Can someone help answer these questions. What are the protein malfunctions assoc
ID: 223644 • Letter: C
Question
Can someone help answer these questions.
What are the protein malfunctions associated with ALS, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's? Why is the neuron cell type more susceptible to issues with protein folding and the collapse of proteostasis? What are the roles of chaperones? What is HSP70 and how is it regulated? How does the overexpression or underexpression of HSP70 affect aggregation based diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's? How does aggregation of protein cause problems within a cell? How is the amount of heat shock protein mRNA regulated? Why do protein aggregates form if they are toxic to neurons? What are the similarities and differences between Hsp 70, Hsp 90 and Hsp 110? What happens when Hsp 90 is not present? What is the function of HSF1? Describe how you can prevent alpha- synuclein induced Parkinson disease in drosophila? Describe the role of DnaJ in the function of Hsp 70? How can ubiquitination lead to the degradation of proteins? Design an experiment to determine whether Ubiquitin is necessary & sufficient in the pathway for protein degradation.Explanation / Answer
3. Chaperons are a type of folding modulators which interact, stabilize and remodel non-native polypeptides thus play an important role in the conformation of the proteins. They are mostly upregulated upon heat shock proteins.
4.Hsp70s also called as DnaK is a 70 kilodalton heat shock proteins are a family of conserved ubiquitously expressed heat shock proteins. In environmental stress, the cell responds by increasing expression of heat shock proteins. They are mainly regulated at the transcription level by heat shock factors and are transcription factors that bind specific cis-acting sequences upstream of the heat shock gene promoters known as heat shock elements.
11. HSF1 is a Heat shock factor 1, a kind of protein in humans encoded by the HSF1 gene. It plays a primary mediator of transcriptional responses to stress and are highly conserved and thus play significantly in regulation such as metabolism and development.
13. Hsp 70 requires two additional cofactors that are DnaJ (Hsp40) and GrpE. DnaJ also was known as Hsp 40, a 41-kDa protein that induces ATP-hydrolysis dependent substrate attached to partially folded proteins to the substrate binding cavity of DnaK. They constitute a conserved J-domain and required for binding with DnaK. It can independently bind with low affinity to any unfolded proteins with low affinity.