In yeast, ethanol is produced from glucose under anaerobic conditions. What is t

Question

In yeast, ethanol is produced from glucose under anaerobic conditions. What is the maximum amount of ethanol (in millimoles) that could theoretically be produced under the following conditions? A cell-free yeast extract is placed in a solution that contains 3.00 x102 mmol glucose, 0.40 mmol ADP, 0.40 mmol P, 0.80 mmol ATP, 0.20 mmol NAD, and 0.20 mmol NADH. It is kept under anaerobic conditions Number mmol Under the same conditions, what is the theoretical minimum amount of glucose (in millimoles) required in the solution to form the maximum amount of ethanol? Number mmol

Explanation / Answer

Each glucose molecule is broken down into two pyruvate molecules in a process known as glycolysis.Glycolysis is summarized by the equation:

C6H12O6 + 2 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 NAD+ ---> 2 CH3COCOO- + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H2O + 2 H+

Again this CH3COCOO- reacts to form ethanol according to the following reaction-

2 CH3COCOO- --->2CH3CHO + 2CO2

2CH3CHO + 2NADH ---> 2 C2H5OH

Combining all, we get,

C6H12O6 + 2 ADP + 2 Pi ---> 2 C2H5OH + 2 ATP + 2 CO2

1                 2             2               2  

300               0.4        0.4           

here limiting reagent ADP and Pi

300 mmol glucose gives ----------> 600 mmol Ethanol

0.40 mmol ADP = 0.40 mmol Ethanol

0.40 mmol Pi = 0.40mmol Ethanol

maximum amount of ethanol = 0.40 mmol

1mole glucose -------------------> 2 mol ethanol

x mole glucose --------------> 0.40 mol ethanol

x = 0.40 / 2 = 0.20

mmoles of glucose = 0.20 mmol

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