CHAPTER 4 REVIEW QUESTIONS: 1.) Describe the role of external process in the roc
ID: 157629 • Letter: C
Question
CHAPTER 4 REVIEW QUESTIONS:
1.) Describe the role of external process in the rock cycle.
2.) If two identical rocks were weathered- one mechanically and the other chemically, what would be the difference in the two rocks.
3.) Describe the formation on an exfoliation dome. Give an example of such a feature.
4.) How is carbonic acid (H2CO3) formed in nature? What results when this acid reacts with potassium feldspar?
5.) Which of the controls of soil formation is most important, why?
6.) How can slope affect the development of soil? What is meant by the term slope orientation? 7.) List three detrimental effects of soil erosion other than the loss of topsoil from cropland.
8.) What factors led to the massive rockslide at Gros Ventre, Wyoming?
9.) Describe the mechanisms or factors that contribute to the slow down slope movement called a creep.
CHAPTER 5 REVIEW QUESTIONS
1.) Describe the movement of water through the hydrologic cycle. Once the precipitation has fallen on land, what paths are available to it?
2.) What are the three main parts (zones) of a river system?
3.) When the discharge of a stream increases, what happens to the streams velocity?
4.) In what three ways does a stream transport its load?
5.) If you collect a jar of water from a stream, what part of its load will settle to the bottom of the jar? What portion will remain in the water? What part of a streams load would probably not be present in your sample?
6.) Define base level. Name the main river on your area. For what streams does it act as a base level? What is the base level for Mississippi river? The Missouri River?
7.) List and briefly describe three basic flood-control strategies. What are some drawbacks of each?
8.) How do porosity and permeability differ?
9.) Distinguish between an aquifer and an aquitard
10.) Which would be most effective in purifying polluted groundwater,
11.) Differentiated between stalactites and stalagmites. How do these features form?
12.) If you were to explore an area that exhibited karst topography, what features might you find? This area would probably be underlain by what rock type? Name a region that exhibits such features.
CHAPTER 6 REVIEW QUESTIONS
1.) What is a glacier? What percentage of earths land area do glaciers cover? Where are glaciers found today?
2.) What are the types of glaciers?
3.) Describe how glaciers fit into the hydrologic cycle. What role do they play in the rock cycle? 4.) Under what circumstances will the front of a glacier advance? Retreat? Remain stationary? 5.) Describe two basic processes of a glacier erosion.
6.) List and describe the erosional features you might expect to see in an area where valley glaciers exist or have recently existed.
7.) Describe at least four effects of ice age glaciers aside from the formation of major erosional and depositional features.
8.) How might plate tectonics help us understand the cause of ice ages? Can plate tectonics explain the alternation between glacial and interglacial climates during the Pleistocene?
9.) What is the most important erosional process in deserts?
10.) How do sand dunes migrate?
Explanation / Answer
answer 1:- weathering - the physical breakdown and chemical alteration of the rock which cause it to get shattered and then trvel to different places either after mixing with water or by air. sometime with the influence of gravity it is also moved downwards
2) physical breakdown will be degradation but chemical breakdown will be decomposition
3) it starts with the process of sheeting, where are made by erosion of igneous rocks ,cocentric begans to loose and forms exfoliation dome.
4) it is formed when carbon die oxide mixes with water, it will react with calcium carbonate and this process is called carbonation. the feldspar will react slowly over the years and will begin to weaken this is called kaolinization as the feldspar breaks down into kaolinite, which is a clay like substance.
5) climate is the most influential control
6) if slope is too high it causes easy run off , slope orietation means the way slopes are made so that run off can be controlled
7) heavy rain or highly melting snow , the river , cutting through the sandstones
8)it is caused by freezing and thawing
chapter 5
1) evaporation, precipitation and then run of. evaporation measn movement of water up into air by heating , then rainfall and then run off of the water into water bodies again
2)zone of erosion, zone of sediment transport, zone of sediment deposition
3)it will be 8 metres per km
4)new gradient will be 4 metres per km it decrease the velocity because length of the stream increases. Flotation , solution and suspension
5) depends on density and solution. the most lighter density for sure
6 it is the maximum level till which a stream can downcut or lower itself, th elevation of makor river at the junction with the base level for tributary. they form a drainage basin
7) artificial levels, channelization, flood control dams these are three mechanism for controlling mchanism.
drawbacks are dams can cause acculutaion of waste product in the area
8) porosity means pore in the rock wich lead to passage of wate but prmeabitlity means how much water seeps away from the membrane formed from rocks
9) aquitard is the region which prevents flow of water from one aquifier to another, An aquifer is an underground layer of water having permeable rocks having pure water
10) pull out water through the pumps and then reinject it into the ground water
11) A "stalagmite" might reach the the top
A "stalactite" has to hang on "tight"
12 it leads to formation of caves, shaft, tunnels and sinkholes. these are the regions which are found at many places
chapter 6
1)glacier is stored ice on the mountains and in poles. 30 percent of earth land area is covered with ice
2) mountain glacier , valley glacier, tidewater glacier piedmont glacier, hanging glacier, cirque glacier,ice aprons, rock glacier, ice shelves, ice fields, ice streams and ice sheets
3) glacier melts in front of sun and then it is evaporated an participate in the hydrological cycle. in rock cycle they casuses weathering of rocks and mix it with the water . sometime they also form the crystals over which rocks are lead
4) it will advance when it recieves more anow at the head of the glacier. retreat:-will retreat if melting at head of glacier is faster than the melting at the end of the glacier.
5) fluvial:- water flowing underneath the glacier eroding the gound inder it
abrasion :-because some glaciers are harder than rocks so they causes abrasion
6) U shaped wide valleys or sharp alpine peaks with streep sharp ridges,moraine movement consist of jumbled up boulders
7) they have fossils of the animal of that age
they have purest form of water
they keep teperature regulated
they cause the right spin of water currents
9) low moisture content and weathering of rock and change in temperature causes weatheirng
10) wind always lead to flow of sand dunes and the flow of air shoudl be more stronger than the weight of the sand grains
heavy grains are placed there only and lighter grains flow up in the air
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