CHAPTER THIRTEEN REVIEW 1.) How does the area of earth’s surface covered by the
ID: 157708 • Letter: C
Question
CHAPTER THIRTEEN REVIEW
1.) How does the area of earth’s surface covered by the oceans compare with that of the continents? Describe the distribution of land and water on earth.
2.) Exclude the southern ocean, name the four main oceans basins. A. Which one is the largest in area? Which one is smallest? B. Which one is the deepest? Which one is shallowest? C. Which one is almost entirely within the Southern Hemisphere? D. Which one is exclusively in the Northern Hemisphere?
3.) What are turbidity currents? How do they differ from turbidites? What is meant by the term graded bedding?
4.) Describe the environmental conditions required for the development of coral reefs?
5.) How are ocean ridges and deep ocean trenches related to plate tectonics?
6.) Distinguish among the three basic types of seafloor sediment, and give an example of each.
7.) Discuss the present importance and future prospects for the production of offshore petroleum, gas hydrates, sand and gravel, evaporative salts, and manganese nodules.
CHAPTER FOURTEEN REVIEW QUESTIONS
1.) Define salinity. What is the average salinity of the ocean? Why do oceanographers typically express salinity in parts per thousand?
2.) What are the six most abundant components (elements) dissolved in seawater? What is produced when the two most abundant elements are combined?
3.) Why is desalination not likely to be a significant source of water for agriculture in the foreseeable future?
4.) Describe the oceans layered structure. Why does the three layer structure not exist in high latitudes?
5.) List three physical factors that are used to divide the ocean into marine life zones. Describe how each factor influences the abundance and distribution of marine life.
CHAPTER FIFTEEN REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. What is the driving force of surface ocean current? The driving force is the wind. How do the distribution of continents on Earth and the Coriolis Effect influence these currents?
2. Why did Benjamin Franklin know about the ocean current pattern in the North Atlantic?
3. What is the driving force of deep ocean circulation?
4. Distinguish between shore, shoreline, coast, and coastline.
5. What is wave refraction?
Explanation / Answer
1) area covered by land has a thick lithosphere over which humans live but crust of oceans are very different and has high sedimentary rocks with mountain structure down there.
97 percent is water , only 1 percent land
2) pacific, atlantic,indian and arctic. This is in sequence of largest to smallest
pacific is the deepest and arctic is the shallow
arctic in northern and atlantic in southern hemisphere
3) it is rapidly moving, sediment laden flowing down the slope. Graded beding means a feature that is seen in current sediment rocks and past sediments rocks
4) the place where warm and cold ocean currents meet .