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Explanation / Answer

the observed frequency of sound waves is affected by the
motion of the source and/or the observer with respect to the wave medium. This frequency
shift is called the Doppler effect. When the source and observer are approaching
(getting closer together), the observed frequency is higher than the frequency of the
source. Each successive wavefront generated by the source takes less and less time to
reach the observer, since the distance the wave must travel is getting shorter and shorter.
The time between the arrival of successive wavefronts at the observer (To) is less than
the time interval between the origination of the wavefronts at the source (Ts); therefore,
the observed frequency ( fo = 1/To) is greater than the source frequency ( fs = 1/Ts). If the
source and observer are receding (getting farther apart), the observed frequency is less
than the source frequency.
The Doppler effect exists for all kinds of waves, including EM waves. However, the
Doppler formula derived for sound cannot be correct for EM waves.
Those equations involve the velocity of the source and the observer relative to the
medium through which the sound travels. For sound waves in air, vs and vo are measured
relative to the air. Since EM waves are not vibrations in a mechanical medium, the
Doppler shift for light can only involve the relative velocity of the observer and the
source.
Using Einstein

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