Question
Find to three significant digits the charge and the mass of the following particles. Suggestion: Begin by looking up the mass of a neutral atom on the periodic table of the elements in Appendix C.
charge
C mass
kg Find to three significant digits the charge and the mass of the following particles. Suggestion: Begin by looking up the mass of a neutral atom on the periodic table of the elements in Appendix C. (a) an ionized hydrogen atom, represented as H+ (b) a singly ionized sodium atom, Na+ (c) a chloride ion Cl- (d) a doubly ionized calcium atom, Ca++ = Ca2+ (e) the center of an ammonia molecule, modeled as an N3- ion (f) quadruply ionized nitrogen atoms, N4+, found in plasma in a hot star (g) the nucleus of a nitrogen atom (h) the molecular ion H2O- charge C mass kg charge C mass kg charge C mass kg charge C mass kg charge C mass kg charge C mass kg charge C mass kg charge C mass kg
Explanation / Answer
positive charge: the deficiency of electrons on a body or particle is known as positive charge. the
mass of a body some what
decreases when a positive charge is given to it.
negative charge: the excess of electrons on a body or particle is known as
negative charge. when a negative charge is given to a body then its
mass somewhat
increases. mass of electron me =
9.11*10-31 kg mass of proton mp =
1.67*10-27 kg electron charge e =
-1.6*10-19 C proton charge =
1.6*10-19 C 1 u =
1.66*10-27 kg 1 zepto =
10-21 1 atto =
10-18 1 atto =
10-18 a)
ionized hydrogen atom (H+) : charge = charge of proton
= +1.6*10-19 C =
160 zC mass = mass of hydrogen atom - (1)(mass of electron) = (1)(1.67*10-27 kg) - (1)(9.11*10-31 kg) =
1.67*10-27 kg b) ionized sodium atom (Na+) : charge = charge of proton
= +1.6*10-19 C =
160 zC mass = mass of sodium atom - (1)(mass of electron) = (23)(1.67*10-27 kg) - (1)(9.11*10-31 kg)
= 3.84*10-26 kg = 23.13 u b) ionized sodium atom (Na+) : charge = charge of proton
= +1.6*10-19 C =
160 zC mass = mass of sodium atom - (1)(mass of electron) = (23)(1.67*10-27 kg) - (1)(9.11*10-31 kg)
= 3.84*10-26 kg = 23.13 u charge = charge of proton
= +1.6*10-19 C =
160 zC mass = mass of sodium atom - (1)(mass of electron) = (23)(1.67*10-27 kg) - (1)(9.11*10-31 kg)
= 3.84*10-26 kg = 23.13 u mass = mass of sodium atom - (1)(mass of electron) = (23)(1.67*10-27 kg) - (1)(9.11*10-31 kg)
= 3.84*10-26 kg = 23.13 u c) for chloride ion Cl-
: charge = charge of one electron
= -1.6*10-19 C = -160 zC mass = mass of chloride atom + mass of Cl- = 35.5*1.67*10-27 kg + 1*9.11*10-31 kg
= 5.928*10-26 kg = (5.928*10-26 )(1/1.66*10-27) u
= 35.7 u d)
for doubly ionized calcium atom, Ca++ = Ca2+ : charge = chrge of two protons = (2)(1.6*10-19 C) = 3.2*10-19 C
= 320*10-21 C = 320 zC mass = mass of calcium atom - (2)(mass of electron) = (40)(1.67*10-27 kg) - (2)(9.11*10-31 kg) = 6.68*10-26 kg = (6.68*10-26
)(1/1.66*10-27) u = 40.2 u e)
ammonia molecule (N3-) : charge = (3)(charge of electron) = (3)(-1.6*10-19 C)
= -4.8*10-19 C = -480 zC mass = mass of N atom + (3)(mass of electron) = (14)(1.67*10-27 kg) + (3)(9.11*10-31 kg)
= 2.34*10-26 kg = 14 u f)
for N4+ : charge = charge of four protons = (4)(1.6*10-19 C)
=6.4*10-19 C = 640 zC mass = mass of nitrogen atom - (4)(mass of electron) = (14)(1.67*10-27 kg) - (4)(9.11*10-31 kg)
= 2.34*10-26 kg = 14 u g)
for nucleus of a nitrogen atom (N77) : it has seven protons and seven neutrons. charge = (7)(charge of proton) = (7)(1.6*10-19 C)
= 11.2*10-19 C = 1.12*10-18 C
= 1.12 aC mass = mass of the nitrogen atom - (7)(mass of electron) = (14)(1.67*10-27 kg) - (7)(9.11*10-31 kg)
= 2.34*10-26 kg = 14 u h)
for molecular ion H2O- : charge = charge of electron
= -1.6*10-19 C = -160 zC mass = mass of H2O molecule + (1)(mass of electron) = (18)(1.67*10-27 kg) + (1)(9.11*10-31 kg)
= 3.01*10-26 kg = 18.1 u mass = mass of calcium atom - (2)(mass of electron) = (40)(1.67*10-27 kg) - (2)(9.11*10-31 kg) = 6.68*10-26 kg = (6.68*10-26
)(1/1.66*10-27) u = 40.2 u e)
ammonia molecule (N3-) : charge = (3)(charge of electron) = (3)(-1.6*10-19 C)
= -4.8*10-19 C = -480 zC mass = mass of N atom + (3)(mass of electron) = (14)(1.67*10-27 kg) + (3)(9.11*10-31 kg)
= 2.34*10-26 kg = 14 u charge = (3)(charge of electron) = (3)(-1.6*10-19 C)
= -4.8*10-19 C = -480 zC mass = mass of N atom + (3)(mass of electron) = (14)(1.67*10-27 kg) + (3)(9.11*10-31 kg)
= 2.34*10-26 kg = 14 u f)
for N4+ : charge = charge of four protons = (4)(1.6*10-19 C)
=6.4*10-19 C = 640 zC mass = mass of nitrogen atom - (4)(mass of electron) = (14)(1.67*10-27 kg) - (4)(9.11*10-31 kg)
= 2.34*10-26 kg = 14 u g)
for nucleus of a nitrogen atom (N77) : it has seven protons and seven neutrons. charge = (7)(charge of proton) = (7)(1.6*10-19 C)
= 11.2*10-19 C = 1.12*10-18 C
= 1.12 aC mass = mass of the nitrogen atom - (7)(mass of electron) = (14)(1.67*10-27 kg) - (7)(9.11*10-31 kg)
= 2.34*10-26 kg = 14 u h)
for molecular ion H2O- : charge = charge of electron
= -1.6*10-19 C = -160 zC mass = mass of H2O molecule + (1)(mass of electron) = (18)(1.67*10-27 kg) + (1)(9.11*10-31 kg)
= 3.01*10-26 kg = 18.1 u charge = charge of electron
= -1.6*10-19 C = -160 zC mass = mass of H2O molecule + (1)(mass of electron) = (18)(1.67*10-27 kg) + (1)(9.11*10-31 kg)
= 3.01*10-26 kg = 18.1 u