Part 1: The presenting symptoms or functioning skills can at times be representa
ID: 181918 • Letter: P
Question
Part 1:
The presenting symptoms or functioning skills can at times be representative of different disorders. For example, both intellectual disability disorder and dementia describe significant deficits in everyday functioning. Behavior disorders from an everyday point of view are also a difficult area to define. One of the challenges with evaluating children is the influence of several factors such as social, cognitive, and motor development as well as environmental factors.
Describe the diagnostic criteria for intellectual disability disorder and dementia based on the current DSM. Explain the major differences between the two disorders. Describe some of the ways in which a person may be diagnosed with intellectual disability disorder. Describe some of the ways a person may be diagnosed with dementia.
Describe the main types of behavior disorders in children and explain how these disorders can be differentiated from a child that may be exhibiting disruptive behaviors for other reasons.
Part 2:
Somatic symptom disorder has a long history. Sigmund Freud described a case of Anna, who displayed several physical conditions (e.g., pain, dizziness, numbness, and visual disturbances) with no apparent medical cause. Also, schizophrenia is not actually one single disorder but a spectrum of disorders that fall along a continuum of symptoms and functioning levels.
Describe somatic symptom disorder, and if the disorder can be diagnosed if the person has an actual physical illness.
Describe the basic criteria for schizophrenia based on the current DSM criteria. Explain the differences between negative and positive symptoms.
Explain the prognosis of an individual diagnosed with schizophrenia based on age and gender factors.
Justify your answers with appropriate reasoning and research from your text and course readings. Comment on the postings of at least two peers, and provide an analysis of each peer's postings while also suggesting specific additions or clarifications for improving the discussion question response.
Explanation / Answer
Ques-1: Explain the major differences between the two disorders. Describe some of the ways in which a person may be diagnosed with intellectual disability disorder. Describe some of the ways a person may be diagnosed with dementia.
The major differences between the "memory deficit disorder (dementia)" & intellectual disability disorder or behavioral disorder (ADHD, autism):
Dementia is mainly due to the loss of memory related functions related to dysfunctionality of the myelinated neurons result in no nerve impulse conduction in the old age. This disease is mainly associated with "formation of neuronal -protein plaques" around the myelin result in neurodegeneration in the central nervous system as the age is progressing result in behavioral changes, followed by dysfunctional motor & cognitive functions & intellectual ability
Unique challenges of treating patients with various nervous system diseases and name the diseases:
Lack of site-specific drugs to acts against the protein deposition such as neurofibrillary tangles (often formed due to Tau protein deposition around the myelin) and neuroplaques (often formed due to the beta amylein formation around the myelin) leading to very challenging to treat the dementia and amnesia patients. The intensity of this protein deposition is very high in Alzheimer’s disease in which complete atrophy of neurons in the white and grey matter due to severe plaque deposition associated with abolition of nerve impulse transmission result in severe memory loss by nonregenerative cognitive impairment. There are a few quite challenging nootropic drugs are at present available but not proved much efficacy.
Multicultural linguistic culture for disable children education:
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Environmental factors that directly affect children at the age between 6 years to 12 are environmental pollutant lead, dietary factors, associated with food dyes and their additives, unsubstantiated sugar.
Autism spectrum disorder: it is a psychological and mental impairment disorder in the children, who need a specialized care and culture for their better way of life style. In order to implement that it is crucial to implement multicultural linguistic culture to the children that deals with language, social interactions, gender and race. Another sign that predominates after restricted behavior that is repeating words or phrases is repeatedly having no communicative intent.
Autism is a developmental disorder in children that is diagnosed in early childhood. Children with autism exhibit poor intellectual skills, poor communication skills, unusual speech patterns, sensory problems, lack of eye contact, stereotyped behaviours etc.
The senses of taste and smell are hyperactive in these children. They are five times more likely to have feeding problem than normal children. Odour, taste and texture cause hypersensitivity in these children and they avoid certain foods. Deficiency of protein, iron, calcium, and other nutrients is common in autism children. Feeding problems in these children may cause heart disease, obesity (commonly observed) and growth retardation.
Autism spectrum disorder, insomnia, excessive stress disorder are other similar disorders and you can eliminate these disorders by early diagnosis based on the characteristic symptoms. Behavioral therapy and medication is essential to prevent these
Ques-2: Describe the main types of behavior disorders in children and explain how these disorders can be differentiated from a child that may be exhibiting disruptive behaviors for other reasons.
Mainly children who have behavioral syndromes such as Down’s syndrome, autism (may lead to disruptive behavior sometimes) and untreated attention hyperactivity syndrome may result in difficulty in maintaining constant theory of mind as a result misinterpreted behavioral aspects and language disabilities in the child. In these, disorders, the theory of mind is so difficult to maintain because it is mainly based on constellation of genetic predispositions inherit from the parents. So that, any alterations in these biological aspects of alleles coding for behavioral molecules (neurotranmitters) in the limbic system or nigrostriatal pathway may leading to "lack of social communication & social interaction with lower ability to understand others' states of mind even in case of adults face these conditions.