Please explain all the work. Thanks All of the following mechanisms have been sh
ID: 252141 • Letter: P
Question
Please explain all the work. Thanks All of the following mechanisms have been shown experimentally to contribute to the formation of cancer cells EXCEPT Aabnormally high energy reserves in the cancer cells that cause them to divide too quickly (B)mutations that cause excess production of growth factors by cancer cells (e)mutations that reduce the need for growth factors in cancer cells mutations that inactivate genes that normally inhibit cell division (Eviruses that carry genes that transform normal cells into cancer cellsExplanation / Answer
B) mutations that cause excess production of growth factors by cancer cells-
we can have the example of EGFR receptor and EGF ligand. It has been demonstrated and proved that both the receptor and ligands are overexpressed in several types of cancer.
c) mutations that reduce the need for the growth factors in cancer cell
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is overexpressd in several types of cancer, It has been found that transforming growth factor beta receptor type II or TGFBR2 is situated downstream of TGF-?, which is found to reduce telomerase activity. In several types of cancer like cervical cancer the expression of TGFBR2 has been found to underexpress.
d) mutations that inactivate genes that normally inhibit cell division.
p53 is a tumor supressor which control the G1 to S phase in the cell cycle division. In most of the cancer p53 has been found to be mutated.
e) viruses that carry genes that transform normal cells into cancer cells.
viruses like Hepatitis C can cause cancer.