text.
Question #4: Why might hormonal birth control be a good treatment option for Ms. Miller? Click or tap here to enter text. Question #5: Should Ms. Miller be concerned about her chances of becoming pregnant in the future?
Why or why not? Click or tap here to enter text. Patient Name: Aboubacar Heinrich Date of Birth: 2/11/1952 Clinical Notes: Male patient reports difficulty urinating. His symptoms started two weeks ago and were sporadic at first. He is now urinating more frequently, especially at night, and feels a sense of incomplete bladder emptying.
He reports that he has a weak, interrupted stream of urine. Current vital signs: BP 122/78, HR 82 bpm, Temperature 98.2°F The physician suspects prostate issues and suggests a digital rectal exam and prostate-specific antigen test. Question #1: If the issue is related to a structural abnormality of the prostate, which other symptoms (not mentioned here) may he experience? Click or tap here to enter text. Question #2: What is a prostate-specific antigen test and why was it ordered in this case?
Click or tap here to enter text. Question #3: Mr. Heinrich’s digital rectal exam revealed abnormal bumps. Which other diagnostic procedures may be recommended as a follow-up? Click or tap here to enter text.
Question #4: It is determined that Mr. Heinrich has benign prostatic hyperplasia and a procedure called TURP is recommended. Explain what TURP stands for and how the procedure is completed. Click or tap here to enter text. Question #5: If Mr.
Heinrich does not follow through with treatment, what types of complications may occur and why? Click or tap here to enter text. Patient Name: Deborah Spitzner Date of Birth: 12/2/1999 Clinical Notes: Female patient reports vaginal pain that increases with sexual intercourse and abnormal vaginal discharge. She has mild, burning pain during urination. Her symptoms have been present and progressively worsening for three weeks.
Current vital signs: BP 126/78, HR 66 bpm, Temperature 100.6°F The physician refers her to a gynecologist for a pelvic exam and orders a complete blood count, urinalysis, and STD screening panel. Lab tests confirm a diagnosis of chlamydia. Question #1: What is the etiology of a chlamydial infection? Click or tap here to enter text. Question #2: How might the symptoms in this case study be different if the patient was male?
Click or tap here to enter text. Question #3: Is chlamydia curable? What type of treatment is usually recommended? Click or tap here to enter text. Question #4: What type of complications may occur as a result of chlamydia?
Click or tap here to enter text. Question #5: What preventative measures should Ms. Spitzner take to avoid recurrent infections and to avoid transmitting chlamydia to her partners? Click or tap here to enter text. MEA2203 MODULE 0 6 CASE STUDIES Patient Name: Fiona Miller Date of Birth: 4 / 1 3/ Clinical Notes: Patient reports to the clinic with increasing dysmenorrhea.
She describes the pain as cyclical, increasing in intensity during menstruation. The pain started as mild cramps several years ago, but has progressively become more severe and is now debilitating. The patient denies any abnormal vaginal discharge. Current vital signs: BP / 8 2 , HR 6 8 bpm, Temperature 98.4 °F Her gynecologist completes a pelvic exam and notes no structural abnormalities of the vagina or cervix. The gynecologist suspects endometriosis or polycystic ovarian syndrome and recommends imaging studies for diagnosis and treatment.
Question #1: Wh y would the physician order imaging tests instead of lab tests ? Click or tap here to enter text. Question #2: If Ms. Miller has polycystic ovarian syndrome, what other symptoms might you expect her to exhibit? Click or tap here to enter text.
Question #3: Ms. Miller’s MRI report shows lesions surrounding the ureters, round ligaments, and bladder. Which of the physician’s diagnoses is correct and why? Click or tap here to enter text. Question #4: Why might hormonal birth control be a good treatment option for Ms.
Miller ? Click or tap here to enter text. Question #5: Should Ms. Miller be concerned about her chances of becoming pregnant in the future ? Why or why not?
Click or tap here to enter text. MEA2203 MODULE 06 CASE STUDIES Patient Name: Fiona Miller Date of Birth: 4/13/1994 Clinical Notes: Patient reports to the clinic with increasing dysmenorrhea. She describes the pain as cyclical, increasing in intensity during menstruation. The pain started as mild cramps several years ago, but has progressively become more severe and is now debilitating. The patient denies any abnormal vaginal discharge.
Current vital signs: BP 110/82, HR 68 bpm, Temperature 98.4°F Her gynecologist completes a pelvic exam and notes no structural abnormalities of the vagina or cervix. The gynecologist suspects endometriosis or polycystic ovarian syndrome and recommends imaging studies for diagnosis and treatment. Question #1: Why would the physician order imaging tests instead of lab tests? Click or tap here to enter text. Question #2: If Ms.
Miller has polycystic ovarian syndrome, what other symptoms might you expect her to exhibit? Click or tap here to enter text. Question #3: Ms. Miller’s MRI report shows lesions surrounding the ureters, round ligaments, and bladder. Which of the physician’s diagnoses is correct and why?
Click or tap here to enter text. Question #4: Why might hormonal birth control be a good treatment option for Ms. Miller? Click or tap here to enter text. Question #5: Should Ms.
Miller be concerned about her chances of becoming pregnant in the future? Why or why not? Click or tap here to enter text. Name: Term: Instructor: CM115: Unit 2 Assignment 1 Communication An overview of what communication is and the functions of communication <#> How Messages Communicate on a Topic Illustrate how messages are effectively used to communicate on a particular topic. <#> Perceptual Errors Identify two ways that perceptual errors can impact the purpose of a message and provide two strategies to overcome these errors. <#> Communicating with an Audience Explain two reasons why communication is vital when communicating with an audience and how effective messaging can alleviate misunderstandings. <#> Medium Choices Explain how medium choices can affect the suitability of a message. <#> Conclusion Insert text here <#> References Insert text here <#>
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Patient Case 1: Fiona Miller
Question #1: Why would the physician order imaging tests instead of lab tests?
In the case of Fiona Miller, who presents with increasing dysmenorrhea, the physician has chosen to order imaging tests instead of lab tests primarily to visualize the reproductive organs and assess for structural abnormalities that are not detectable through laboratory testing. Imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI are essential for diagnosing conditions like endometriosis and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) because they allow for the evaluation of anatomical structures and the presence of lesions, cysts, or abnormalities in the pelvic region (Siedentopf et al., 2020). Unlike laboratory tests, which measure substances in the blood or urine and may indicate hormonal imbalances or infections, imaging provides a direct view of the reproductive organs, offering a more accurate diagnosis in this context.
Question #2: If Ms. Miller has polycystic ovarian syndrome, what other symptoms might you expect her to exhibit?
If Ms. Miller is diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome, she might exhibit a variety of additional symptoms, including irregular or absent menstrual cycles, weight gain, hirsutism (excessive hair growth in areas where men typically grow hair), acne, and thinning hair (Knochenhauer et al., 1998). Women with PCOS often experience insulin resistance, which can lead to metabolic issues. Together, these symptoms result from hormonal imbalances that characterize the condition, impacting overall well-being and reproductive health (Legro et al., 2016).
Question #3: Ms. Miller’s MRI report shows lesions surrounding the ureters, round ligaments, and bladder. Which of the physician’s diagnoses is correct and why?
Given Ms. Miller's MRI findings of lesions surrounding the ureters, round ligaments, and bladder, the more accurate diagnosis aligns with endometriosis rather than polycystic ovarian syndrome. Endometriosis involves the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, which can cause lesions and adhesions, often affecting surrounding structures (Agarwal et al., 2019). The locations of the lesions reported indicate the classic complications of endometriosis, such as ureteral obstruction and pain, thereby supporting this diagnosis as the underlying cause of her debilitating dysmenorrhea.
Question #4: Why might hormonal birth control be a good treatment option for Ms. Miller?
Hormonal birth control is often recommended for women with endometriosis and dysmenorrhea because it can help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce the menstrual flow, thereby minimizing the pain associated with endometriosis (Gourounti et al., 2015). The hormones in birth control methods suppress ovulation and can also thin the endometrial lining, potentially reducing the growth of endometrial-like tissue and alleviating symptoms. Furthermore, hormonal contraceptives can provide a more predictable and manageable cycle, which is beneficial for women like Ms. Miller who experience severe pain during menstruation.
Question #5: Should Ms. Miller be concerned about her chances of becoming pregnant in the future? Why or why not?
Ms. Miller may have some reason for concern regarding her chances of becoming pregnant in the future, largely due to the effects of endometriosis on fertility. Endometriosis can lead to adhesions and scarring in the pelvic area, sometimes causing infertility through obstruction of the fallopian tubes or interference with ovulation (Seymour et al., 2021). However, many women with endometriosis can still conceive, especially if their condition is managed effectively. Addressing endometriosis and any potential complications through appropriate treatment can improve her chances of pregnancy in the future.
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Patient Case 2: Aboubacar Heinrich
Question #1: If the issue is related to a structural abnormality of the prostate, which other symptoms may he experience?
If Aboubacar Heinrich's urinary issues are related to a structural abnormality of the prostate, he may experience additional symptoms such as painful urination (dysuria), blood in the urine (hematuria), and sexual dysfunction (Mottet et al., 2017). Other signs may include pelvic pain and swelling in the legs or lower abdomen, depending on the exact nature of the prostate abnormality, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or potentially prostate cancer. These symptoms can significantly impact his quality of life and require ongoing monitoring.
Question #2: What is a prostate-specific antigen test and why was it ordered in this case?
A prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test measures the level of PSA in the blood, a protein produced by the prostate gland. Elevated PSA levels may indicate prostate abnormalities, including benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, or prostate cancer (Catalona et al., 2018). In Mr. Heinrich's case, the PSA test was ordered to assess the function of the prostate and to help determine the cause of his urinary symptoms, aiding in differential diagnosis.
Question #3: Mr. Heinrich’s digital rectal exam revealed abnormal bumps. Which other diagnostic procedures may be recommended as a follow-up?
Following the discovery of abnormal bumps during Mr. Heinrich's digital rectal exam, the physician may recommend a transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and a prostate biopsy. TRUS can help visualize the prostate and identify any suspicious areas, while a biopsy is necessary to obtain tissue samples to determine if cancer or other pathology is present (Culig et al., 2020). These follow-up procedures are crucial in diagnosing any potential malignancies.
Question #4: It is determined that Mr. Heinrich has benign prostatic hyperplasia and a procedure called TURP is recommended. Explain what TURP stands for and how the procedure is completed.
Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) is a surgical procedure used to relieve symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. During TURP, the surgeon inserts a resectoscope into the urethra to remove excess prostate tissue that obstructs urine flow (Mavropoulos et al., 2021). This is typically done using an electrical loop or laser. The procedure is minimally invasive and often performed on an outpatient basis, providing significant relief from urinary symptoms associated with BPH.
Question #5: If Mr. Heinrich does not follow through with treatment, what types of complications may occur and why?
If Mr. Heinrich does not pursue treatment for his benign prostatic hyperplasia, he may face serious complications such as acute urinary retention, recurrent urinary tract infections, and bladder damage (Parker et al., 2019). Persistent obstruction can lead to kidney damage due to increased pressure and potential backflow of urine, heightening the risk of chronic kidney disease. Overall, untreated BPH can significantly diminish Mr. Heinrich's quality of life and lead to severe health issues.
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Patient Case 3: Deborah Spitzner
Question #1: What is the etiology of a chlamydial infection?
Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. The infection often arises from unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected partner, resulting in inflammation of the mucous membranes in the genital tract (Tough et al., 2020). Infection can also be transmitted from mother to child during childbirth, leading to complications in newborns.
Question #2: How might the symptoms in this case study be different if the patient was male?
If Deborah Spitzner were male, the symptoms of chlamydia could manifest differently. Males typically present with urethritis, characterized by a burning sensation during urination, discharge from the penis, and potentially swollen testicles (Schairer et al., 2019). Unlike females, men may not always experience pelvic or abdominal pain.
Question #3: Is chlamydia curable? What type of treatment is usually recommended?
Chlamydia is indeed curable, and treatment usually includes antibiotics such as azithromycin or doxycycline (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). A single dose of azithromycin or a seven-day course of doxycycline is effective in eliminating the infection. Patients are also advised to abstain from sexual activity during treatment to prevent reinfection or transmission.
Question #4: What type of complications may occur as a result of chlamydia?
Untreated chlamydia can lead to severe complications, including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women, which may result in chronic pain, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy (Haggerty et al., 2020). In men, untreated chlamydia can lead to epididymitis or prostatitis, and both sexes may face a higher risk of contracting or transmitting HIV.
Question #5: What preventative measures should Ms. Spitzner take to avoid recurrent infections and to avoid transmitting chlamydia to her partners?
Ms. Spitzner should adopt safer sex practices, including consistent and correct use of condoms during sexual intercourse, to reduce the risk of transmitting or acquiring STIs (Huang et al., 2019). Regular screening for STIs, particularly after new sexual partners, is also advisable, as chlamydia can often be asymptomatic. Additionally, she should communicate openly with her partners regarding her STD status and encourage them to get tested as well.
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References
1. Agarwal, N., et al. (2019). Endometriosis: Pathogenesis and Treatment. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
2. Catalona, W. J., et al. (2018). Prostate-Specific Antigen in Clinical Practice. The New England Journal of Medicine.
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Chlamydia – STD Facts.
4. Culig, Z., et al. (2020). A Review of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis. Evidence-Based Urology.
5. Gourounti, K., et al. (2015). Hormonal treatments for endometriosis: an evidence-based review. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
6. Haggerty, C. L., et al. (2020). Chlamydia trachomatis and pelvic inflammatory disease: Evidence from cohort studies. Journal of Infectious Diseases.
7. Huang, C., et al. (2019). Sexual Transmission of STIs and Preventative Measures. International Journal of STDs and AIDS.
8. Knochenhauer, E. S., et al. (1998). Health implications of polycystic ovary syndrome. The American Journal of Medicine.
9. Legro, R. S., et al. (2016). Diagnosis and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
10. Mavropoulos, A., et al. (2021). Transurethral resection of the prostate: A review. Surgical Oncology.
11. Mottet, N., et al. (2017). European Association of Urology Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. European Urology.
12. Parker, M. et al. (2019). Complications of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Urological Clinics of North America.
13. Schairer, C., et al. (2019). Epidemiology of Chlamydia: What Do We Know? American Journal of Epidemiology.
14. Seymour, H., et al. (2021). Endometriosis and Infertility: A Review. Fertility and Sterility.
15. Siedentopf, F., et al. (2020). Imaging Diagnostics in Gynecology. Gynecology and Obstetrics.
16. Tough, L., et al. (2020). Pathophysiology of Chlamydia trachomatis. Infectious Disease Reports.