In your own words please follow the links bellow and answer the question be as d
ID: 189797 • Letter: I
Question
In your own words please follow the links bellow and answer the question be as detailed please.
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5110a3.htm
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/18/2/pdfs/11-0924.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3373117/
Briefly, summarize and compare the two case studies on leishmaniasis and Trypanosoma cruzi. What were the circumstances of disease transmission in the three cases, how was the infection diagnosed in each case and what methods were used for diagnosis? What new information is contained in the cases that are not found in the CDC website?
Explanation / Answer
Summary: In both the cases of leishmania and trypanosoma cruzi, there are the study on the cases reported in the state.In trypanosoma cruzi there is the disease is caused after solid-organ transplantation. Then the screening of the patients was done followed by the diagnosis of the disease and then its treatment with nifurtimox. And it was concluded that due to immunocompromisation in patients due to organ transplantation make them prone to trypanosoma cruzi.
In case study of Visceral leishmania various factors responsible for the cause of the this disease is hypothesised, that are after being diagnosed led to the conclusion that VL cases could be caused by visceralization of dermatrophic Leishmania spp.. After diagnosing during regular observation of different patioents the molecular analysis by PCR is done to confirm the disease and its causal so that specific treatment can be given.
b. Circumstances of disease transmission in visceral leishmania: L. (L.) infantum is the causative agent, and enzootic cycleis the transmission way in human accidentally.
Circumstances of disease transmission in congenital leishmania: It can be transmitted from an asymptomatic mother to her child in utero or during labor as well as a consequence of VL during pregnancy.
Circumstances of disease transmission intrypanosomiasis: It is transmitted during organ transplantation from affected donor to the healthy donor causing the disease.
c. Diagnosis of congenital leishmania: This can be diagnosed sing serologic tests conducted on blood samples.and the disease was confirmed by immunoblot analysis.
Diagnosis of visceral leishmania: Electrophoresis of serum proteins is used to diagnose the disease and then the PCR is done to confirm the causative species and the disease confirmation.
Diagnosis of Trypanosomiasis: Peripheral blood smear test is done to detect and diagnose the disease.
d. New information about congenital leishmania: It was noticed that infants with fever, splenomegaly, and pancytopenia, VL can also be affected even if the patient does not belong to the endemic area. SO not only pregnancy but transmission from an asymptomatic mother to her child in utero or during labor can cause congenital visceral leishmania.
New information about visceral leishmania: It was suggested in this study that dermatropic Leishmania spp. was not the causal agent for visceral leishmania but the enzootic cycle with accidental human transmission is the actual causative agent.