Anatomy and Physiology II Chapters 27-29 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDG YOU DO NOT TURN THES
ID: 243219 • Letter: A
Question
Anatomy and Physiology II Chapters 27-29 TEST YOUR KNOWLEDG YOU DO NOT TURN THESE QUESTIONS IN FOR A GRADE The dartos and cremaster muscles are important to the integrity of the male reproductive system. What role do they play? generally occurs in the 3. List the characteristics of mature sperm. 4. The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called 5. List the functions of Sertoli/sustenacular cells 6. What mechanism divides the testes into lobules? 7. What are the similarities and differences in spermatogenesis and oogenesis? 8. List and define each area/part of the uterine tube. 9. Describe how each hormone involved in the ovarian cycle influences the events of the ovarian and when each is secreted (and by what structure or structures). Hormones: (GnRH, FSH, LH 10. List the sexually transmitted diseases caused by bacteria and those caused by vinuses. 11. Whic h phases and processes of the monthly reproductive cycle of the female (ovarian and uterine) occur 12. Define primary follicle, secondary follicle, and Graffian/vesicular follicle. 13. When does an oocyte complete the second meiotic division? 14. List the female homologues of the scrotum, ventral penis, and bulbourethral glands. 15. List the characteristics of each of the male accessory glands. 16. A boy who has not passed through puberty sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary such that FSH is no longer released, but LH is normal. After he grows to maturity, what would you expect in terms of fertility and ability to perform sexually? What if FSH is released but not LH? 17. Define the two types of erectile tissue in the male. 18. List and define the three layers of the uterus. 19. Describe the processes involved in sperm penetration. How does the female reproductive system prevent polyspermy? (Include penetration through corona radiata and zona pellucida, role of acrosomal enzymes, and blocks to polyspermy 20. What hormone controls the release of anterior pituitarty gonadotropins? 21. When successful, implantation takes about days and is usually completed by the day after ovulation. 22. Milk ejection or let-down is stimulated by which of the following hormones associated with pregnancy 23. Estrogen and progesterone maintain the integrity of the uterine lining and prepare the mammary glands to secrete milk. What structure makes this possible during the first three months of pregnancy? 24. The formation of the three germ layers occurs at 25. List substances carried from the mother to the fetus by the umbilical vein. List substances carried from the fetus to the mother by the umbilical arteries. 26. The placenta, a vitally important metabolic organ, is made up of a contribution from the mother and the fetus. Which portion is from the fetus? 27. The correct sequence of preembryonic structures is 28. List the signs of a newborn's physical condition that form the Apgar score. 29. Initially, the implanted embryo obtains its nutrition by 30. List the factors that promote the onset of labor. 31. List the factors that prevent sperm from reaching the ovum. What must happen to the sperm Start with zygote.) after entering the female before it can fertilize the egg? How long can sperm stay viable once inside the female reproductive system? How long is an ovum viable once ovulated? 32. List the structures formed by each of the three germ layers.Explanation / Answer
1) Dartos and Cremaster muscles play an important function in uplifting the testis sac or descending it down away from the male body in order to maintain a correct and ambient temperature (less than 1 degree C from core body temperature) for effective spermatogenesis. Thus they play a crucial role in male reproductive function.
2) Fertilization generally occurs in the ampulla of the fallopian tubes.
3) Mature sperm has three main regions: Head, comprising of the acrosomal cap which contains digestive enzymes and nucleus. Then we have the middle piece that contains the neck having many mitochondria and centrioles. Last is the tail which is a flagellum for motility.
4) Leydig cells produce testosterone.
5) Sertoli cells, also called as nurse cells provide nourishment to growing spermatids. They also form a barrier called as blood-testis barrier. They also phagocytose extra cytoplasm during spermatocyte maturation