Strong El Niño and positive PDO events can have oceanographic, biological, and s
ID: 289828 • Letter: S
Question
Strong El Niño and positive PDO events can have oceanographic, biological, and social
impacts along the coast of South America. Please describe:
a) The sequence of climatic and oceanographic events that leads to observed ocean changes near
Peru during a strong El Niño.
b) How do you think the commercial fish populations near Peru will respond to this El Niño and
why? Who are some of the stakeholders affected by this, what economic and social
impacts might this event have, and how might we mitigate them?
Explanation / Answer
question A
the flooding condetion and the wet climate leads to observe the Elnino effect in which the trade wind get weaker and the ocean water remains where it is. no upwelling condetion and no shift of water inside the ocean. due to this the warm water remains on the side of peru and they get evaporated from the surface of the ocean. and they condensed over there in a huge amount and when they become heavier they start raining and create the flooding condetion. the surface of the ocean water remains hotter during the Elnino phenomenon. these are the situation which leads to observe the Elnino effect.
b
During Elnino the shifting of water get effected and the hot water remains on the side of peru, there is no upwelling of water, due to this the phytoplankton could not come to the surface and if the phytoplankton which is the food of fish, is less then the fish also get lesser over there. so during Elnino the fish population decreases. the fish industry get affected by the process of elnino. the economical condetion also changes of the fish industry . and the flood leads to huge loss of the side area of elnino affected area. so social and economic loss happens by this process. this process is natural process we can not avoid this process but we can prepared for the event to get less damage .