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Name: Case Study Title : Briefly What happened? Provide a properly formatted MLA or APA reference for the article(s) used and a brief summary of the case. Be sure to give enough information that the reader does not need to guess why the person blew the whistle, what actions were seen as wrong. Key Stakeholders and how were they negatively impacted : [This does not need to be a complete list, but you should include a minimum of four major stakeholders (not stockholders, though the stockholders may be stakeholders) unless it is clear there were less than four. Briefly explain the relationship with the company – why they are stakeholders] What was the final outcome? [Provide details about prison, fines, termination, and for how many individuals.
Report any other outcome you find interesting. Include documentation.] Describe why you feel the actions were morally wrong? [Be sure to use keywords describing at least two moral theories from your compass (consequentialist, care, duty, act utilitarian, prima facie duties, etc.) that would allow you to classify the action as morally wrong. Alternatively, discuss why you may feel the action was morally acceptable. If your compass has only one theory, be sure to explain this as well.] Put yourself in a position of leadership and describe what you would put in place that would have prevented this in the first place or keep it from happening again. Alternatively, what rules would you implement to justify the action: Name: Case Study Title : Briefly What happened?
Provide a properly formatted MLA or APA reference for the article(s) used and a brief summary of the case. Be sure to give enough information that the reader does not need to guess why the person blew the whistle, what actions were seen as wrong. Key Stakeholders and how were they negatively impacted : [ This does not need to be a complete list, but you should include a minimum of four major stakeholders (not stockholders, though the stockholders may be stakeholders) unless it is clear there were less than four. Briefly explain the relationship with the company – why they are stakeholders ] What was the final outcome? [ Provide details about prison, fines, termination, and for how many individuals .
Report any other outcome you find interesting. Include documentation. ] Describe why you feel the actions were morally wrong? [Be sure to use keywords describing at least two moral theories from your compass (consequentialist, care, duty, act utilitarian, prima facie duties, etc. ) that would allow you to classify the action as Name: Case Study Title: Briefly What happened? Provide a properly formatted MLA or APA reference for the article(s) used and a brief summary of the case. Be sure to give enough information that the reader does not need to guess why the person blew the whistle, what actions were seen as wrong. Key Stakeholders and how were they negatively impacted: [This does not need to be a complete list, but you should include a minimum of four major stakeholders (not stockholders, though the stockholders may be stakeholders) unless it is clear there were less than four.
Briefly explain the relationship with the company – why they are stakeholders] What was the final outcome? [Provide details about prison, fines, termination, and for how many individuals. Report any other outcome you find interesting. Include documentation.] Describe why you feel the actions were morally wrong? [Be sure to use keywords describing at least two moral theories from your compass (consequentialist, care, duty, act utilitarian, prima facie duties, etc.) that would allow you to classify the action as · Outline and discuss a plan to promote the value of the APN model to the public. · Using the latest statistics and evidence, provide a compelling argument and a brief background to the public about why APNP care is essential. · Discuss how you would promote the value of utilizing an APN as a provider of services. · Use data from sources that illustrate how efficient, and cost containing APNPs are versus other health care provider roles. This is not an exercise that diminishes our other colleagues, but one that promotes the value of the APNP role.
Paper for above instructions
Case Study Title: The Whistleblower - Jeffrey Wigand and Brown & WilliamsonSummary of What Happened:
Jeffrey Wigand was a former executive at Brown & Williamson, one of the largest tobacco companies in the United States. In 1996, Wigand became a whistleblower by leaking internal documents and providing testimony that exposed how the tobacco industry knowingly engaged in practices that were harmful to public health. His revelations included the manipulation of nicotine levels in cigarettes to increase addiction and the concealment of harmful research from the public. His decision to go public was fueled by ethical concerns about the industry's disregard for human health and its deceptive marketing strategies. Wigand's actions were catalyzed by personal experiences including witnessing the impact of smoking on loved ones, which fueled his belief that the actions of the cigarette industry were morally wrong (Brodie).
Key Stakeholders and Their Negative Impact:
1. Consumers: The primary stakeholders are the consumers who used tobacco products, often unaware of the health risks involved. Brown & Williamson's deceptive practices led to addiction and significant long-term health issues, including cancer and heart diseases.
2. Employees of Brown & Williamson: The employees worked for a company that prioritized profits over ethics. The fallout from the scandal potentially put their jobs at risk, as the company faced lawsuits and a tarnished reputation subsequently leading to job losses.
3. Public Health Organizations: Organizations focused on curbing tobacco use and protecting public health were stakeholders negatively impacted by the tobacco industry's practices; they faced significant resistance and misinformation that hindered their efforts.
4. Regulatory Agencies: Agencies tasked with regulating the tobacco industry, like the FDA, were misled by the industry's tactics, limiting their ability to implement effective regulations designed to protect public health.
Final Outcome:
Wigand's whistleblowing resulted in significant consequences for Brown & Williamson. The company's operations faced increased scrutiny, and it eventually settled lawsuits that led to substantial financial penalties. The Master Settlement Agreement (MSA) with 46 states, which followed revelations about the tobacco industry, required tobacco companies to pay billions for health care costs due to smoking. Jeffrey Wigand himself faced personal and professional repercussions but became a key witness in major trials against the tobacco industry. His actions prompted a broader examination of public health ethics and government regulation of tobacco.
Why the Actions Were Morally Wrong:
From a consequentialist perspective, the actions of Brown & Williamson were morally wrong as they prioritized corporate profits over the well-being of individuals. The deceptive practices engaged in by the tobacco company led to widespread health crises, addiction, and unnecessary suffering. The duty-based ethical perspective can also be applied here; the company held an ethical duty to be transparent about the harmful effects of their products. They failed to uphold their obligations not only to consumers but also to society as a whole, leading to a profound breach of ethical responsibility (Velasquez).
Plan to Prevent Future Incidents:
As a leader in the industry, it would be essential to implement robust compliance and ethics programs designed to foster a culture of transparency and accountability. This would involve creating an environment where ethical decision-making is prioritized. Possible steps include:
1. Ethics Training Programs: Regular training sessions for all employees emphasizing the importance of ethical practices and the consequences of unethical behavior.
2. Whistleblower Protection Policies: Ensuring that employees can report unethical behavior without fear of retaliation. This can help in identifying wrongdoing before it escalates.
3. Regular Audits and Assessments: Conduct regular compliance audits to assess adherence to health standards and ethical guidelines.
4. Stakeholder Engagement: Include stakeholders in discussions about practices, policies, and transparency to ensure their concerns are addressed proactively.
5. Consumer Education: Focus on transparency and provide consumers with accurate, clear information about the products. This promotes informed choices and builds trust.
Promoting the Value of the Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) Model:
The APN model is crucial for modern healthcare delivery; it emphasizes advanced nursing roles capable of providing high-quality care while containing costs. Statistics from the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) indicate that APNs, such as nurse practitioners (NPs), are highly efficient and provide care that leads to better patient outcomes, increased patient satisfaction, and reduced costs compared to traditional healthcare roles (AACN).
To promote the value of utilizing an APN as a provider of services, the following strategies can be employed:
1. Educational Campaigns: Launch campaigns aimed at educating the public about the roles and competencies of APNs.
2. Evidence-Based Research: Present studies demonstrating the positive impact of APNs on healthcare outcomes, particularly in managing chronic conditions, mental health, and primary care settings (Hooker).
3. Collaborative Practices: Showcase successful models of collaborative practices between APNs and physicians, demonstrating enhanced patient care (Woods).
4. Cost-Effectiveness Data: Utilize data showing the cost-effectiveness of APN services, such as reduced hospitalization rates and lower emergency room visits (Newhouse).
5. Policy Advocacy: Advocate for legislative policies that support the expansion of the APN role and promote its integration into various healthcare systems.
References:
1. Brodie, P. "Whistleblowing In The U.S.: The Case of Jeffrey Wigand." Business Ethics Quarterly, vol. 11, no. 2, 2001, pp. 203-221.
2. Velasquez, Manuel G. "Business Ethics: Concepts and Cases." Pearson Education, 2017.
3. American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN). “The Impact of Nurse Practitioners on Health Care.” AACN, 2020.
4. Hooker, R. S., et al. "The Cost-Effectiveness of Nurse Practitioners." Journal of Healthcare Management, vol. 56, no. 3, 2011, pp. 157-171.
5. Newhouse, R. P. “The Evidence Regarding Nurse Practitioners and Nurse-Midwives.” Nursing Outlook, vol. 64, no. 1, 2016, pp. 42-50.
6. Woods, N. F., et al. "Nurse Practitioners in Primary Care: A Cross-Sectional Study of Their Contributions." Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, vol. 28, no. 4, 2016, pp. 192-199.
7. Kuehn, B. M. “Diverse Roles of Nurse Practitioners.” American Journal of Nursing, vol. 114, no. 2, 2014, pp. 49-51.
8. Ladden, M. D. et al. “The Future of Advanced Practice in Nursing.” The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health, 2011.
9. Cangelosi, A. et al. “Redefining the Role of Nurse Practitioners.” Nursing Clinics of North America, vol. 52, no. 3, 2017, pp. 685-695.
10. Schober, M., and Affara, F. "Advanced Nursing Practice: A Global Perspective." Wiley-Blackwell, 2016.
This assignment highlights the unethical practices of a prominent company and defends the pivotal role of advanced practice nurses in delivering quality healthcare. Through maintaining ethical standards, promoting transparency, and ensuring accountability, similar ethical breaches can be prevented in the future.