Match-up the phases of uterine and ovarian cycle. Hormonal regulation of ovarian
ID: 100065 • Letter: M
Question
Match-up the phases of uterine and ovarian cycle. Hormonal regulation of ovarian function. a. Where is GnRH, LH, FSH, Estrogen and Progesterone hormones produced and b. What is the role of GnRH, LH, FSH, Estrogen and Progesterone in the female body? c. Name the gonadotropin hormones. d. How do the hormones interact (i.e. positive/negative feedback)? e. Describe hormonal interaction (in order) throughout the menstrual cycle. f. What is the hormone stimulus for ovulation? g. Hormone stimulus for menstruation? h. Hormonal stimulus that begins ovarian cycle in puberty. i. Hormone stimulus for endocrine function of corpus luteum? j. How is there a large peak of LH/FSH release in the middle of the cycle? k. How is there two broad peaks in estrogen release during the cycle? l. Describe how estrogen exerts both a negative and positive feedback on LH release. How would an artificially high level of progesterone and estrogen affect ovulation? Describe the mechanism of how fraternal and identical twins are made.Explanation / Answer
1. the first phase is the menstrual phase which is followed by the follicular phase which is further follwed by ovulation phase followed by the leuteal phases after that the new cycle begins.
2. the menstrual phase lasts for 1-5 days.
follicular phase lasts for 1-13 days
ovulation phase at 14th day
luteal phase lasts for abour 13-28th daty.
3. during the menstrual phase the mentrual flow occur and it lasts for3-5 days. the menstrual flow results due to the breakdown of endometrial lining of the uterus and its blood vessels.and the liquid comes out throgh vagina. menstruation occurs only if th egg is not fertilized.
menstrual phase is followed by the follicular phase; tyhe primary follicles become mature after attaining full growth and become graphian follicle.and simultaneously the endometrium regenerates due to proliferation. the changes are due to pitutary and ovarian hormoes, LH and FSH. the level gradually increases during t6huis phase.
when the lecvel attains a peak then at th e14th day th egraphian follicle ruptures and releases the ovum. this is the ovulatory phase.
ovulatory phase is follwed by leuteal phase during which the remaining parts of the graphian follicle transforms into corpus luteum secreting a large amount of progesterone essential for maintaing the endometrium for pregnancy.
4. the luteinizing hormone. follicular stimulating hormone, the strogen and the progesteron modulate the activity of ovarian cycle.
32 a) the GnRH is produced by the hypothalamus the gonadotrohins such as LH nd FSH are produced by the anterior lobe of pituitary. estrogn and progesteron are secrteted by the ovary itself.
b) GnRh stimulates the pituitary synthesis and the release of LH nad FSH. estrogenstimulates the grwoth and activity of the female secondary sexual organs, development and growth of growing follicles. and regulate the female sexual behaviour. progestron supports pregnancy. it also acts on the mamary glands and help in milk production.
c) gonadotrophins are LH nad FSH.
f) estrogen level peaks towards the end of follicular phase and caused the surge of LH nad FSH leading to the rupture of graphian follicle.
j) during the mid of ovurian cuvcle the increased level of estrogen leads to th eFH and FSH surge.
34 the fraternal twins are formed when two zygotes are fertilized by their own respective sperms. while the identical twins are produced by the sinle zygote which undergo division and split into two. then in both cases the zygores undergo development and for an embryo.
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