Please asnwer with details and steps Question II. Sugars, starch and cellulose p
ID: 1003321 • Letter: P
Question
Please asnwer with details and steps
Question II. Sugars, starch and cellulose produced by plants are three forms of carbohydrates. Explain the relationship between these three forms (what is the common -building block"? and how they differ? Then, explain how each of these carbohydrate form can be converted to bioethanol (in each case, the process involves several steps you may use schematic descriptions like this: Initial carbohydrate Step One Step Two Bioethanol Question III. State-of the-art Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) installations often utilize the "molten salt this works. What are the advantages and benefits offered by this technology, and what are the limiting factors widespread use?Explanation / Answer
Question II:
Sugar is either a monosaccharide(glucose, fructose and galactose) with formulae C6H12O6 or a disaccharide(sucrose, maltose and lactose with formuulae C12H22O11. Both starch and cellulose are the polymer of glucose. Hence sugar, starch and cellulose have common building block as gluclse.
Differences: Starch is a polymer of alpha-D-glucose and has alpha-1,4-linkage, where as cellulose is a polymer of beta-D-glucose and has beta-1,4-linkage. Sugars are either monosaccharides or disaccharides.
In starch the monomer are arranged in a straight chain and in cellulose, the monomers are arranged in both straight chain and in branched chain.
Starch can easily be digested to maltose and then glucose. Cellulose cannot be easily digested with the help of enzyme cellulase.
Preparation of bioethanol:
From sugar:
Sugar + yeast ---(fermentation) ------> Ethanol, CO2, H2, lactic acid etc --------(distillation) ------ > Pure bioethanol(upto 95%) ------(dehydration)-------> pure bioethanol(99%)
From starch:
starch ------(saccharification) -------> Simpler sugar units + yeast ---(fermentation) ------> Ethanol, CO2, H2, lactic acid etc --------(distillation) ------ > Pure bioethanol(upto 95%) ------(dehydration)-------> pure bioethanol(99%)
From cellulose:
Cellulose -----(cellulolysis) ------ > Simpler sugar units + yeast ---(fermentation) ------> Ethanol, CO2, H2, lactic acid etc --------(distillation) ------ > Pure bioethanol(upto 95%) ------(dehydration)-------> pure bioethanol(99%)