All of the following are functions of electrolytes EXCEPT a) control osmosis bet
ID: 222156 • Letter: A
Question
All of the following are functions of electrolytes EXCEPT
a) control osmosis between bod compartments
b) are necessary for the production of action potentials
c) control bulk flow between plasma and interstitial fluid
d) help maintain the acid base balance
e) control the secretion of some hormones
The level of sodium in the blood is controlled by
a) aldosterone
b) ADH
c) ANP
d) A and B
e) All of the above
The magnesium level is regulated by
a) parathyroid hormone
b) antidiuretic hormone
c) aldosterone
d) angiotensin
e) adrenalin
Choose a chemical matches each description below.
- May have clinical applications in reducing edema by causing dieresis and natriuresis ____
- Released under sympathetic stimulation; lead to arteriolar vasoconstriction & decreased GFR ____
a. Angiotensin converting enyme
b. Antidiuretic hormone
c. Aldosterone
d. Angiotensin I
e. Angiotensin II
f. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
g. Epinephrine
h. Renin
Explanation / Answer
1.)Electrolytes are the mineral substances which are having varied functions in the body.The most common electrolytes are a) sodium
b) potassium
c) chloriode.
The functions of the electrolytes include 1.water balance maintainance that is controlling osmosis between the body compartments.
2. Helps in the transmission of nerve impulse .
3. Helps in maintaining Acid base balance.
4. Helps in the contraction and relaxation of muscles.
5. control Bulk flow between Plasma and Interstitial fluid.
So the answer is electrolytes help in all the above processes except controlling the secretion of of hormones.
2)Electrolytes are controlled by the hormones .
2. The level of Sodium in the blood is controlled by the following hormones. They are
1. Aldosterone
2. ADH and
3. ANP.
Aldosterone helps in the reabsorption of sodium ions when there is a decreased blood pressure, thus helping in the reabsorption of water . it is produced by the adrenal cortex cells and its release is triggered by the renin angiotensin mechanism ( responsible for blood pressure regulation ).the absorption os sodium takes place in the collecting tubule of the nephron.
ADH is also called the anti diuretic hormone.When there is a decresed water percentage in the body during conditions like dehydration the hormone regulates the reabsorpion of water , thus decresing the excretion of sodium in the urine.It regulates the Homeostasis mechanism by controlling the flow of water and salts in the body.
ANP is also called Atrial natriuretic peptide.It is secreted by the cells of the heart . It is released in response to the high blood volume.It helps in reducing the overload of the sodium and water in the circulatory system there by maintaing the homeostasis in the body.
So answer is all of the above.
4).Mechanism which helps in reducing edema and diuresis is as follows.
Atrial natriuretic peptide hormone is released by the heart cells there by decreasing the overload of the sodium and the water , maintaining diuresis and decreased water retention.
The mechanism which is activated under sympathetic stimulation for vasoconstriction and decreased glomerular filtrate is as follows.
Renin released by cells of the kidney converts Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I , Angiotensin converting enyme converts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II which stimulates the release of ADH and Aldosterone .
These hormones helps in incresing the vasoconstriction and decreased glomerular filtrate by reabsorption of water and sodium .
Epinephrine is released during stress, fear and anger which causes increse in blood pressure by vasoconstriction. it is a part of the sympathetic nervous system, acts on alpha receptors causing vasoconstriction.