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2. Costs and benefits of voting - The Electoral College
In the American political system, the winner of a presidential race is determined by the Electoral College, in which each state is represented by a number of "electors" equal to its total number of senators and representatives. To receive a state's Electoral College votes, a candidate must carry a majority of the state.
The 2000 presidential election between Al Gore and George W. Bush showed that in a very close race, a few votes can swing the election. The 2004 race between John Kerry and George W. Bush was projected to be just as close, with many states "too close to call" on the eve of the election. However, not every state was characterized by a close race. For instance, there was never any doubt that Kerry and Bush would win their respective home states of Massachusetts and Texas.
The following tables show the 2004 margin of victory for the five states with the highest voter turnout and the five states with the lowest voter turnout. Close races are generally characterized by a low margin of victory, and races where the likely winner is known far in advance are generally characterized by a high margin of victory.
During the 2000 presidential election, Ralph Nader, the Green Party candidate, criticized Al Gore and George W. Bush for being virtually indistinguishable from one another on most major policy issues. The public choice concept known as ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION / THE MEDIAN VOTER MODEL / RATIONAL IGNORANCE / SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS best explains why Nader's criticism may have been correct.
High-Turnout States Voter Turnout Margin of Victory Low-Turnout States State State 3.50% 0.40% 9.00% 4.20% 25.50% Voter Turnout 53.9% 53.5% 52.9% 52.8% 47.9% Margin of Victory 22.90% 12.90% 9.80% 17.10% 8.70% 78% Minnesota Wisconsin Maine Oregon Alaska 74.9% 726% 70.9% 70.5% lexas West Virginia Arkansas South Carolina HawaiiExplanation / Answer
People in statewith lower vote turnout are more conscious of voting and they know that thier vote is going to affect the outcome.
The consistent statements are
It is easier to vote by mail in Alaska than West Virginia
People in weat Virginia care less about votes outcome