Innate immune responses provide early lines of defense against invading pathogen
ID: 263138 • Letter: I
Question
Innate immune responses provide early lines of defense against invading pathogens. All multicellular organisms possess these defenses. In vertebrates, innate immune responses can include: (It is possible for more than one choice to be correct.)
A. microbe-associated immunostimulants, including many types of molecules on microbial surfaces
B. activation of complement, a group of blood proteins that are activated in sequence to target the microbe for phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils, to disrupt the membrane of the microbe, and to produce an inflammatory response.
C. recognition and destruction of the double-stranded RNA of some viruses
D. recognition by pattern recognition receptors, including the toll-like receptors (TLRs) found in only in animals.
E. specific recognition of DNA sequences of invading microorganisms
Explanation / Answer
Innate immune responses provide early lines of defense against invading pathogen