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Melting point analysis: Describe the effect of impurity on the melting points of

ID: 1061569 • Letter: M

Question

Melting point analysis: Describe the effect of impurity on the melting points of compounds. Recrystallization: Explain why is the solubility of a compound important in the recrystallization process. Extraction: Be able to calculate partition coefficient and the amount of sample extracted into an organic layer using partition coefficient. Polarimetry: Be able to calculate specific rotation. Distillation: Be able to describe and explain boiling point composition curve and the formation of an azeotrope. Synthesis: Be able to calculate % yield. Synthesis: Describe the use of reflux in organic synthesis. Be able to describe what it is and why we use it. Thin layer chromatography: Be able to explain how it can be used to identify the presence of a desired product. Column Chromatography: Be able to explain the effect of solubility in separation of mixtures.

Explanation / Answer

Q1

Melting point analysis

impurities will typically increse (incorrectly) the melting point of a specie

This is due to colligative properties in solutions, addition of impourities increase the melting point and boiling points of species

Q2

Recrystallization --> Solubility is the property of a salt/solid to form either a solid precipitate or a ionic solution.

If it has low solubility, then expect crystla formation

Q3

Partition coefficient is essentially:

K = [concentration of i in layer A] / [concentration of i in layer B]

simply differentiate how well i distributes in A and B

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