A complete series circuit consists of a 12.0 V battery, a4.70 W resistor and a s

Question

A complete series circuit consists of a 12.0 V battery, a4.70 W resistor and a switch. The internal resistance of thebattery is 0.30 W. The switch is open. What is thepotential difference across the following, in other words what doesan ideal voltmeter read when placed…

(a) Across the terminals of the battery?

(b) Across the resistor?

(c) Across the open switch?

Repeat for when the switch is closed…

(d) Across the terminals of the battery?

(e) Across the resistor?

(f)    Across the closed switch?

Explanation / Answer

   In an open circuit    a.   Potential differenceacross terminals ofbattery   =   EMF   =   12.0   V    b.   Across theresistor   =   0    c.   Across theswitch   =   E   =   12.0   V            (Open switch behaves as infinite resistance)    When the switch is closed    d.   Terminal potentialdifference   V   =   E- I * r          I   =   E/ ( R +r),         r   =   internalresistance of battery          I   =   12.0/ ( 4.7 +0.30)   =   2.4   A             V   =   12.0- 2.4 *0.30   =   11.28   V    e.   Across theresistor   V   =   I *R   =   2.4 *4.7   =   11.28   V    f.   Switch (closed) havezeroresistance   henve   Vswitch   =   0*2.4   =   0    V

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