Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. Some
ID: 176779 • Letter: C
Question
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used. Some answers may be used for more than one question. SH2 SH3 Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) Guanine nucleotide exchange factor Adenylate cyclase (AC) Protein tyrosine phosphatase Protein kinase A (PKA) Protein kinase C (PKC) EF hand cyclic AMP (cAMP) Growth hormone Insulin Phosphodiesterases Bubonic plague (black death) is caused by a highly active bacterial ___. The___ signaling pathway relies on GTP dependent hydrolysis for subsequent synthesis of cAMP. Protein kinase A is activated by ___ Phosphorylated tyrosine residues are specifically recognized by the ___ domain. A G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) serves as ___ for a heterotrimeric G-protein. A release of ___ would result in the stimulation of the liver to synthesize glycogen. Cytosolic calcium ion levels are altered by the___ signaling pathway. Activation of ___ decreases the cytosolic cAMP and cGMP levels Multiple Choice (22 questions, only 17 of the best answers will be counted) Phospholipase C cleaves PIP_2, generating ___ IP_3 and DAG (inositol-1.4, 5-trisphosphate and 1, 2-diacylglycerol) cAMP and PP_i cAMP and DAG IP_3 and PP_i IP_3 and P_i Heterotrimeric G proteins ___ consist of three subunits, G_alpha, G_beta, and G_gammaExplanation / Answer
1. Protein tyrosine phosphatase. Y. pestis which cuases bubonic plague has its antigen YopH which dephosphorylate p130Cas, Fyb, and Pyk proteins. The protein is a GTPase activating protein, which initiates signaling that lead to cytolysis.
2. Adenylate cyclase. The enzyme activation is coupled to GPCR binding to its ligand. This causes Gs alpha subunit to exchange GDP for GTP, and releases the subunit. The released subunit binds to adenylyl cyclase, catalyzes conversion of ATP to cAMP.
3. cyclic AMP (cAMP). Protein kinase A is a cAMP dependent enzyme, which inturn is activated by a GPCR binding to its receptor.
4. (A) SH2 domains. SH2 domains function specifically to recognize phosphorylated tyrosines.