Please help with the following questions, thank you. Critical Thinking Assignmen
ID: 188988 • Letter: P
Question
Please help with the following questions, thank you. Critical Thinking Assignment 2: Enzymes Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a metabolic disorder whereby phenylalanine, an essential amino acid, is not converted into tyrosine. PKU is caused by an autosomal recessive mutation in the gene coding for the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). Phenylalanine Phenylpyruvic acid PAH Tyrosine > Dihydroxyphenylalanine, Melanin Many other products 1. How does a mutation in DNA affect the primary structure of a protein? Use a diagram if you like. Be specific. Your answer needs to demonstrate knowledge of what primary structure is, and how DNA codes for specific amino acids. (5 pts) 2. Why can a mutation in DNA affect the function of a protein? Use the levels of protein structure and bonding in your answer! Your answer needs to show a clear relationship between protein structure and function (3pts)Explanation / Answer
1. The primary protein structure is the linear chain sequence of a protein. A DNA mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can alter the amino acid sequence of the protein by replacing an amino acid with another one. A DNA mutation could also stop the protein translation if a nucleotide change results in a termination codon instead of an aminoacid codon, if this happens then the protein is not formed.
There are also frameshift mutation, in which a nucleotide is inserted or deleted, therefore changing the whole amino acid sequence, since the codons that define the amino acid sequences translate in triplets, and this triplets would be completely altered by a deletion or an insertion of an extra nucleotide.
As the linear sequence is altered then the whole protein function, in this case an enzyme