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Insert Draw ferences Mailings Review View Help Tell me what you want to do ShareC T ut AaBbDc AaBbCeD AaBbCc AaBbot AaB AaBbcet AaebcDa -. 1NoSpacI1Normall Heading 1 Heading 2 Times New R 11A A Aa O Find a Replace SFormat painter 31 u.be X,KiA. .- tie Title Subtitle Subtle Em , Select- Dictate Font Editing Voice 9. Why do Forensic Anthropologists usually give law enforcement investigators an age range when estimating how old a person was at death rather than an exact age? How can they narrow that range? 10. In addition to nasal aperture, name two other characteristics on the cranium that suggest the race of individual. 11. Name two techniques used to identify the age of an adult skeleton. (I am referring to age at death and I am looking for techniques that will tell give you a better estimate than "this is an adult." Refer to your reading page 17-18) 12. How might an elderly adult's skeletal remains differ from that of a middle age adult? (consider from you own life observations of the aging process) O Type here to searchExplanation / Answer
1. estimating a persons age at the time of death by forensic anthropologists depends on two fundamental life processes. growth and decline. the growth and developmental changes are based largely on the degree and location of bone growth and dental formation and eruption from gums in immature individuals. all these processes does not occur at once but over a period of time. hence , theses methods are all relative and with a large range. this range maybe narrowed using recent methods like protein racemization and radiocarbon methods. theses methods may give absolute age like year of birth.
2. the other two charecteristics on the cranium that may suggest race of individual are:
1) shape of the eye orbit: africans have a more rectangular shape, east asians more circular and europeans tend to have an aviator glasses shape.
2) nasal sill: europeans have sharp angulation dividing the nasal floor from the anterior surface of the maxilla. africans tend to lack a sharp angulation and asians tend to be intermediate.
3) zygomatic form: asians tend to have anteriorly projecting cheekbones. the border of the frontal process faces forward. in europeans and africans, these face more laterally and the zygomatic recedes more posteriorly.
3. two methods used to identify adult skeleton are:
1) bone remodelling: even after childhood growth stops, bone remodelling continues. throughout a lifetime, bone makes new osteons . they are minute tubes containing bloodvessels. microscopic exams show these changes which indicate adult age to within 5-10 years.
2) the cranial sutures close at adult age . the arthritis of spine and joints at adult age.
3) pubic symphysis: the bony sympheseal surface that faces the cartilage changes overtime starting from age 20 and continuing past 65 years.
4. in younger adults, the degree of fusion of first and second sacral bodies are useful and the medical clavicular epiphysis at early twenties is used. in later adulthood, the changes in pubic symphysis is an indicator of age at death.