Please answer questions 6-10, thank you very much!! 6. A) Define and name the ba
ID: 141320 • Letter: P
Question
Please answer questions 6-10, thank you very much!!
6. A) Define and name the basic components of an operon. B) Describe the basic process of how an inducible operon operates. (Be sure to include how all the main parts of the operon interact to produce control.) 7. A) Differentiate between endocytosis and exocytosis. B) Give two functions for each. ) What is the relationship of each with the surface area of the cell? 8. A) What is a codon? B) What is an exon? C) What is an anticodon, and where is it found? 9. A) Describe the process of secondary active transport (that uses co-transport). B) How might this be important to proper water absorption by the gut? 10. Describe the relationship between the structure of DNA the structure of the protein produced by that DNA and the function of that protein.Explanation / Answer
Problem 6.A)what is operon?
ans: Operon is a functional unit of DNA that contain cluster of functional gene under the control of singal operator. operon includes mainly 3 component: 1) Promoter, 2) Operator, 3) Structural genes.
Problem 6.B)how inducible operon operates?
ans:lac operon is best example of lac operon. basic process of inducible operon is explained below with example of lac operon. lac operon encodes three structural genes to process lactose in to simple sugar.basic structure of lac operon include promoter, operator, lacz,lacY, lacA in sequence. For lac operon to operate lactose must be present. if lactose not available lac repressor is bound to the operator region and thus it is no longer active to transcribing structural genes. lactose into cell converted in to the allolactose. allolactose works as the inducer and bind to the repressor changing its shape so that it is no longer able to bind to the operator DNA. Removal of the repressor in the presence of lactose allows RNA polymerase to move through the operator region and begin transcription of the lac structural genes.
Problem 7.A) Differentiate between endocytosis and exocytosis.
ans:Endocytosis is the process of capturing a substance or particle from outside the cell by engulfing it with the cell membrane, and bringing it into the cell while Exocytosis describes the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane and releasing their contents to the outside of the cell.
Problem 7.B) Give two function of each.
ans: Endocytosis functions are: Receptor signaling and Pathogen entry
Exocytosis functions are: Vessicle fusion and protein transportation like receptor
Problem 7.C) Relationship of each with surface area
ans: receptor signaling and protein transportation like receptor has no relation with surface area while pathogen entry and vessicle fusion has direct relation with surface area i.e increase in surface area increase in pathogen entry.
Problem 8.A) what is codon?
ans: Codon is a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that encodes a specific amino acid.
Problem 8.B) what is exon?
ans: Exon is a coding region of a gene that contains the information required to encode a protein.
Problem 8.C) what is anticodon?
ans:Anticodons are sequences of nucleotides that are complementary to codons.
Problem 9.A) Describe secondary active transport
ans:Secondary active transport, is transport of molecules across the cell membrane utilizing energy in other forms than ATP. In Co-transport molecule is allowed to be transported from high to low concentration region while moving another molecule with it from low to high concentration. It in fact is pulling the other molecule with it into the cell. For eg., Sodium-Glucose co-transport mechanism. On its exterior side the transport protein has 2 binding sites, one for sodium and one for glucose. When both of these bind to the protein there is a conformational change allowing the electrochemical gradient to provide the energy needed to transport both of these molecules into the cell.
Problem 9.B) how might be this important to proper water absorption by gut?
ans: Water is absorp by gut without any external driving force.here water transport has sodium secondary active transport. wahter ans sodium absorption depends on presence of D-glucose.the link established here by Na+/glucose cotransporter.
Problem.10 Relationship between structure of DNA and protein?
ans:DNA compose of nucleotide sequences. genes are the DNA sequences that encodes the protein. three DNA nucleotidebase encodes a aminoacid. whole DNA sequence trancsribe in to mRNA that translate in to the perticular protein by peptide bond formation of aminoacids. whole DNA in to the cell encodes no. of proteins that are responsible for perticular trait determination.