Distribution of drugs is altered during pregnancy because of a. hemodynamic chan
ID: 138553 • Letter: D
Question
Distribution of drugs is altered during pregnancy because of a. hemodynamic changes. bincreased hormone secretion. c. decreased renal function. d. increased attachment to plasma proteins. Which of the following type of drugs most readily enter circulation in a breast-fed infant? a. highly protein-bound drugs b. ionized drugs. c. lipophilic (lipid-soluble) drugs. d. large molecular drugs Your pregnant patient has recurrent headaches. She states she has tried non- pharmacologic interventions but is unable to obtain relief. Which of the following analgesics would be best during your patient's pregnancy? b. aspirin. c. ibuprofen. d. codeine. Your patient is 22 weeks pregnant and is experiencing cardiac arrhythmia. Drug therapy has been prescribed. Before administering the first dose of the prescribed drug, you should a. verify the FDA pregnancy category of the drug. b. determine if the patient is allergic to the prescribed drug. c. verify if the dose is appropriate for the patient's age, weight, and health status. d. all of the above. Your patient in the second trimester of pregnancy is experiencing some swelling of the ankles, feet, and hands. To minimize adverse effects from drug therapy, you should first a. consult with the physician or nurse midwife about ordering a mild diuretic. b. recommend a diet high in sodium. c. suggest the patient consume large amounts of coffee with caffeine for diuresis. d. instruct the patient to rest with her feet elevated several times a day In the elderly patient, the dosage of fat-soluble drugs may need to be to avoid a. increased. b. decreased. c. neither of the above.Explanation / Answer
1) Distribution of drugs is altered during pregnancy because of the hemodynamic changes( option a) the hemodynamic changes in the cardiovascular system alter drug distribution and metabolism, the hemodynamic changes during pregancy are increased cardiac output , expanded blood volume, and reduced sysytemic vascular resistance and blood pressure. 2)option c) lipohilic or lipid soluble drug readily enter the circulation of the breast fed infants, because tehy cross the placenta readily wheras drugs that are ionized, polar, or protein bound cross with difficulty, but to some extent all the drugs passess to some extent. 3)option a) acetaminophen is used for recurrent headaches in the pregnant women as it is safe but the ibuprofen and naproxen can cause trigger a decrease in amniotic fluid levels in 3rd trimester and other NSAIDS and asprin in early preganacy can cause miscarriages and birth defects. 4)option d. 5)ption d) during pregnancy edema occurs when body fluids increase to nuture both mother and baby and accumulate in the tissues as a result of increased blood flow and pressure of the growing utreus on the pelvic veins and the vena cava this will increases the swelling , and by elevating the feet the sweeling will reduce. 6)optionb) distribution is effected in the elderly people by physiological changes of aging which des a higher percentage of fat to lean body mass and decrease in the total body water and decreased plasma albumin so decrease the dose of some highly fat soluble, medications to compensate for the physiological changes of the aaging body.