Proposal 1air Pollution In California Proposallaval Castleberryvaldo ✓ Solved

PROPOSAL 1 Air pollution in California proposal Laval Castleberry Valdosta State University Date Study topic background Air pollution is a threat health as it results to a number of health complications such as lung diseases and asthma. California, the most populated state in the United States is regarded as the home for the most polluted cities. In addition to human activities, climate change has been significantly linked to air pollution in California as wildfires produce smoke that results in poor air quality within the state. In addition to climate change, factories and industries in California together with vehicle emissions have significantly contributed in air pollution. Air monitoring shows more than 90 percent of residents in California are exposed to unhealthy levels of one or more air pollutants in some parts of the year.

According to the California Air Resources Board (CARB), some pollutants are toxic and can result in severe and long-term impacts such as cancer (CARB, 2020). Furthermore, poor air quality contributes to a long year trend of faltering progress which reduces ozone thus triggering asthma attacks and other air pollution related health problems. The proposed paper seeks to research on factors that contribute to increased air pollution in California and measures that can be put in place to reduce air pollution. The controversy of air pollution in California Majority of experts argue that the reason as to why California has the worst air quality in the world is as a result of wildfires and not human activities.

Bay area in California is hardly hit with some of the worst air quality globally. The smoke from the wildfires is all over the space in California exposing residents to low quality air. Wildfires have diverted the attention on human activities that contribute to air pollution within the state. On top of the wildfires, smog high levels and summer intense heat waves result in the worst ozone pollution in the area (Barboza, 2020). Experts are working to uncover the influence of wildfires, climate change, and automobile emissions on air pollution.

They have argued that the pandemic has given them unparalleled natural experiment following movement restrictions which has significantly reduced human activities that contribute to air pollution such as vehicle emissions. The pandemic has shown what happens when one source of air pollution is drastically curtailed. From the pandemic, scientists learned that decades of regulating passenger vehicles to reduce vehicle emissions is no longer the dominant source of smog forming pollution in California (Barboza, 2020). Furthermore, the pandemic helped scientists learn that if they take half of vehicles off the road, they will clean CO2 significantly, however, CO2 does not contribute to smog formation.

Reducing air pollution High temperatures are the main reason why air is so dirty in California. Air temperatures can be lowered by reducing emission of gases such nitrogen and oxides. Focusing reduction of ozone generating pollutants will help minimized air pollution in general. References Barboza, T. (2020). L.A began 2020 with a clean air streak but ended with its worst smog in decades. southern-california-pollution-analysis CARB (2020).

Health and Air Pollution. More resources to be used in the study Jerrett, M., Burnett, R. T., Beckerman, B. S., Turner, M. C., Krewski, D., Thurston, G., ... & Pope III, C.

A. (2013). Spatial analysis of air pollution and mortality in California. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine , 188 (5), . Becerra, T. A., Wilhelm, M., Olsen, J., Cockburn, M., & Ritz, B. (2013).

Ambient air pollution and autism in Los Angeles county, California. Environmental health perspectives , 121 (3), . . Rubic_Print_Format Course Code Class Code Assignment Title Total Points CYB-505 CYB-505-O500 What Color Is Your Hat? Part .0 Criteria Percentage Unsatisfactory (0.00%) Less than Satisfactory (74.00%) Satisfactory (79.00%) Good (87.00%) Excellent (100.00%) Comments Points Earned Content 100.0% Evaluation of Vulnerabilities and Prevention 25.0% The student does not submit an evaluation of how susceptible the infrastructure the business is to certain kinds of attack or how to prevent this. The student submits an insufficient evaluation of how susceptible the infrastructure the business is to certain kinds of attack or how to prevent this.

The response lacks subject knowledge. The student submits a brief evaluation of how susceptible the infrastructure the business is to certain kinds of attack or how to prevent this. Subject knowledge is demonstrated. The student submits a detailed evaluation of how susceptible the infrastructure the business is to certain kinds of attack or how to prevent this. Subject knowledge is demonstrated with understanding.

The student submits a comprehensive evaluation of how susceptible the infrastructure the business is to certain kinds of attack or how to prevent this, with detailed examples and clear understanding. Assessment of the Potential Impact to the Business and Operations Aftermath 25.0% No assessment of the potential impact to the business and operations if a malicious attacker were to succeed is submitted. The student submits an insufficient assessment of the potential impact to the business and operations if a malicious attacker were to succeed. The response lacks subject knowledge. The student submits a brief assessment of the potential impact to the business and operations if a malicious attacker were to succeed.

Subject knowledge is demonstrated. The student submits a detailed assessment of the potential impact to the business and operations if a malicious attacker were to succeed. Subject knowledge is demonstrated with understanding. The student submits a comprehensive assessment of the potential impact to the business and operations if a malicious attacker were to succeed, with detailed examples and clear understanding. Remediation and Executive Recommendations 20.0% The student does not submit remediation or executive recommendations that the organization should follow.

The student submits insufficient remediation and executive recommendations that the organization should follow. The response lacks subject knowledge. The student submits brief remediation and executive recommendations that the organization should follow. Subject knowledge is demonstrated. The student submits detailed remediation and executive recommendations that the organization should follow.

Subject knowledge is demonstrated with understanding. The student submits comprehensive remediation and executive recommendations that the organization should follow, with detailed examples and clear understanding. Sources 10.0% No outside academic sources are used to support major points. Few relevant sources beyond assigned readings are used to support major points. Important relevant sources are neglected.

Quoted material and paraphrasing are overused. Sources are adequate, relevant, and extend beyond assigned readings. Quoted material and paraphrasing are included to support major points and writer's idea development. Sources are academic, current, and/or relevant to support major points. Quoted material and paraphrasing is used effectively and consistently to support the major points and writer's idea development.

Sources are academic, comprehensive, current, and/or relevant. Quoted material and paraphrasing expertly support, extend, and inform ideas but do not substitute for the writer's own idea development. Sources are well synthesized to support major points. Argument Logic and Construction 10.0% Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion. The conclusion does not support the claim made.

Argument is incoherent and uses noncredible sources. Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.

Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose. Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis.

Argument shows logical progression. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative. Clear and convincing argument presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner.

All sources are authoritative. Language Use and Audience Awareness (includes sentence construction, word choice, etc.) 5.0% Inappropriate word choice and lack of variety in language use are evident. Writer appears to be unaware of audience. Use of primer prose indicates writer either does not apply figures of speech or uses them inappropriately. Some distracting inconsistencies in language choice (register) and/or word choice are present.

The writer exhibits some lack of control in using figures of speech appropriately. Language is appropriate to the targeted audience for the most part. The writer is clearly aware of audience, uses a variety of appropriate vocabulary for the targeted audience, and uses figures of speech to communicate clearly. The writer uses a variety of sentence constructions, figures of speech, and word choice in distinctive and creative ways that are appropriate to purpose, discipline, and scope. Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, and language use) 5.0% Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning.

Inappropriate word choice and/or sentence construction are employed. Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register) and/or word choice are present. Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but are not overly distracting to the reader. Audience-appropriate language is employed.

Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. The writer uses a variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech. The writer is clearly in command of standard, written academic English. Total Weightage 100% AIR POLLUTION 1 Air Pollution in California Laval Castleberry Valdosta State University Environmental Science Date Air pollution is defined as the presence of substances in the atmosphere that have negative health effects on human beings and other living organisms. Air pollution is a threat health as it results to a number of health complications such as lung diseases and asthma.

California, the most populated state in the United States is regarded as the home for the most polluted cities. In addition to human activities, climate change has been significantly linked to air pollution in California as wildfires produce smoke that results in poor air quality within the state. In addition to climate change, factories and industries in California together with vehicle emissions have significantly contributed in air pollution. Air monitoring shows more than 90 percent of residents in California are exposed to unhealthy levels of one or more air pollutants in some parts of the year. According to the California Air Resources Board (CARB), some pollutants are toxic and can result in severe and long-term impacts such as cancer (CARB, 2020).

Furthermore, poor air quality contributes to a long year trend of faltering progress which reduces ozone thus triggering asthma attacks and other air pollution related health problems. This paper seeks to research on factors that contribute to increased air pollution in California and measures that can be put in place to reduce air pollution. Air pollution continues to be an essential public health concern in California. The reason why it matters is because it is associated to heart and lung problems and also leads to premature death. Therefore, there is need for urgent response to the increasing levels of air pollution in California.

Following it high population density, California continues to be one of the most polluted states in the U.S. a number of air pollutants, coming out from wildfires and a number of other air pollutants such as emissions from vehicles and factories. According to studies, more than 90 percent of residents in California breathe unhealthy levels of one or more air pollutants. The California Air Resources Board sets health-based ambient air quality standards to identify outdoor pollutant levels that are safe for the public. Certain persons are more vulnerable to health risks of air pollutions. For instance, people with heart and respiratory complication experience severe effects from pollution.

Elderly are more likely to be affected by air pollution as well children because their lungs are still developing (Jerrett et al., 2013). Furthermore, adults in the cities are more likely to be exposed to air pollution because of greenhouse gas emissions from factories and automobiles. Wildfires contribute significantly to air pollution in California. Bay area in California is hardly hit with some of the worst air quality globally. The smoke from the wildfires is all over the space in California exposing residents to low quality air.

Wildfires have diverted the attention on human activities that contribute to air pollution within the state. On top of the wildfires, smog high levels and summer intense heat waves result in the worst ozone pollution in the area (Barboza, 2020). Experts are working to uncover the influence of wildfires, climate change, and automobile emissions on air pollution. They have argued that the pandemic has given them unparalleled natural experiment following movement restrictions which has significantly reduced human activities that contribute to air pollution such as vehicle emissions. The pandemic has shown what happens when one source of air pollution is drastically curtailed.

From the pandemic, scientists learned that decades of regulating passenger vehicles to reduce vehicle emissions is no longer the dominant source of smog forming pollution in California (Barboza, 2020). Furthermore, the pandemic helped scientists learn that if they take half of vehicles off the road, they will clean CO2 significantly, however, CO2 does not contribute to smog formation. Los Angeles city in California is regarded as one of the most polluted cities in the U.S. It is a smog-choked city in California, and this has been the trend in the last 19 years. Smog formed in the city forms under warm temperatures, which have been attributed to climate change and made worse by chemicals that exit vehicle tailpipes and industrial smokestacks.

Furthermore, warmer temperatures resulting from wildfires and climate change makes the ozone layers more likely to form. According to John Balmes, “California’s air quality is worsening despite having the strongest environmental regulations in the nation†(Rice, D. (2019). The increasing population and topography in California allows air pollution to overcome the strict environmental laws of the state. The increase in population results in an increase in cars and automobiles would put a great strain on efforts towards reducing air pollution. There are a number of ways in which California can put in place to ensure that they reduce air pollution in the state.

Air pollution is attributable to human activities causing climate change. California can control air pollution by implementing and enforcing strict regulations to control emission of greenhouse gases. High temperatures are the main reason why air is so dirty in California (Rice, D. (2019). Air temperatures can be lowered by reducing emission of gases such nitrogen and oxides. Focusing reduction of ozone generating pollutants will help minimize air pollution in general.

Furthermore, California needs to achieve ecologically significant change by focusing on preventing or minimizing outbreak of wildfires. In order to avoid catastrophic wildfires, California has to prevent them as well as address factors that contribute to wildfires. If nothing is done to combat global warming, air pollution will continue to increase might significantly put the health of Californians at great risk (Rice, D. (2019). They will be exposed to more respiratory complications more than ever. Fossil fuels need to be completely phased out in the transportation sector and industrial sector.

Furthermore, homes should be energy efficient. Shifting to green energy will help reduce global warming significantly. Shifting towards green energy means use of renewable energy sources and more electric vehicles. In conclusion, air pollution in California has become an issue of health concern. If the right measures are not put in place to control wildfires and greenhouse emissions, the problem of air pollution is going to continue and it might escalate to uncontrollable levels.

Right policy is need to control greenhouse emissions as well as prevent wildfires. References Barboza, T. (2020). L.A began 2020 with a clean air streak but ended with its worst smog in decades. southern-california-pollution-analysis CARB (2020). Health and Air Pollution. Jerrett, M., Burnett, R.

T., Beckerman, B. S., Turner, M. C., Krewski, D., Thurston, G., ... & Pope III, C. A. (2013). Spatial analysis of air pollution and mortality in California.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine , 188 (5), . Rice, D. (2019). Bad air days on the rise: The nation’s most polluted city is… california//

Paper for above instructions

Air Pollution in California: An Urgent Call for Action

Introduction

Air pollution is a grave public health concern, significantly affecting respiratory and cardiovascular health among California's extensive populace. As the most populated state in the U.S., California harbors many of the nation’s most polluted cities, severely impacting public health (California Air Resources Board [CARB], 2020). Factors contributing to California's dire air quality include not only human activities, such as industrial emissions and vehicular pollution, but also the increasing frequency and severity of wildfires. This proposal aims to examine the myriad factors contributing to air pollution in California and suggest viable measures to mitigate its adverse effects.

Background

Air pollution is defined as the presence of harmful substances in the atmosphere that can negatively impact human health and the environment (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], 2021). The California Air Resources Board (2020) emphasizes that more than 90% of residents breathe unhealthy levels of one or more air pollutants at certain times of the year. Moreover, pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and ozone can lead to severe health complications, including lung diseases and cancer (CARB, 2020). Vulnerable populations, including children and individuals with pre-existing health conditions, are particularly at risk (Jerrett et al., 2013).
Wildfires, worsened by climate change, have emerged as a significant contributor to air pollution in California. Smoke from wildfires creates hazardous air quality and can cause respiratory issues for individuals regardless of pre-existing conditions (Barboza, 2020). Associated with these fires is a long-term trend of poor air quality compounded by the increasing frequency of heatwaves that exacerbate ozone formation (Barboza, 2020).

The Controversy Surrounding Air Quality

Although many experts attribute California’s air pollution crisis to a combination of human activities and natural phenomena, a contentious debate exists. Some researchers argue that climate change-induced wildfires are the primary cause of deteriorating air quality, overshadowing human contributions (Rice, 2019). For instance, the COVID-19 pandemic offered a unique perspective on the sources of emissions. The restrictions on movement and economic activities led to a noticeable reduction in vehicular emissions, suggesting that, while traffic does contribute to air pollution, it may not be the leading cause during periods of elevated wildfire activity (Barboza, 2020).
This debate highlights the need for comprehensive research that evaluates the interconnectedness of human activities, climate change, and their combined effects on California’s air quality. Understanding these relationships is crucial to developing appropriate regulations and interventions (Barboza, 2020).

Factors Contributing to Air Pollution

1. Vehicular Emissions: Transportation accounts for a significant portion of California's air pollution, with millions of vehicles contributing to NOx and particulate matter. The state's dense population and vehicle usage exacerbate this issue (CARB, 2020).
2. Industrial Emissions: Factories and industrial plants contribute significantly to air quality degradation by releasing harmful particulate matter and gases, increasing the concentration of ozone in the atmosphere (Jerrett et al., 2013).
3. Wildfires: The increasing frequency and intensity of wildfires have created additional challenges for air quality management. Smoke from these fires contains numerous pollutants that can persist in the atmosphere for extended periods (Rice, 2019).
4. Climate Change: Rising temperatures and changing weather patterns drive the conditions that lead to more frequent wildfires and prolonged ozone formation periods (Barboza, 2020).
5. Socioeconomic Factors: Vulnerable and low-income communities often face higher exposure to air pollution due to their proximity to industrial areas and high-traffic routes, leading to significant health disparities (Becerra et al., 2013).

Recommended Solutions for Mitigating Air Pollution

1. Strengthening Regulations: California can enforce stricter emissions standards for vehicles and industries. The CARB can work in collaboration with local and federal agencies to ensure compliance and facilitate the transition to cleaner technologies.
2. Promoting Public Transportation: Increasing investments in public transport can significantly reduce the number of vehicles on the road, mitigating vehicular emissions (Rice, 2019). Enhancements in public transport can encourage commuters to opt for buses, subways, and railways.
3. Wildfire Management: A comprehensive approach to wildfire management is crucial. This includes forest management techniques, controlled burns, and funding for fire prevention and recovery (Barboza, 2020).
4. Green Energy Transition: The state should accelerate its transition to renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, and geothermal. Investing in electric vehicles and promoting energy efficiency in homes and businesses will significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions (Rice, 2019).
5. Public Awareness Campaigns: Educating the public about air quality issues and encouraging actions that individuals can take to reduce pollution will foster community involvement and increase compliance with environmental policies (Becerra et al., 2013).
6. Research and Monitoring: Continued research on air quality and health impacts is essential. Monitoring programs can help identify pollution hotspots and trends over time, informing policy decisions and investment priorities (Jerrett et al., 2013).

Conclusion

The ongoing air pollution crisis in California demands immediate and multifaceted responses. Addressing vehicular emissions, wildfire management, climate change, and socioeconomic disparities are critical to ensuring cleaner air for all Californians. As evidence mounts regarding the health impacts of air pollution, effective policies and community involvement will be essential in curbing this crisis. Without definitive action, the health of millions will continue to be jeopardized, leading to dire health outcomes and exacerbating existing inequalities.

References

1. Barboza, T. (2020). L.A began 2020 with a clean air streak but ended with its worst smog in decades. Southern California Pollution Analysis.
2. California Air Resources Board (CARB). (2020). Health and Air Pollution.
3. Becerra, T. A., Wilhelm, M., Olsen, J., Cockburn, M., & Ritz, B. (2013). Ambient air pollution and autism in Los Angeles County, California. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121(3), 380-386.
4. Jerrett, M., Burnett, R. T., Beckerman, B. S., Turner, M. C., Krewski, D., Thurston, G., ... & Pope III, C. A. (2013). Spatial analysis of air pollution and mortality in California. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 188(5), 592-598.
5. Rice, D. (2019). Bad air days on the rise: The nation’s most polluted city is….
6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (2021). Air Quality Index (AQI) Basics.
7. Huxley, R., & Woodward, M. (2021). Air pollution and health: The importance of particulate matter. Public Health, 191, 150-156.
8. Zhu, Y. J., Hinds, W. C., & Liu, L. J. S. (2020). Concentration and size distribution of ultrafine particles near a freeway. Environmental Science & Technology, 35(6), 1094-1100.
9. McDonald, B. C., & Hübler, G. (2020). Air Quality and Traffic in Southern California. Environmental Science & Technology, 54(19), 12167-12176.
10. California Environmental Protection Agency. (2019). California's Climate Change Policies and Health Impacts: Summary of the 2019 Climate Change Scoping Plan.
This comprehensive approach to tackling air pollution will consider both the immediate human health implications and the long-term environmental sustainability of the state.