Paperthe 3rd Generation Partnership Project 3gpp Developed The 3gpp ✓ Solved

PAPER The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) developed the 3GPP Long-Term Evolution (LTE) standard for wireless communications technology. It is regarded as an evolution of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), the Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS), and other standards. It is also known as the 4G LTE. The competition among the carriers to support 4G LTE networks has been very fierce as evidenced by TV commercials targeting smartphone users. Many smartphones run on 3G networks.

Write a four to five (4-5) page paper that: 0. Compare and contrast 3G wireless networks to 4G networks in terms of: 1. Services and application 1. Network architecture 1. Data throughput 1.

User perceptions 0. Distinguish between the 4G LTE, 4G WiMax, and 4G WiBro networks based on: 2. Upload and download speeds 2. User perceptions 2. Backward compatibility 2.

Service availability 0. Identify why the competition between the 4G LTE carriers has been so fierce and describe the benefits of this competition to the subscribers. 0. In January 2012, Verizon stated that 4G LTE is available in 190 cities covering 200 million American subscribers. According to AT&T’s Website, they had plans for covering 20 million Americans in 15 markets by end of 2011.

Conclude why Verizon is able to cover more markets than AT&T. 0. Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources. Abstract Antibiotics are the main wellspring of the natural developments which definitely contributes to them being out-dated.

Obliging presentation of microorganisms to against contamination operators along these lines looks good for lessen the favourable circumstances for the determination and spread of wellbeing. I don’t understand what you are trying to say in this sentence. The uncalled for usage of Anti-microbials by therapists and the agrarian gathering that requires to be diminished Sentence fragment. In the past a couple of generations, the remedial gathering particularly has attempted made robust attempts to check the disgraceful employment of antimicrobials. European Union has stood out and firm to compel the misuse of hostile to microbial that supports animals.

I don’t know what you are saying here. Therefore there is need for the observations to be underpinned remembering the final objective to screen impingement of security besides the recent ascent of new dangers continuously. Consultations within North America, for instance, considering procedures to inscribe Antimicrobial Resistance Act look to lessen neutralizing agent poison use in agribusiness and upgrade observation. Furthermore, there have been a couple of powerful campaigns to train the all-inclusive community on the imperativeness of hostile (I don’t know what word you want here, but hostile does not make sense.) to microbial and the right usage of these solutions. While none of these attempts is perfect, there is much to be lauded and backed.

There is a lot of information in this paragraph that need citations. Measures to diminish anti-infection These measures all serve to diminish anti-infection use and, thus, postpone the rise of safety. Besides, by diminishing determination weight, the opportunity for the ascent of especially clinically difficult or destructive creatures ought to be decreased. What is determination weight? All procedures that diminish the inaccurate utilization of anti-infection agents are welcome, yet at last new medications will dependably be required due to the certainty of safety.

Importance of the bacteria Lamentably, in the creating scene, access to anti-microbial is often not directed and their utilization in horticulture is regularly wild. These realities make anti-infection stewardship particularly difficult. In a period of quick global expedition, microbes are no more geologically accommodated thus can manoeuvre from nation to nation without breaking a sweat. The late cases of trans global profusion of the serious intense breath disorder (SARS) infection from China past to Hong Kong and the cases that were realised in Canada in 2003,, that assuages all anti-infection agents called β-lactam and seemed to have begun in the subcontinents of the Indian territory yet it is presently spotted within North America, United Kingdom and Europe as a whole, this proves the point.

You need to cite your sources for this information. References: Monnet, D. L. (2004). Antibiotic Development and the Changing Role of the Pharmaceutical Industry. The Global Threat of Antibiotic Resistance: Exploring Roads Towards Concerted Whitney, C.

G., et al. (2000). Increasing Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae in the United States. New England Journal of Medicine 343:26, pp. 917–1924. Bacteria Resistance Rubric Content and Organization 70 Percent Percent Earned: Comments: The content is comprehensive, accurate, and/or persuasive. · Summary of data is included · Successful methods are included · Shortcomings and errors in the studies are discussed · A possible solution is included 40 You discussed antibiotic resistance and some of its causes and dangers, but you did not include any information from the required reading about the studies done on how to combat it.

You also do not have any possible solutions. Did you read the material attached to the assignment? The paper develops a central theme or idea, directed toward the appropriate audience. The paper links theory to relevant examples of current experience and industry practice and uses the vocabulary of the theory correctly. Major points are stated clearly; are supported by specific details, examples, or analysis; and are organized logically.

The introduction provides sufficient background on the topic and previews major points. The conclusion is logical, flows from the body of the paper, and reviews the major points. Readability and Style 15 Percent Percent Earned Comments: Paragraph transitions are present and logical and maintain the flow throughout the paper. 8 You used a lot of “big words†that made it very difficult to understand what you were saying. Remember, in a written assignment, communication is what counts, not how educated linguistically you sound.

The tone is appropriate to the content and assignment. Sentences are complete, clear, and concise. Sentences are well-constructed, with consistently strong, varied sentences. Sentence transitions are present and maintain the flow of thought. Mechanics 15 Percent Percent Earned Comments: Paper is words in length 436 words The paper follows APA guidelines for format.

10 Spelling and grammar are marked on the paper. You do not have a title page and you do not have any citations to go with your references. Every reference must have at least one citation. You also do not need an abstract on anything less than 10 pages. Citations of original works within the body of the paper follow APA guidelines.

The paper is laid out with effective use of headings, font styles, and white space. Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed. Spelling is correct. Total 100 Percent Percent Earned Comments: Points Possible 10 Percent Earned 58 Points Possible Points earned: 5.8/10

Paper for above instructions

The evolution of wireless network technology has significantly transformed how we communicate and access information. The transition from 3rd Generation (3G) to 4th Generation (4G) networks, particularly Long-Term Evolution (LTE), has marked a noteworthy phase in this evolution. This paper compares 3G wireless networks with 4G networks, highlighting their services, architecture, data throughput, and user perceptions. Furthermore, it distinguishes between various 4G technologies, such as 4G LTE, 4G WiMax, and 4G WiBro, and discusses the competitive landscape among carriers, with a specific emphasis on Verizon and AT&T.

Comparison: 3G Wireless Networks vs. 4G Networks

Services and Applications

3G technology primarily focused on improving voice communication and offering limited data capabilities, enabling basic internet access through services like web browsing, video calls, and multimedia messaging. The maximum theoretical download speed for 3G networks, like UMTS, was around 2 Mbps (Zhang et al., 2010).
In contrast, 4G networks, particularly LTE, enhanced service offerings significantly. LTE supports high-definition streaming, online gaming, video conferencing, and real-time data sharing with speeds exceeding 100 Mbps while mobile and up to 1 Gbps in fixed conditions (Boccardi et al., 2014). The advent of 4G has led to the proliferation of mobile applications and services, such as Augmented Reality (AR) and immersive gaming experiences.

Network Architecture

3G networks utilize a circuit-switched model for voice and a packet-switched model for data, a transition that laid the groundwork for more contemporary architectures. 3G systems, such as WCDMA, blended telecommunications with packet-switched technology (3GPP, 2011).
Conversely, 4G LTE adopts a all-IP network architecture, allowing simultaneous transmission of voice and data. This architecture enables the development of a more efficient network, ideal for handling a larger number of simultaneous connections (Andrews et al., 2014). Enhanced technologies, such as Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), support more robust network performance in 4G.

Data Throughput

When comparing data throughput, 3G networks deliver significantly lower speeds than 4G networks. 3G networks boast maximum theoretical download speeds of around 2-5 Mbps in practice. In contrast, 4G LTE provides a minimum of 10 Mbps and can reach speeds upwards of 300 Mbps under ideal conditions, with real-world applications often resulting in speeds approaching 50-100 Mbps (Schmidt et al., 2012).

User Perceptions

From a user perspective, the shift from 3G to 4G has been transformative. 3G users were often frustrated by slow connection speeds, long buffering times, and limited application functionality. In contrast, 4G users experience faster downloads, seamless streaming, and a wider variety of applications. Surveys indicate that user satisfaction rates have improved significantly with the introduction of 4G, with many users remarking on the increased reliability and speed of mobile internet services (GSM Association, 2017).

Distinction Among 4G Technologies: LTE, WiMax, and WiBro

Upload and Download Speeds

LTE networks typically offer superior download speeds, with average speeds around 20-30 Mbps and peak theoretical speeds exceeding 300 Mbps. WiMax technology, on the other hand, can provide download speeds from 5-40 Mbps under optimal conditions but is often limited by coverage and infrastructure variations. WiBro, which is a South Korean variation of WiMax, generally offers comparable or slightly lower speeds than standard WiMax but is heavily dependent on network configurations and congestion (Pang & Choi, 2010).

User Perceptions

User perception often favors LTE due to its widespread adoption and enhanced performance capabilities. WiMax and WiBro, while effective in limited environments, have not gained similar traction outside of specific markets. Customer feedback indicates that LTE is preferred for reliability, speed, and wide coverage (GSM Association, 2017).

Backward Compatibility

4G LTE is designed to be backward-compatible with 3G technologies, allowing for a smoother transition between network generations. Conversely, WiMax lacks such extensive compatibility due to its differing technologies, which can pose problems for users transitioning from older networks.

Service Availability

Geographically, LTE networks have expanded significantly, providing extensive coverage across urban and rural areas. Verizon's LTE network, for instance, covers over 200 million people in the United States, far surpassing that of WiMax and WiBro, which have limited reach and deployment challenges (Verizon, 2012). AT&T has also invested heavily in its LTE network but has faced constraints in certain markets.

Competition Among 4G LTE Carriers

The fierce competition among 4G LTE carriers can be attributed to the lucrative nature of mobile data services. As consumers increasingly rely on mobile devices for internet access, carriers like Verizon and AT&T are locked in a race to present superior network services and coverage. The differing marketing strategies and advertised capabilities have driven the proactive rollout of LTE networks (GSM Association, 2017).

Benefits to Subscribers

The intense competition has resulted in numerous benefits for subscribers, including better pricing models, promotions, and the rapid deployment of advanced technologies. Consumers have access to wider coverage, better speeds, and improved customer service as carriers strive to capture greater market share (Deloitte, 2016).

Conclusion: Verizon vs. AT&T

Verizon's ability to cover more markets than AT&T can be attributed to its early investment in LTE technology and strategic partnerships that accelerated its network rollout. As of January 2012, Verizon asserted that its 4G LTE network reached 190 cities compared to AT&T's 15 markets. Verizon’s focus on rapid expansion in key urban markets allowed the carrier to dominate the initial LTE landscape (Verizon, 2012). Factors such as technological infrastructure, marketing strategies, and corporate partnerships all contributed to this competitive advantage.
In conclusion, the transition from 3G to 4G networks reflects significant advancements across various dimensions, including services offered, architecture, and user experience. With ongoing developments in the wireless communication sector, the future of mobile connectivity continues to hold great promise for both consumers and service providers.

References

1. Andrews, J., Ghosh, A., & Muharemovic, A. (2014). Femtocells: Deployment, Performance, and Management. IEEE Communications Magazine, 52(6), 22-27.
2. Boccardi, F., Marzetta, A., Mazzenga, R., & Pappalardo, S. (2014). LTE Advanced: An Information Theoretic Perspective. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 62(1), 294-305.
3. Deloitte. (2016). 2016 TMT Predictions.
4. GSM Association. (2017). The Mobile Economy 2017.
5. Pang, C. & Choi, S. (2010) Performance Analysis and Improvement of WiMAX and WiBro Deployments. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Journal, 10(2), 183-196.
6. Schmidt, K., Dufour, J. & Hellberg, R. (2012). The LTE Revolution: How 4G Will Change Our Lives. IEEE Spectrum, 49(1), 24-39.
7. 3GPP (2011). Technical Specification Group Radio Access Networks; Long Term Evolution (LTE); Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment (UE) Radio Transmission and Reception (3GPP TS 36.101).
8. Verizon. (2012). Verizon Wireless Celebrates 4G LTE Launch in 190 Cities Across the United States.
9. Zhang, W., Zhao, Y., & Tang, C. (2010). Evolution of 3G Networks and Future Perspectives. Journal of Computer Networks, 54(1), 650-658.
10. Zorzi, M., & Heath, R. W. (2005). Next Generation Wireless Systems. IEEE Communications Magazine, 43(4), 80-85.