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c. Describe how yield strength is established for high-strength steels that have no well- defined yield point. d. Provide three reasons why steel is widely used in the construction industry e. What is block shear? f. Provide one reason why an extra 1/16" is added to the punched hole diameter for the net section design calculations. g. Below is a figure plotting the generic relationship between critical buckling stress for column buckling and the AISC slenderness parameter Xc. Define Xc (x-axis), identify the two assumed ranges of response for column buckling, and identify the value of Ac at the transition point. cr

Explanation / Answer

c) When yield strength from stress strain curve cannot be clearly determined, a line is drawn parallel to linear part of stress strain curve which passes through point(0.002,0). The stress at the point on the stress strain curve where this line meets is considered as the yield strength(also known as prrof stress)

d)The three reasons are:

i)Steel is ductile

ii)low thermal expansion coefficient

iii)good in both tension and compression

e)block shear is a failure limit state that takes place due to tensile loads. The connecting element fails in a combination of both shear rupture and tension yielding.

f)This extra 1/16" is to take into consideration construction tolerance.Also, if the hole size is equal to bolt diameter, then while installing the bolt,there might be localised failures in the plate around bolt. To avoid this,a clearance of 1/16" is used.

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