Physical chemistry question a professional answer please not a student. Consider
ID: 1003940 • Letter: P
Question
Physical chemistry question a professional answer please not a student.Considering water in a container.
Since each water molecule is making 4 bonds, 2 covalent and two hydrogen, are the atoms making the covalent bonds always going to be the ones making those specific covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds ? Or do the electron clouds fluctuate between the atoms meaning that it is hard to tell which atoms are hydrogen bonded and which are Covalently bonded. I feel like if the oxygen and the hydrogen atoms have the same mass and are not isotopes then they would have the exact affinity for each other and the covalent and hydrogen bonds will interchange depending on the bond strengths of the water molecule it is interacting with? Is this not true? Or is is that the ones that are Covalently bonded will always be the ones that are bonded to those specific atoms at all times? If that is true then why does autoprotolysis happen, I understand this is a slow process but I if that happens eventually wouldn't it make send that since the oxygen is interacting with 4 other atoms that are symetrical that the exact bond that is covalent can fluculate with the other bonds ? So that at one point in to H---O -H will be H-O----O
And when evaporated it depends on which bond is between which atom for it to break. Or when evaporated are those two bonds fixed always to those two atoms and it will always be those two specific atoms that will have hurtin bonding ?
If you do not understand what I am asking please do not answer my question , leave it for someone who know exactly what they are talking about , specifically of you do not have a masters or higher , I am. It looking for a general chemistry answer Physical chemistry question a professional answer please not a student.
Considering water in a container.
Since each water molecule is making 4 bonds, 2 covalent and two hydrogen, are the atoms making the covalent bonds always going to be the ones making those specific covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds ? Or do the electron clouds fluctuate between the atoms meaning that it is hard to tell which atoms are hydrogen bonded and which are Covalently bonded. I feel like if the oxygen and the hydrogen atoms have the same mass and are not isotopes then they would have the exact affinity for each other and the covalent and hydrogen bonds will interchange depending on the bond strengths of the water molecule it is interacting with? Is this not true? Or is is that the ones that are Covalently bonded will always be the ones that are bonded to those specific atoms at all times? If that is true then why does autoprotolysis happen, I understand this is a slow process but I if that happens eventually wouldn't it make send that since the oxygen is interacting with 4 other atoms that are symetrical that the exact bond that is covalent can fluculate with the other bonds ? So that at one point in to H---O -H will be H-O----O
And when evaporated it depends on which bond is between which atom for it to break. Or when evaporated are those two bonds fixed always to those two atoms and it will always be those two specific atoms that will have hurtin bonding ?
If you do not understand what I am asking please do not answer my question , leave it for someone who know exactly what they are talking about , specifically of you do not have a masters or higher , I am. It looking for a general chemistry answer
Considering water in a container.
Since each water molecule is making 4 bonds, 2 covalent and two hydrogen, are the atoms making the covalent bonds always going to be the ones making those specific covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds ? Or do the electron clouds fluctuate between the atoms meaning that it is hard to tell which atoms are hydrogen bonded and which are Covalently bonded. I feel like if the oxygen and the hydrogen atoms have the same mass and are not isotopes then they would have the exact affinity for each other and the covalent and hydrogen bonds will interchange depending on the bond strengths of the water molecule it is interacting with? Is this not true? Or is is that the ones that are Covalently bonded will always be the ones that are bonded to those specific atoms at all times? If that is true then why does autoprotolysis happen, I understand this is a slow process but I if that happens eventually wouldn't it make send that since the oxygen is interacting with 4 other atoms that are symetrical that the exact bond that is covalent can fluculate with the other bonds ? So that at one point in to H---O -H will be H-O----O
And when evaporated it depends on which bond is between which atom for it to break. Or when evaporated are those two bonds fixed always to those two atoms and it will always be those two specific atoms that will have hurtin bonding ?
If you do not understand what I am asking please do not answer my question , leave it for someone who know exactly what they are talking about , specifically of you do not have a masters or higher , I am. It looking for a general chemistry answer
Explanation / Answer
Covalent bonds are the bonds between the atoms within the same water molecule. Hydrogen bonds are the bonds between two water molecules. All molecules have covalent bonds, but only some molecules have hydrogen bonds. As an example, water has hydrogen bonds, but carbon dioxide does not.
One of the requirements for hydrogen bonding is that the molecule must be polar. Water molecules are polar because of two effects. The first is that oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, so each of the OH bonds will be polar. The electrons shared in each of those bonds will spend more time near the oxygen than near the hydrogen. The other effect is the geometry of the molecule: the oxygen atom has two free electron pairs in addition to the two bonds, so it assumes a tetrahedral arrangement. The OHOH bonds are two corners of that tetrahedron, and the free electron pairs are the other two corners. This arrangement means that, if you only look at the atoms, the molecule has a bent geometry. Because of that, the polarity of the two bonds partially adds together. By contrast, CO2CO2 has a linear geometry, and the two polar bonds cancel each other out, leaving the molecule non-polar.
So the water molecule is polar, with a lot of excess positive charge around the hydrogen atoms, and a lot of negative charge on the side of the oxygen atom away from the hydrogen atoms. Hydrogen bond is the name given to the electrostatic interaction between the positive charge on a hydrogen atom and the negative charge on the oxygen atom of a neighboring molecule. The covalent bond is the electrostatic interaction between two atoms in the same molecule. Covalent bonds are much stronger than hydrogen bonds: the OHOH has a strength of 467 kJ/mol, while the hydrogen bond is usually between 4 to 40 kJ/mol.