Points: 100 Question 1. (35 Points) a) Explain how does a pile support its appli
ID: 1866626 • Letter: P
Question
Points: 100 Question 1. (35 Points) a) Explain how does a pile support its applied load and describe the various types of piles. c) d) hat three methods meet OSHA requirements for protecting workers in an excavation. Explain the significance of soil's effective grain size to the process of dewatering the soil. Briefly describe the four major types of pressure grouting Question 2. (35 Points) a) b) c) d) Explain types of Wood used for construction & its properties. Define Frame Construction and briefly explan two types of frame construction List the common errors in Truss installation Briefly expalin timber construction. Question 3. (30 Points) a) List various cost components in a reinforced concrete construction and explain the largest b) Briefly discuss the advantages and disadvantages of precast, prestressed c) What test may be performed on plastic concrete delivered to the job site to ensure that it meets component. to cast-in place concrete. the specification requirements? How might a rapid strength test be performed on plastic concrete as compared concreteExplanation / Answer
(1)
(a) A Pile supports it's applied load by the following 2 ways:
(i) Through Skin Friction
(ii) End Bearings
There are two fundamental types of pile foundations (based on structural behaviour):
End Bearing Piles- develop most of their friction at the toe of the pile, bearing on a hard layer. The pile transmits load direct to firm strata, and also receives lateral restraint from subsoil.
Friction Piles- develop most of the pile-bearing capacity by shear stresses along the sides of the pile, and are suitable where harder layers are too deep. The pile transmits the load to surrounding soil by friction between the surface of the pile and soil, which in effect lowers the bulb of pressure.
(b) The three methods that meet the OSHA requirements for protecting the workers in an excavation when worker protection against cave is required are:
(i) Sloping and breaching of the sides of the excavation.
(ii) Supporting the sides of the excavation by shoring.
(iii) Placing a shield between workers and the sides of the excavation.
(c) It is a significant measure of soil permeability. Effective grain size is that size of grain for which the diameter of the soil particle is smaller than 90% of the soil’s grains (i.e. 10% of total soil grains are smaller than the designated grain size).
(d) The major types of grouting methods are:
(i) Slurry grouting: In this method slurry (water and grouting agent) are injected in to the soil.
(ii) Chemical grouting: It is the injection of chemical grouting agents in to the soil.
(iii) Compaction grouting: in this type very stiff mortar grout is injected in to the soil to compact and increase the strength of the soil.
(iv) Jet grouting: the soil around the grouting pipe is removed with the help of water jet and then the soil is replaced by grout.